•Origins of Blue Economy subjected to historical geographical analysis.•Ocean economy seldom conceptualised in its entirety by social scientists.•Long history of crisis tendencies in the ocean ...economy identified.•Contradictions of capitalist expansion give rise to Blue Economy Paradigm.•UNCLOS framework unable to solve contradictions of capitalism at sea.
Over the course of the past decade, the political economy of global ocean space has entered into a process of significant transformation. In this context, multilateral, corporate and financial attention dedicated to so-called ‘blue growth’ and ‘blue economy’ schemes has been extraordinary; consequentially spawning critical inquiries into the origins and motives behind these initiatives. Offering different analytical interpretations of contemporary blue economy politics, as well as their origins and effects, geographers have entered this debate with a strong focus on institutional discourses and policy agendas. Building on critical political economy of ocean space literatures, this paper emphasises instead the role of capital in appropriating and re-organising the seas according to its own needs. Our primary aim is to elucidate the territorial-economic tensions and geopolitical antagonisms that drive current trends by historicising the emergence of the Blue Economy Paradigm (BEP). The paper shows that a Procrustean political geography of ocean space increasingly poses a barrier to capitalist expansion.
Thèse dirigée par Marie-Vic Ozouf-Marignier (EHESS), soutenue devant un jury composé de : Maria Adélia Aparecida de Souza (Université de Sao Paulo), Jean-Marc Besse (EHESS), Marie-Claire Robic ...(CNRS), Marcella Schmidt di Friedberg (Université de Milan Bicocca) et Nicolas Verdier (EHESS). Résumé : Au tournant du xixe siècle, après avoir atteint les dernières latitudes et longitudes polaires, les scientifiques ont réussi à réaliser la cartographie générale de la Terre. Avec un tel acquis, l’ima...
This paper deals with the significance of traffic position of Sv. Andrija Island (Croatia; Eng. St Andrew Island) on Adriatic sailing routes. Numerous archeological findings and written historical ...sources indicate the importance of the route across the Adriatic from Monte Gargano on western Adriatic coast over Palagruža toward Sv. Andrija or Vis and finally to eastern Adriatic coast (and vice versa). As it could be expected, the main geographical objects of terrestrial navigation along this route were always presented on old geographic and navigational maps. Although it is a small island, Sv. Andrija was always presented on these maps, regardless of the map scale, and sometimes it was even made larger than it actually was. Such cartographic generalization, i.e. choice of items presented on the maps, indicate historical and geographical continuity of traffic valorization of Sv. Andrija and the whole eastern Adriatic maritime zone as it is obvious that geographers and cartographers of that time paid much attention to it.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This chapter is a global and comparative analysis of the Middle East and North Africa's environmental history. It argues that three distinct features—termed “eccentricities"—help to explain the ...particular environmental history of the region. These eccentricities are in the realms of water, grass, and energy. The eccentricities of the Middle East and North Africa with respect to water include both the obvious shortage of fresh water in much of the region, and the less-noticed distinct and beneficial geography of saltwater seas, gulfs, and bays. The eccentricity of grass in the region derives mainly from the fact that grasslands exist in a complex quilt pattern rather than in huge expanses. Finally, the eccentricities of energy in the Middle East and North Africa reside in the region's long reliance on biomass and animals, its minimal resort to coal, and its near-total refashioning in the age of cheap oil.
U članku se raspravlja o značenju geoprometnoga položaja otoka Sv. Andrija (Hrvatska) na jadranskim pomorskim rutama. Brojni hidroarheološki nalazi i pisana povijesna svjedočanstva govore o važnosti ...prekojadranskoga pravca od Monte Gargana na zapadnoj obali preko Palagruže prema Sv. Andriji ili Visu do istočne obale Jadrana (i obrnuto). Očekivano, glavni geografskih objekti terestričke navigacije duž navedenoga pomorskoga pravca redovito su prikazivani na starim geografskim i pomorskim kartama. Unatoč maloj površini Sv. Andrije, i taj je otok na kartama, s obzirom na mjerilo, redovito prikazivan, pa čak i preuveličavan. Takva kartografska generalizacija, odnosno sam izbor geografskog sadržaja ukazuje na povijesno-geografski kontinuitet prometne valorizacije Sv. Andrije, ali i cijeloga istočnojadranskoga akvatorija, kojemu onodobni geografi i kartografi s pravom pridaju veliko značenje.
