•Being never or previously married relates to innate immunity, especially in males.•Unmarried older adults have higher plasma levels of amyloid-β40 and total tau.•Single older males have higher ...levels of all plasma neurodegeneration markers.•Immunity did not mediate the link between social health and global cognition.•Marital status and immunity interact to affect total brain volume in older age.
The immune system has been proposed to play a role in the link between social health and all-cause dementia risk. We explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between social health, immune system balance and plasma neurodegeneration markers in community-dwelling older adults, and explored whether the balance between innate and adaptive immunity mediates associations between social health and both cognition and total brain volume.
Social health markers (social support, marital status, loneliness) were measured in the Rotterdam Study between 2002–2008. Immune system cell counts and balance were assessed repeatedly from 2002 to 2016 using white blood-cell-based indices and individual counts (granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)). Plasma neurodegeneration biomarkers (amyloid-β40, amyloid-β42, total tau and neurofilament light chain) were measured once from blood samples collected between 2002–2008. Global cognitive function and total brain volume (MRI) were measured at the follow-up visit between 2009–2014. We used linear mixed models to study longitudinal associations and performed causal mediation analyses.
In 8374 adults (mean age 65.7, 57 % female), never married participants (n = 394) had higher GLR, PLR and SII compared to married peers at baseline and during follow-up, indicating imbalance towards innate immunity. Being never married was associated with higher plasma amyloid-β40, and being widowed or divorced with higher plasma total tau levels at baseline. Widowed or divorced males, but not females, had higher GLR, PLR and SII at baseline. Higher social support was associated with lower PLR in females, but higher PLR in males. Loneliness was not associated with any of the immune system balance ratios. Never married males had higher levels of all plasma neurodegeneration markers at baseline. Immune system balance did not mediate associations between social health and cognition or total brain volume, but does interact with marital status.
This study indicates that marital status is associated with blood-based immune system markers toward innate immunity and higher levels of plasma neurodegeneration markers. This is particularly evident for never married or previously married male older adults compared to married or female peers.
Brij Lal was mentored by Ken Gillion during the former’s doctoral work at the Australian National University in the late-1970s. The resulting thesis was a pathbreaking quantitative analysis of the ...45,439 North Indians who went to Fiji as indentured labourers between 1879 and 1916 – centering on such variables as the places of origin, their age, gender, marital status, caste, and family circumstances. 1 The much-reduced monograph that derived from the thesis is a thoroughgoing statistical profile that has stood the test of time and been a model for subsequent work. 2 So we can thank Ken Gillion for his part in the ‘making’ of Brij Lal. Gillion and Lal became good friends, each holding the other in high regard. I knew them both, Lal far better than Gillion. As will be seen, Lal and I have contrasting views on Gillion as a person and as a scholar. Bringing to bear my own observations dating back to 1973, the archival record and a reading of Gillion and Lal’s writings, I discuss the evolving relationship between these two major historians of Indo-Fijian indenture.
Marital status is a robust predictor of health outcomes in Western populations. However, data from Asian cultures remain sparse, and some studies suggest marked gender differences in the health ...benefits of marriage among Asian populations. We investigated the influence of marital status on depressive symptoms in older adult Koreans. Data were obtained from a sample of adults aged 45 to 85 years (4016 men, 5003 women) who participated in the 2006 cross-sectional baseline survey of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Depressive symptoms were measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale. A multiple regression model was used to examine the association between marital status and depressive symptoms, controlling for socioeconomic status, living arrangement, disability, and number of chronic diseases. In women aged 75 to 85 years, no significant differences were found between women who were married versus those who were widowed, divorced, or separated with regard to depressive symptoms. These findings were driven by increasing depressive symptoms among married women with age. Whereas divorced and widowed men in the sample reported higher rates of depressive symptoms than did married men, the difference between married vs. widowed/divorced women converged as they aged. This pattern of depressive symptoms by gender and life stage may reflect the distinctive influence of the Asian context on relations between men and women, such as traditional gender roles and patriarchal norms for older generation.
