The idea of the need to protect nature and natural resources is gaining importance every day. Sustainability refers to the protection of the environment for future generations. Architectural planning ...and design, as well as construction and demolition are now being evaluated with a long-term and multi-sided perspective. The use of existing building stock has great advantages in terms of resources and energy consumption in contrast to the damage to the environment inherent in the construction of a new building. The use of existing building stock allows for preservation of the environment and architectural identity, as well as economic benefit. Facade rehabilitation has become a key factor. Partial and extensive rehabilitation of building facades is directly proportional to the overall performance of the building. The decision to rehabilitate and the correct means of rehabilitation are critical to the building's performance. This study is an examination of the process of making the decision to rehabilitate an existing building facade and the current methods of rehabilitation.
Conservative engineering design rules for large serial coupled production processes result in machines having locked-in free time (also called 'critical downtime' or 'maintenance opportunity ...windows'), which cause idle time if not used. Operators are not able to assess a large production process holistically, and so may not be aware that they form the current bottleneck - or that they have free time available due to interruptions elsewhere. A real-time method is developed to accurately calculate and display free time in location and magnitude, and efficiency improvements are demonstrated in large-scale production runs.
The training of intensive breeding management has been carried out for duck farmers at district Wedung - Demak, on July-August 2013. The training was conducted in three activities, namely: (a) the ...transfer of knowledge about technique of preparing duck feed by available material, intensive maintenance , and incubator hatching technique; (b) implementation of intensive maintenance for the fertile eggs product, and (c) the practice of using the hatching incubator. Participants were duck farmer at Mutih Kulon and Tedunan, that maintain their ducks with extensive (grazing method). The results showed that the 27 participants who took the training have never been participated in the training of duck management. The reason of farmer breeding with grazing method, because they follow the habits of their parents. Most participants know that the maintenance of grazing method is bad, and they know that the intensive maintenance will increase the profits. The Proximate analysis of ration duck showed that its composition has taught balanced feed criteria. Production of eggs in the intensive maintenance hatchability reached 92%, eventhough the experiment at the farmer level reached 70.5% only.
We describe the life and times of a servicing mechanic for cypher equipment for the Royal Air Force during World War II and an opportunity to serve again as a cypher machine restorer for Bletchley ...Park Museum.
High-resolution structures have not been reported for replicative helicases at a replication fork at atomic resolution, a prerequisite to understanding the unwinding mechanism. The eukaryotic ...replicative CMG (Cdc45, Mcm2-7, GINS) helicase contains a Mcm2-7 motor ring, with the N-tier ring in front and the C-tier motor ring behind. The N-tier ring is structurally divided into a zinc finger (ZF) sub-ring followed by the oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide-binding (OB) fold ring. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of CMG on forked DNA at 3.9 Å, revealing that parental DNA enters the ZF sub-ring and strand separation occurs at the bottom of the ZF sub-ring, where the lagging strand is blocked and diverted sideways by OB hairpin-loops of Mcm3, Mcm4, Mcm6, and Mcm7. Thus, instead of employing a specific steric exclusion process, or even a separation pin, unwinding is achieved via a "dam-and-diversion tunnel" mechanism that does not require specific protein-DNA interaction. The C-tier motor ring contains spirally configured PS1 and H2I loops of Mcms 2, 3, 5, 6 that translocate on the spirally-configured leading strand, and thereby pull the preceding DNA segment through the diversion tunnel for strand separation.