This paper deals with the significance of traffic position of Sv. Andrija Island (Croatia; Eng. St Andrew Island) on Adriatic sailing routes. Numerous archeological findings and written historical sources indicate the importance of the route across the Adriatic from Monte Gargano on western Adriatic coast over Palagruža toward Sv. Andrija or Vis and finally to eastern Adriatic coast (and vice versa). As it could be expected, the main geographical objects of terrestrial navigation along this route were always presented on old geographic and navigational maps. Although it is a small island, Sv. Andrija was always presented on these maps, regardless of the map scale, and sometimes it was even made larger than it actually was. Such cartographic generalization, i.e. choice of items presented on the maps, indicate historical and geographical continuity of traffic valorization of Sv. Andrija and the whole eastern Adriatic maritime zone as it is obvious that geographers and cartographers of that time paid much attention to it.
Over recent decades, various governments have turned to the spatiality of the maritime realm in the pre-emptive policing of migration, deploying concentrated efforts of mobility regulation to ...territorial and extra-territorial seas. With and through this process of increased policing, the maritime has concurrently been expunged of frameworks of rights for migrants. This article explores the hollowing out of rights at sea and how it has allowed governments to use maritime environments and more broadly the condition of wetness as a means to hold migrants beyond the juridical order and administrative bodies of the state. This practice emerged in a discernible way in the United States in the early 1990s, when the Refugee Convention was ruled not to apply on the high seas. De-territorialising the maritime from the state's geography of protection allowed the US Government to re-territorialise the sea as a space of heightened policing. Similar strategies of de- and re-territorialising the sea subsequently developed in Australian policies of migration control. Through this, the maritime is used to contain migrants not only in a condition of partial rights and exaggerated policing, it is also used to relocate migrants, exposing a “disciplined mobility” that works through the sea. Interrogating these various legal renditions of the maritime exposes the carceral wet that has developed in migration regulation at sea.
Drawing on Jakarta, Metro Manila and Singapore as case studies, we explore the paradox of slow political action in addressing subsiding land, particularly along high-density urban coastlines with ...empirical insights from coastal geography, geodesy analysis, geology, and urban planning. In framing land subsidence as a classic ‘wicked’ policy problem, and also as a hybrid geological and anthropogenic phenomenon that is unevenly experienced across urban contexts, the paper uses a three-step analysis. First, satellite-derived InSAR maps are integrated with Sentinel-1A data in order to reveal the socio-temporal variability of subsidence rates which in turn pose challenges in uniformly applying regulatory action. Second, a multi-sectoral mapping of diverse policies and practices spanning urban water supply, groundwater extraction, land use zoning, building codes, tenurial security, and land reclamation reveal the extent to which the broader coastal governance landscape remains fragmented and incongruous, particularly in arresting a multi-dimensional phenomenon such as subsidence. Finally, in reference to distinct coastal identities of each city–the ‘Sinking Capital’ (Jakarta), ‘Fortress Singapore’, and the ‘Disaster Capital’ (Manila) the paper illustrates how land subsidence is portrayed across the three metropolises in markedly similar ways: as a reversible, quasi-natural, and/or a highly individualized problem.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Computational simulations suggest that future losses of tidal wetlands attributable to sea-level rise could be greatly offset by the landward advance of these ecosystems into newly sea-inundated ...areas.
•Impacts of Roman provincial governance on biological health have been underexamined.•Skeletal biomarkers are compared among senatorial/imperial, inland/coastal sites.•No significant differences are ...observed between imperial and senatorial sites.•Inland or coastal geography contributes to variation between archaeological samples.•Regional variation in palaeopathology highlights heterogeneity in eastern provinces.
The sociopolitical and biocultural impacts of Roman imperialism on eastern provincial and peripheral populations have been underexamined in archaeological and bioarchaeological research. While many western territories experienced arguably dramatic changes to local infrastructure and culture, eastern provinces were incorporated into the Empire with some modifications to, but general continuation of, political and societal organization. However, provincial governance varied across the Northeastern Mediterranean, with populations falling under senatorial or imperial jurisdiction. Drawing from published bioarchaeological data from 19 archaeological sites in Crete, Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey, this exploratory study examines skeletal and dento-alveolar proxies of stress, diet, and disease in light of a community’s political (senatorial or imperial province) and geographical (coastal or inland) positioning to evaluate impacts of Roman imperial rule. True (TPR) and crude (CPR) prevalence rates from childhood (linear enamel defects) and adult (antemortem fractures) stress markers, dietary proxies (carious lesions, calculus, and tooth loss), and specific (periodontal disease) and non-specific (periosteal new bone) bone lesions were compared within political (senatorial/imperial) and geographical (inland/coastal) groups. Results from Mann-Whitney U tests showed no significant differences in conditions between senatorial and imperial sites. Higher frequencies of pathological conditions were observed in inland than coastal communities but significant, or approaching significant, differences were only found in calculus distributions. These preliminary results suggest that communities in senatorial and imperial provinces did not experience prescriptive levels of stress based on governance. Rather, the heterogeneity in stress, diet, and disease proxies demonstrates how communities in the Northeastern Mediterranean were impacted differentially by Roman imperialism.
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