Amaç: Bu araştırmada yalnızlık ve olumsuz beden konuşmalarının duygusal yeme üzerindeki yordama gücü incelenmiştir. Ayrıca yalnızlık, duygusal yeme ve olumsuz beden konuşmalarının cinsiyet, eğitim ...durumu, beden kitle indeksi, psikolojik yardım alma ve vücudu değiştirme isteği değişkenleri bakımından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini, çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 510 yetişkin oluşturmaktadır. Korelasyonel araştırma modeline göre yapılan çalışmada yalnızlığı ölçmek için UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği Kısa Form, duygusal yeme düzeyini belirlemek için Türkçe Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği, olumsuz beden konuşmalarını belirlemek için Olumsuz Beden Konuşmaları Ölçeği ve Demografik Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi, Bağımsız Gruplar T testi ve ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda yalnızlık, olumsuz beden konuşmaları ve duygusal yeme arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Yalnızlık ve olumsuz beden konuşmalarının duygusal yemenin yordayıcısı olduğu bulunmuştur. Yalnızlık puanlarının medeni durum, psikolojik destek alma, vücudunu değiştirme isteği değişkenleri bakımından; duygusal yeme ve olumsuz beden konuşmaları puanlarının cinsiyet, medeni durum, psikolojik destek alma, vücudunu değiştirme isteği ve BKİ değişkenlerine göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Duygusal yeme, yalnızlık ve olumsuz beden konuşmaları bir arada inceleyen alanyazındaki nadir araştırmalardan biri olunacağından dolayı bu araştırmanın önemli olacağı düşünülmektedir. Mevcut araştırmada duygusal yeme, yalnızlık ve olumsuz beden konuşmaları değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesiyle alanda çalışan profesyonellere yol göstereceği düşünülmektedir.
Amaç: Bu araştırmada yalnızlık ve olumsuz beden konuşmalarının duygusal yeme üzerindeki yordama gücü incelenmiştir. Ayrıca yalnızlık, duygusal yeme ve olumsuz beden konuşmalarının cinsiyet, eğitim ...durumu, beden kitle indeksi, psikolojik yardım alma ve vücudu değiştirme isteği değişkenleri bakımından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini, çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 510 yetişkin oluşturmaktadır. Korelasyonel araştırma modeline göre yapılan çalışmada yalnızlığı ölçmek için UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği Kısa Form, duygusal yeme düzeyini belirlemek için Türkçe Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği, olumsuz beden konuşmalarını belirlemek için Olumsuz Beden Konuşmaları Ölçeği ve Demografik Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi, Bağımsız Gruplar T testi ve ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda yalnızlık, olumsuz beden konuşmaları ve duygusal yeme arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Yalnızlık ve olumsuz beden konuşmalarının duygusal yemenin yordayıcısı olduğu bulunmuştur. Yalnızlık puanlarının medeni durum, psikolojik destek alma, vücudunu değiştirme isteği değişkenleri bakımından; duygusal yeme ve olumsuz beden konuşmaları puanlarının cinsiyet, medeni durum, psikolojik destek alma, vücudunu değiştirme isteği ve BKİ değişkenlerine göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Duygusal yeme, yalnızlık ve olumsuz beden konuşmaları bir arada inceleyen alanyazındaki nadir araştırmalardan biri olunacağından dolayı bu araştırmanın önemli olacağı düşünülmektedir. Mevcut araştırmada duygusal yeme, yalnızlık ve olumsuz beden konuşmaları değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesiyle alanda çalışan profesyonellere yol göstereceği düşünülmektedir.
Although a relationship between marital status and mortality has long been recognized, no summary estimates of the strength of the association are available. A meta-analysis of cohort studies was ...conducted to produce an overall estimate of the excess mortality associated with being unmarried in aged individuals as well as to evaluate whether and to what degree the effect of marriage differs with respect to gender, geographical/cultural context, type of non-married condition and study methodological quality. All included studies were published after the year 1994, used multivariate analyses and were written in English. Pooling 53 independent comparisons, consisting of more than 250,000 elderly subjects, the overall relative risk (RR) for married versus non-married individuals (including widowed, divorced/separated and never married) was 0.88 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.85–0.91). This estimate did not vary by gender, study quality, or between Europe and North America. Compared to married individuals, the widowed had a RR of death of 1.11 (1.08–1.14), divorced/separated 1.16 (1.09–1.23), never married 1.11 (1.07–1.15). Although some evidence of publication bias was found, the overall estimate of the effect of marriage was robust to several statistical approaches and sensitivity analyses. When the overall meta-analysis was repeated with an extremely conservative approach and including eight non-significant comparisons, which were initially excluded because of data unavailable, the marriage protective influence remained significant, although the effect size was reduced (RR=0.94; 0.92–0.95). Despite some methodological and conceptual limitations, these findings might be important to support health care providers in identifying individuals “at risk” and could be integrated into the current programs of mortality risk estimation for the elderly.
