•Yellow and white lupin seeds can totally replace soybean meal in rabbit diets.•Crude protein digestibility increased when yellow lupine totally replaced soybean meal.•Total replacement of soybean ...meal slightly decreases rabbit’s growth.
This study aimed to evaluate whole lupin seeds (Lupinus. albus and Lupinus luteus) as an alternative crude protein (CP) source to soybean meal (SBM) in diets for growing rabbits. Diets contained 150 g/kg of SBM (control; CTD), white lupin seeds (LAD) or yellow lupin seeds (LLD) as the main protein source were used. The diets were similar in the level of digestible crude protein (CP), and digestible energy and limiting amino acids. Sixty hybrid rabbits (New Zealand x Californian; 20 rabbits per diet; 1025 ± 72 g of live weight (LW)), weaned at 35 days of age, were used for growth performance evaluation from 35 to 69 days of age. A feed restriction (80 %) was performed during the first 14 days of the experiment (from 35 to 49 days). At the end of the growth trial, 30 rabbits (10 rabbits per treatment) were slaughtered without fasting. The caecum was weighted and its content was collected, the pH was measure and samples were taken and frozen for laboratorial analysis. Forty eight rabbits (24 cages and 16 rabbits per diet; 60 days of age; 2115.0 ± 211.6 g LW) were selected from the growth trial and used in the digestibility assay. No significant (P > 0.05) effects was observed on the LW and feed intake between diets in all ages studied. Considering the total growing period (35−69 days), weight gain was higher (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed the CTD (47.7 g/day) than rabbits fed lupine diets (42.8, and 42.1 g/day in rabbits fed the LAD and LLD, respectively). Similarly, feed conversion rate was lower (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed CTD (3.1, 3.5 and 3.6 g/g in rabbits fed the CTD, LAD and LLD, respectively). There were differences in digestibility of organic matter with CTD presenting the highest value (0.622; P < 0.05). Regarding de digestibility of CP, the highest value was found for LLD (0.738; P < 0.05). Digestibility of fibre fractions was not affected by diet (P > 0.05). The caecal parameters were not affected by the replacement of SBM by lupine, except the pH values that were higher in lupine diets (5.74 and 5.77 LAD and LLD, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion white and yellow lupin seeds are a suitable dietary protein source for growing rabbits although a slightly worsened of the growth performance of rabbits fed LAD or LLD was observed. Future trials must be conducted using lower levels of lupine seeds in diets and including also an economic evaluation of the results.
Background:
Understanding soil nitrogen (N) dynamics is essential to find alternative N sources and improve N use efficiency in agriculture.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess N ...mineralization rates from residues of winter cover crops, during maize crop season, under Mediterranean conditions.
Methods:
A field experiment was carried out from May to September in central Portugal, with four replications, two sowing dates of cover crops (15/10/2011 and 29/11/2011) and three cover crops residues (balansa clover, ryegrass and yellow lupine) that were incorporated in the soil. Plots were cropped with local maize and net N mineralization was measured during the crop cycle, using soil cylinders placed inside micro-perforated polyethylene bags.
Results and Discussion:
Early sowing of the cover crops residues increased the NH
4
+
and NO
3
-
contents in the soil. Yellow lupine residue had the highest rate of daily N mineralization (0.71 mg N kg
-1
day
-1
). For all treatments, the highest mineralization rate was found in the last incubation period, ranging between 0.78 mg N kg
-1
day
-1
and 1.84 mg N kg
-1
day
-1
, both for balansa clover, from the second and the first sowing date, respectively.
Conclusion:
The present study suggests that, under Mediterranean field conditions, cover crops residue of Italian ryegrass, balansa clover and yellow lupin can be used as a nitrogen source namely for sustainable maize crops.
The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the inoculant on the content of biogenic elements in tenoreign varieties of white lupine (Lupinus albus) and threearieties of grass pea ...(Lathyrus sativus L.) of Slovak origin. Rizobine was used as the inoculum before sowing. Dried and homogenised seed samples were mineralised using concentrated HNO3 using the MARS X - Press 5 instrument. Analytical determination of macro- and microelements in all samples was performed using ARIAN DUO 240FS/240Z atomic absorption spectrometer. The determined values of biogenic elements content were expressed as mg.kg-1 of dry matter. The average content of Cu was lower for both crops in variant A compared to variant B. The addition of the inoculant increased the content of Cu in both crops in lupine by 3.7% and grass pea by 10.94%. The Zn content of variant A in lupine was 19.14% higher than that of the grass pea. Grass pea seeds contained 97.76% less Mn than white lupine seeds in both variants. The Cr content of white lupine was 67.74% higher in variant A than in grass pea. The inoculant also increased the content of Cr in lupine by 25.0%. Lupine contained 30.02% less Fe in variant A and 41.27% less Fe in variant B than the grass pea. The results we have obtained show that Ca, K, and P are the predominant elements in the seeds of grass pea in both variants. By comparing selected types of legumes we found that the grass pea features a higher content of Cu, Fe, K, and P. The analysed seeds of white lupine had a higher content of Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Na, Ca, and Mg. In conclusion, inoculation does not significantly affect the content of biogenic elements of selected legume species.
