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•Cupriavidus necator was engineered to synthesis lycopene via synthetic biology.•Lycopene was produced from CO2 in microbial electrosynthesis system.•Lycopene provided long-term ...cytoprotective capacity against reactive oxygen species.•Coal-fired power plant exhaust gas was used as feedstock for lycopene production.
Valorization of CO2 is key to establishing a carbon–neutral society. However, CO2 possesses a strong C = O with bond energy of 750 kJ/mol, which makes it difficult for electrochemical conversion. As a result, the conversion of CO2 to complex molecules remains a grand challenge and product profiles based on inorganic catalysis are only limited to a few simple chemicals, such as formate, acetate, and ethanol. Here, we employed microbial electrosynthesis to diversify the product spectrum. First, an engineered Cupriavidus necator strain was constructed to produce lycopene from H2 and CO2. Then, by coupling de novo microbial catalyzed lycopene synthesis with inorganic catalyzed water electrolysis, a microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system was developed. Lycopene, representing the most complex nonnative molecules in the MES system, was produced with CO2 as the sole carbon source and H2 derived from electrochemical water splitting as the reducing power. Moreover, the produced lycopene provided long-term cytoprotective capacity against reactive oxygen species, thereby addressing the incompatibility between microbial and inorganic catalysis. Finally, 1.73 mg/L lycopene was produced from real exhaust gas from a coal-fired power plant in the MES system. The present study opens a possible route to turn trash to cash for industrial exhaust gas.
Escherichia coli
(
E. coli
) can induce severe clinical bovine mastitis, which is to blame for large losses experienced by dairy farms. Macrophage polarization into various states is in response to ...pathogen infections. Lycopene, a naturally occurring hydrocarbon carotenoid, relieved inflammation by controlling M1/M2 status of macrophages. Thus, we wanted to explore the effect of lycopene on polarization states of macrophages in
E. coli
-induced mastitis. Macrophages were cultivated with lycopene for 24, before
E. coli
inoculation for 6 h. Lycopene (0.5 μmol/L) significantly enhanced cell viabilities and significantly reduced lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in macrophages, whereas 2 and 3 μmol/L lycopene significantly enhanced LDH activities. Lycopene treatment significantly reduced the increase in LDH release, iNOS, CD86, TNF-α, IL-1β and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expressions in
E. coli
group. 0.5 μmol/L lycopene significantly increased
E. coli
-induced downregulation of CD206, arginase I (ARG1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), chitinase 3-like 3 (YM1), PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, jumonji domain-containing protein-3 (JMJD3) and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) levels. Moreover, Ginkgolic acid C17:1 (a specific PTEN inhibitor), 740YPDGFR (a specific PI3K activator), SC79 (a specific AKT activator) or CHPG sodium salt (a specific NF-κB activator) significantly decreased CD206, AGR1, IDO and YM1 expressions in lycopene and
E. coli
-treated macrophages. Therefore, lycopene increased M2 macrophages via inhibiting NOTCH1-PI3K-mTOR-NF-κB-JMJD3-IRF4 pathway in response to
E. coli
infection in macrophages. These results contribute to revealing the pathogenesis of
E. coli
-caused bovine mastitis, providing the new angle of the prevention and management of mastitis.