Widowhood is a catastrophic event at any stage of life for the surviving partner particularly in old age, with serious repercussions on their physical, economic, and emotional well-being. This study ...investigates the association of marital status and living arrangement with depression among older adults. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the effects of factors such as socio-economic conditions and other health problems contributing to the risk of depression among older adults in India. This study utilizes data from the nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI-2017-18). The effective sample size was 30,639 older adults aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis have been performed to determine the prevalence of depression. Further, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to study the association between marital status and living arrangement on depression among older adults in India. Overall, around nine percent of the older adults suffered from depression. 10.3% of the widowed (currently married: 7.8%) and 13.6% of the older adults who were living alone suffered from depression. Further, 8.4% of the respondents who were co-residing with someone were suffering from depression. Widowed older adults were 34% more likely to be depressed than currently married counterparts AOR: 1.34, CI 1.2-1.49. Similarly, respondents who lived alone were 16% more likely to be depressed compared to their counterparts AOR: 1.16; CI 1.02, 1.40. Older adults who were widowed and living alone were 56% more likely to suffer from depression AOR: 1.56; CI 1.28, 1.91 in reference to older adults who were currently married and co-residing. The study shows vulnerability of widowed older adults who are living alone and among those who had lack of socio-economic resources and face poor health status. The study can be used to target outreach programs and service delivery for the older adults who are living alone or widowed and suffering from depression.
Sportovní aktivity nepochybně patří mezi významné faktory, kterými lze ovlivnit u jedinců vznik a rozvoj kardiovaskulárních onemocnění. Cílem tohoto příspěvku bylo zjistit, popsat a vyhodnotit ...souvislosti výše finančních prostředků vynakládaných občany ČR do sportovních aktivit v kontextu prevence a léčby kardiovaskulárních onemocnění v relaci se vzděláním, zaměstnáním a rodinným stavem respondentů. Výzkum byl realizován s využitím kvantitativní výzkumné strategie, pomocí nestandardizovaného dotazníku. Výzkumný výběrový soubor složený z 1 992 občanů ČR (937 mužů a 1 055 žen) svou strukturou odpovídal složení všech občanů ČR a vykazuje znaky reprezentativnosti z hlediska regionů (krajů), pohlaví a věku. Výsledky výzkumu prokázaly statisticky významné souvislosti mezi výší finančních prostředků vynakládaných obyvateli České republiky v průměru za měsíc do sportovních aktivit v kontextu prevence a léčby kardiovaskulárních onemocnění ve všech vybraných souvislostech. V souvislosti se vzděláním více do sportovních aktivit investují respondenti s vyšším, zejména pak vysokoškolským vzděláním, méně občané se základním vzděláním či vyučení. Ve vztahu k zaměstnání více do sportovních aktivit investují občané v zaměstnaneckém poměru a podnikatelé, méně naopak starobní a invalidní důchodci. V relaci s rodinným stavem více do sportovních aktivit investují svobodní, méně ovdovělí, což může být následkem i toho, že v České republice dochází ke změně struktury obyvatelstva. Tato zjištění poskytují zdravotnickým pracovníkům cenné informace prakticky využitelné pro zefektivnění zdravotního poradenství v oblasti vhodných pohybových aktivit v rámci jednotlivých úrovní prevence kardiovaskulárních onemocnění a zároveň poukazují na nutnost individuálního přístupu při sestavování praktických doporučení zejména ve vazbě na vzdělání, zaměstnání i rodinný stav jedinců.
Background: Due to significant comorbidity and impairment associated with cannabis use and cannabis use disorder, understanding time trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder is an important ...public health priority.
Objectives: To identify trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder overall, and by sociodemographic subgroup.
Methods: Narrative review of published findings on trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorders in data from repeated cross-sectional US general population surveys. In addition, in National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; 2002-2002) and NESARC-III (2012-2013) data, logistic regression was used to examine whether trends differed between subgroups of adults.
Results: The review showed that in adults, cannabis use increased over the past decade overall and within sociodemographic subgroups (gender, age, race/ethnicity, income, education, marital status, urbanicity, region, pregnancy status, disability status), with greater increases in men and disabled adults. Most sources also indicated significant increases in cannabis use disorders. New analysis showed significantly greater increases in adult cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in men (p ≤ .0001); young adults (p < .05); Blacks (vs. Whites, p < .01); low income groups (p < .001); never-married p ≤ .0001), and urban residents (p < .05). In adolescents, cannabis use generally decreased, although recent increases were observed in older and non-White adolescents.
Conclusion: Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder are increasing in adults, with specific sociodemographic groups at higher risk, and may be increasing in some adolescent subgroups. Studies should determine mechanisms for differential trends to provide information to policymakers and enable informed decisions on cannabis legalization and service planning.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