Larkspurs, lupines, and death camas can be acutely toxic to livestock and are serious poisonous plant problems in western North America. The toxicity of these plants depends on the composition and ...concentrations of the toxic alkaloids in the plants. In this study, goats and cows were dosed sub-lethal doses of larkspur, lupine, and death camas. Rumen contents and ocular fluid samples were collected, and simple extraction, sample preparation, and analytical methods were developed for the detection of toxic alkaloids in the rumen contents and ocular fluid samples. Toxic alkaloids were detected in the rumen contents and ocular fluid samples from the goats and cows dosed larkspur, lupine, and death camas. In addition, results from a case report where rumen contents were analyzed from a steer that was suspected to have died due to larkspur are reported. This demonstrates the utility of the methods described for the diagnosis of acute plant poisonings.
•Diagnosing plant poisonings in livestock is challenging.•Analytical methods for the detection of toxic plant alkaloids from the rumen contents and ocular fluid are presented.•This is the first report of the detection of plant alkaloids in the ocular fluid of ruminants.•Results of analysis of rumen contents from a steer that was suspected to have died due to larkspur are reported.
Inhibition of aluminium corrosion in 2
M sodium hydroxide solution by a package composed of the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and lupine seed extract has been ...investigated employing different electrochemical techniques and chemical gasometry measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization curve measurements showed that lupine seed extract controls both the anodic dissolution of aluminium and the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathodic sites of aluminium surface. Nyquist plots showed two capacitive semicircles in the high and low frequency regions separated by an inductive loop at intermediate frequencies. The inductive loop may be explained by the occurrence of adsorbed intermediates on the surface. A proposed equivalent circuit was used to analyse the impedance spectra for aluminium in NaOH solutions. The corrosion inhibition data have been analysed using different isotherms. The results showed excellent agreement between the kinetic–thermodynamic model and Flory–Huggins isotherm. Gasometry measurements showed that the Inhibitive effect of the surfactant increases at a composition around its critical micelle concentration (cmc). The presence of both the surfactant and lupine seed extract did not indicate synergistic action between them. The mode of adsorption of the surfactant molecules corresponding to their structure is also discussed.
To assess the ameliorative effects of exogenous proline application on salinity stress, 20, 35 and 50-day old seedlings of two lupine varieties (i.e., Giza 1 and Giza 2) grown on a saline soil (i.e., ...6.35 – 6.45 dS m-1) were sprayed with 0 (tap water as a control), 3, 6 or 9mM proline. This study was conducted in two seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. All proline levels caused a significant increase in growth characteristics, physiological attributes, yields and anatomical traits of both lupine varieties compared to the control. Among proline concentrations, 6mM proline led to the highest levels of plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, endogenous proline and yields, and represented the best anatomical characteristics of the two lupine varieties. In contrast, the 6mM proline level caused the lowest levels of alkaloids under salinity stress. Giza 2 variety was found to generate better growth and yield, thus reflecting more salt-tolerance than Giza 1 variety. This study highlights the potential ameliorative effects of proline in mitigating the adverse effects of salinity stress in growing plants. To enhance lupine plant growth and productivity in saline soils, we recommend the use of proline as a commercial formulation.
•Proline can alleviate the adverse effects of soil salinity on Lupinus termis L. plants.•Growth and yield of Lupinus termis L. plants are maximized by proline under salinity stress.•Leaf photosynthetic pigments are maintained by proline application under soil salinity.•Increased alkaloids with salinity are reduced by exogenous proline.•Stem anatomical traits are improved by proline application under salinity stress.
•Increasing moisture content and defatting enhance protein purity.•Pre-treatments involving soaking detrimentally affect dry separation.•Electrostatic separation increased protein content of ...air-classified fractions.•Electrostatic separation of lupine is independent of initial protein content.
Air classification is a milder and more sustainable method to obtain protein-enriched fractions than commonly used wet fractionation. The protein content of air-classified fractions is generally lower than obtained with wet methods, therefore we applied pre- and post-treatments to increase the protein purity. A starch-rich legume, pea, and an oil-rich legume, lupine, were pre-treated by varying the moisture content, defatting, soaking or freezing cycles. Higher moisture contents and defatting of lupine increased the protein purity, but lower moisture contents increased the protein yield. Soaking and freezing cycles lowered the particle density, which impaired the separation. Electrostatic separation is based on electrostatic charging behaviour and was successfully applied to enrich air-classified fractions by separating protein and fibre into oppositely charged fractions. The results showed that pre- and post-treatments yielded protein fractions that are significantly purer than those obtained in single-step milling and air classification.
•A normalised real-time PCR assay targeting the Lup a 4 gene of lupine was proposed.•A sensitivity down to 0.0005% (w/w) of lupine in rice flour was achieved.•Food matrix and baking affected ...negatively the quantitative performance of assay.•The validated method enable quantifying 4.12–22.9% of lupine in processed foods.•Most foods labelled as “may contain traces of lupine” were negative for lupine.
Lupine is widely used as an ingredient in diverse food products, but it is also a source of allergens. This work aimed at proposing a method to detect/quantify lupine as an allergen in processed foods based on a normalised real-time PCR assay targeting the Lup a 4 allergen-encoding gene of Lupinus albus. Sensitivities down to 0.0005%, 0.01% and 0.05% (w/w) of lupine in rice flour, wheat flour and bread, respectively, and 1 pg of L. albus DNA were obtained, with adequate real-time PCR performance parameters using the ΔCt method. Both food matrix and processing affected negatively the quantitative performance of the assay. The method was successfully validated with blind samples and applied to processed foods. Lupine was estimated between 4.12 and 22.9% in foods, with some results suggesting the common practice of precautionary labelling. In this work, useful and effective tools were proposed for the detection/quantification of lupine in food products.
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