Objectives: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, there is still a need to look for secure and successful agents that can ...either minimise or prevent CRF from advancing to end-stage renal disorder. This study aimed to assess the effect of lycopene on adenine-induced CRF in the rat. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into five groups ( n = 6). Normal control group received normal vehicle, disease control group received orally adenine (50 mg/kg/day), L 100 group received orally lycopene (100 mg/kg/day) + adenine (50 mg/kg/day), L 200 group received orally lycopene (200 mg/kg/day) + adenine (50 mg/kg/day) and L 400 group received orally lycopene (400 mg/kg/day) + adenine (50 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. Results: Compared to the control group, the disease control group had decreased bodyweight, food intake and also increased the relative kidney weight and urine output. Adenine-treated group also significantly increased the blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, magnesium and reduced the calcium, urine creatinine and urine urea nitrogen. Besides, adenine also gave a positive test of serum C-reactive protein and proteinuria. Histopathologically, adenine caused significant inflammatory changes to renal tissues compared with the normal control group. When administered concomitantly with adenine, lycopene alleviated all the measured adenine-induced physiological, biochemical and histological changes. Conclusion: We concluded from this analysis that oral lycopene administration could potentially mitigate the adverse effect of CRF that might be due to their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
This study aimed to determine whether increased carotenoids intake was associated with reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from ...Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort study. The dietary carotenoids intake of 1978 pregnant women was assessed using a researcher-administered FFQ before undertaking an oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were used to obtain the effect estimates. Participants in the highest quartile of lycopene intake showed a lower risk of GDM (OR 0·50; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·86; P
for trend = 0·007) compared with those in the lowest quartile; each 1 mg increase in lycopene consumption was associated with a 5 % (95 % CI 0·91, 0·99; P
for trend = 0·020) decrease in GDM risk. No significant association was found between α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin intake and GDM risk. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested an inverse association between lycopene intake and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P
for trend < 0·001); each 1 mg increase in lycopene intake was associated with 0·005 (95 % CI 0·002, 0·007; P
for trend < 0·001) mmol/l decrease in FBG. Interaction analysis indicated consistent effect on each age or pre-BMI subgroup; however, a stronger protective effect of lycopene intake against GDM was observed among primigravid women (OR 0·20; 95 % CI 0·07, 0·55 in the highest v. the lowest quartile of intake; P
for interaction = 0·036). In conclusion, dietary lycopene intake was mainly assumed via reducing FBG to decrease GDM risk, and the protection was relatively increased among primigravid women.
Trisporic acids are considered to be key regulators of carotenoid biosynthesis and sexual reproduction in zygomycetes, but the mechanisms underlying this regulation have not been fully elucidated. In ...this study, the relationships between trisporic acids and lycopene synthesis were investigated in Blakeslea trispora. The lycopene concentration in single fermentation by the (-) strain with the addition of 24 mug/L trisporic acids was slightly higher than that observed in mated fermentation. After transcriptomic analysis, a steroid 5alpha-reductase-like gene, known as SR5AL in B. trispora, was first reported. 5alpha-Reductase inhibitors reduced lycopene biosynthesis and downregulated the expression of sex determination and carotenoid biosynthesis genes. Overexpression of the SR5AL gene upregulated these genes, regardless of whether trisporic acids were added. These findings indicated that the SR5AL gene is a key gene associated with the response to trisporic acids.
Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is positively related to the development of obesity. Lycopene (LYC) can potentially combat HFD-induced obesity and ...metabolic disorders in rats. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LYC on metabolic syndrome and assess its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the liver and adipose tissue in rats fed an HFD. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group Ι (the control group) was fed a normal diet, group ΙΙ (HFD) received an HFD for 16 weeks, and group ΙΙΙ (HFD + LYC) received an HFD for 12 weeks and then LYC (25 mg/kg b.wt) was administered for four weeks. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, lipid profile, liver function biomarkers, and inflammatory markers were determined. The results showed that long-term consumption of an HFD significantly increased weight gain, liver weight, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Rats on an HFD displayed higher levels of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers. Moreover, liver and white adipose tissue histopathological investigations showed that LYC treatment mended the damaged tissue. Overall, LYC supplementation successfully reversed HFD-induced changes and shifts through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, LYC displayed a therapeutic potential to manage obesity and its associated pathologies.
Phytoene (PT) and phytofluene (PTF) are rarities within carotenoids as they are colorless. Despite they have been mostly ignored in the past, there is strong evidence that they are major dietary ...carotenoids readily bioavailable in humans that could be involved in health-promoting biological actions. It is not surprising that they are the trendiest among the major dietary carotenoids.
In this review, we summarize recent insight and pinpoint sustainable approaches that can be used to innovate in the production of colorless carotenoid-rich products, in alignment with the new challenges posed by the European Union Green Deal and other international frameworks advocating for sustainability.