Process plant equipment Holloway, Michael D; Nwaoha, Chikezie; Onyewuenyi, Oliver A
2012., 2012, c2012
eBook
“Process Plant Equipment Book is another great publication from Wiley as a reference book for final year students as well as those who will work or are working in chemical production plants and ...refinery…” -Associate Prof. Dr. Ramli Mat, Deputy Dean (Academic), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia “…gives readers access to both fundamental information on process plant equipment and to practical ideas, best practices and experiences of highly successful engineers from around the world… The book is illustrated throughout with numerous black & white photos and diagrams and also contains case studies demonstrating how actual process plants have implemented the tools and techniques discussed in the book. An extensive list of references enables readers to explore each individual topic in greater depth…” –Stainless Steel World and Valve World, November 2012 Discover how to optimize process plant equipment, from selection to operation to troubleshooting From energy to pharmaceuticals to food, the world depends on processing plants to manufacture the products that enable people to survive and flourish. With this book as their guide, readers have the information and practical guidelines needed to select, operate, maintain, control, and troubleshoot process plant equipment so that it is efficient, cost-effective, and reliable throughout its lifetime. Following the authors' careful explanations and instructions, readers will find that they are better able to reduce downtime and unscheduled shutdowns, streamline operations, and maximize the service life of processing equipment. Process Plant Equipment: Operation, Control, and Reliability is divided into three sections: Section One: Process Equipment Operations covers such key equipment as valves, pumps, cooling towers, conveyors, and storage tanks Section Two: Process Plant Reliability sets forth a variety of tested and proven tools and methods to assess and ensure the reliability and mechanical integrity of process equipment, including failure analysis, Fitness-for-Service assessment, engineering economics for chemical processes, and process component function and performance criteria Section Three: Process Measurement, Control, and Modeling examines flow meters, process control, and process modeling and simulation Throughout the book, numerous photos and diagrams illustrate the operation and control of key process equipment. There are also case studies demonstrating how actual process plants have implemented the tools and techniques discussed in the book. At the end of each chapter, an extensive list of references enables readers to explore each individual topic in greater depth. In summary, this text offers students, process engineers, and plant managers the expertise and technical support needed to streamline and optimize the operation of process plant equipment, from its initial selection to operations to troubleshooting.
Abstract The purpose of this research is to find out whether the implementation of PMS ( Planned Maintanance System ) in KM. Bukit Siguntang can run precisely and carefully. This research type uses ...descriptive quantitative method. This research was conducted at KM. Bukit Siguntang. At that time the writer was carrying out sea practice (Prala), on November 09, 2021 until after June 18, 2022. Sources of data are obtained from primary data obtained directly from the research site by observation at KM Bukit Siguntang, as well as related literature after the thesis. The results obtained from the research are that the understanding of PMS ( Planned Maintenance System ) is lacking and the application is still using manual methods. With these problems, it is necessary to make notes around the machine and the use of an online-based PMS ( Planned Maintenance System ).
Connections are present in all electrical circuits, they come in many shapes and materials, but all share one common trait: they are involved directly or indirectly in many grid faults. The integrity ...of power system grids plays a fundamental role in the smart grid context. The monitoring of equipment and assets contributes significantly to the reliability of electric power systems. This article aims to relate the causes of connection degradation as well as describe a system for continuous monitoring of these connections.
► Presents an overview of TBM and CBM techniques. ► We discuss how the TBM and CBM techniques work toward maintenance decision making. ► The challenges of implementing each technique are compared. ► ...Each of techniques is found to have unique concepts, procedures and challenges.
This paper presents an overview of two maintenance techniques widely discussed in the literature: time-based maintenance (TBM) and condition-based maintenance (CBM). The paper discusses how the TBM and CBM techniques work toward maintenance decision making. Recent research articles covering the application of each technique are reviewed. The paper then compares the challenges of implementing each technique from a practical point of view, focusing on the issues of required data determination and collection, data analysis/modelling, and decision making. The paper concludes with significant considerations for future research. Each of the techniques was found to have unique concepts/principles, procedures, and challenges for real industrial practise. It can be concluded that the application of the CBM technique is more realistic, and thus more worthwhile to apply, than the TBM one. However, further research on CBM must be carried out in order to make it more realistic for making maintenance decisions. The paper provides useful information regarding the application of the TBM and CBM techniques in maintenance decision making and explores the challenges in implementing each technique from a practical perspective.
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