The health-promoting properties of tomato, commonly associated with lycopene, could actually be due to some extent to PT and PTF. It has recently been shown that certain agronomic practices and industrial processes that favor sustainable food production can be harnessed to produce products with enhanced contents or potential bioavailability. Although colorless carotenoids are attracting increased attention they have been scarcely tapped for the development of innovative products.
•Phytoene and phytofluene are peculiar carotenoids as they are colorless.•They have been largely ignored but are major dietary carotenoids.•They are bioavailable and may intervene in health-promoting biological actions.•Recent findings useful to develop new sustainable products were reviewed.•Some sustainable practices can increase their levels and bioaccessibility.
Scope
Beta‐carotene‐15,15′‐oxygenase (BCO1) and beta‐carotene‐9′,10′‐oxygenase (BCO2) metabolize lycopene to biologically active metabolites, which can ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ...(NAFLD). We investigate the effects of tomato powder (TP containing substantial lycopene (2.3 mg/g)) on NAFLD development and gut microbiome in the absence of both BCO1 and BCO2 in mice.
Method and results
BCO1−/−/BCO2−/− double knockout mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) alone (n = 9) or with TP feeding (n = 9) for 24 weeks. TP feeding significantly reduced pathological severity of steatosis and hepatic triglyceride levels in BCO1−/−/BCO2−/− mice (p < 0.04 vs HFD alone). This was associated with increased SIRT1 activity, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase expression and AMP‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and subsequently decreased lipogenesis, hepatic fatty acid uptake, and increasing fatty acid β‐oxidation (p < 0.05). TP feeding significantly decreased mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes (tnf‐α, il‐1β, and il‐6) in both liver and mesenteric adipose tissue, which were associated with increased plasma adiponectin and hepatic adiponectin receptor‐2. Multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using DNA extracted from cecum fecal samples. TP feeding increased microbial richness and decreased relative abundance of the genus Clostridium.
Conclusion
Dietary TP can inhibit NAFLD independent of carotenoid cleavage enzymes, potentially through increasing SIRT1 activity and adiponectin production and decreasing Clostridium abundance.
One of the consequences of the obesity epidemic is an increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study demonstrates that dietary TP effectively inhibits high fat diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD independent of carotenoid cleavage enzymes.
Lycopene, belonging to the carotenoids, is a tetraterpene compound abundantly found in tomato and tomato-based products. It is fundamentally recognized as a potent antioxidant and a non-pro-vitamin A ...carotenoid. Lycopene has been found to be efficient in ameliorating cancer insurgences, diabetes mellitus, cardiac complications, oxidative stress-mediated malfunctions, inflammatory events, skin and bone diseases, hepatic, neural and reproductive disorders. This review summarizes information regarding its sources and uses amongst different societies, its biochemistry aspects, and the potential utilization of lycopene and possible mechanisms involved in alleviating the abovementioned disorders. Furthermore, future directions with the possible use of this nutraceutical against lifestyle-related disorders are emphasized. Its protective effects against recommended doses of toxic agents and toxicity and safety are also discussed.
Lycopene is a natural pigment in plants belonging to lipophilic isoprenes and possesses diverse bioactivity against cardiovascular diseases, eye diseases, nerval degenerative disease and cancers. For ...these reasons, lycopene has been widely applied in the food and medical industries, and the applications of lycopene delivery systems have attracted widespread attention.
This review highlights the structure, bioactivity, digestive absorption, metabolism, transport, stability and influence factors of lycopene and its bioavailability in the human body. On this basis, the advances in research on lycopene delivery systems are highlighted, which provide some references for the wide application of lycopene into foods and medicine.
The improvement of lycopene stability can promote its digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and therefore it can play a healthy role. Constructing lycopene delivery systems (such as emulsion, nanostructured lipid carriers, hydrogel, liposomes) is an effective way to enhance its stability and bioavailability. However, the accuracy of the in vitro digestion model needs to be further verified by cell and animal experiments. There are still many challenges in the application of lycopene delivery systems for food commercialization.
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•An overview of the extraction, bioactivity, absorption, stability and application of lycopene was provided.•The improvement of lycopene stability can promote its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.•Constructing lycopene delivery systems is an effective way to enhance its stability and bioavailability.
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