The study presented here stems from the interpretation of pop-art found in the work of Petr Rezek and Walter Biemel. According to these authors, we find in pop art procedures and forms linked with ...new types of art, such as film, the photograph, or comics, but without these works themselves being film, the photograph, or comics in the usual meaning of the word. The given form is instead reflected in these works. These authors similarly highlight that this is the case with the use of technology, which is used in pop art both on the level of content and in the form of production, and gives rise to the phenomenon of repetition. This repetition is not however the mere multiplication of things, but a reflection of technical reproduction itself. On the basis of both authors’ interpretations of pop art works, the study determines the moments that the phenomenology of mass art must explore. Specific emphasis is placed by the author on the transformation of our conception of the being of things. The solidity and impenetrability of things disappear and the medial, liquid moment of objects is accentuated. Both the thing and the work become a passage and a place of distribution. Our intentionality does not stop at the object itself, but is diverted further, to our own person in kitsch, to the human of flesh, to rational supercivilization, but alternatively to profit and commerce as well. Even though this character of mass culture is usually understood negatively in the phenomenological tradition, the author reaches the conclusion that what is presented in pop art is, instead of being a bad world, a different world.
"The Sixties." The powerful images conveyed by those two words have
become an enduring part of American cultural and political history.
But where did Sixties radicalism come from? Who planted the
...intellectual seeds that brought it into being? These questions are
answered with striking clarity in Andrew Jamison and Ron Eyerman's
book. The result is a combination of history and biography that
vividly portrays an entire culture in transition. The authors focus
on specific individuals, each of whom in his or her distinctive way
carried the ideas of the 1930s into the decades after World War II,
and each of whom shared in inventing a new kind of intellectual
partisanship. They begin with C. Wright Mills, Hannah Arendt, and
Erich Fromm and show how their work linked the "old left" of the
Thirties to the "new left" of the Sixties. Lewis Mumford, Rachel
Carson, and Fairfield Osborn laid the groundwork for environmental
activism; Herbert Marcuse, Margaret Mead, and Leo Szilard
articulated opposition to the postwar "scientific-technological
state." Alternatives to mass culture were proposed by Allen
Ginsberg, James Baldwin, and Mary McCarthy; and Saul Alinsky,
Dorothy Day, and Martin Luther King, Jr., made politics personal.
This is an unusual book, written with an intimacy that brings to
life both intellect and emotion. The portraits featured here
clearly demonstrate that the transforming radicalism of the Sixties
grew from the legacy of an earlier generation of thinkers. With a
deep awareness of the historical trends in American culture, the
authors show us the continuing relevance these partisan
intellectuals have for our own age. "In a time colored by
'political correctness' and the ascendancy of market liberalism, it
is well to remember the partisan intellectuals of the 1950s. They
took sides and dissented without becoming dogmatic. May we be able
to say the same about ourselves." -from Chapter 7
In this work, the performance of a vertical multiplate photobioreactor is analyzed and presented. The photobioreactor consisted of 20 vertical plates (1 m2 each) connected by manifolds and a working ...volume of 1300 L. The total area occupied (footprint) was 10 m2, while the illuminated area was 40 m2, therefore the ratio of illuminated area to volume ratio was about 30 m−1. The performance of the photobioreactor was evaluated using a culture of Synechocystis PCC 6803, circulated by a centrifuge pump. The results showed that the amount of light captured by the photobioreactor at a plate spacing of 0.5 m was 90.2 % of the light incident on the horizontal surface, while at a plate spacing of 1.0 m, 50.3 % was captured. The corresponding biomass yield, calculated based on the ground area occupied by the reactor, was 26.0 g m−2 day−1 and 7.2 g m−2 day−1, when the plates were spaced at 0.5 m and 1.0 m respectively. Therefore, the light conversion efficiency calculated based on the ground area was significantly higher in the configuration with a plate spacing of 0.5 m, reaching 5.43 % based on PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), and 2.44 % based on solar radiation, giving a value 3.7 higher than when the plates were spaced 1.0 m apart. It was concluded that the light conversion efficiency might be further improved by reducing the plate spacing while also reducing the culture light path.
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•A novel vertical PBR design for efficient production of microalgae is proposed.•The light conversion efficiency was higher when the plates were spaced 0.5 m apart.•The photobioreactor was successfully tested outdoors with a Synechocystis culture.•The photobioreactor can be easily converted for outdoor photobiological H2 production.
El presente artículo analiza la naturaleza del icono/ídolo contemporáneo en relación/ contraste con el icono tradicional. A partir del estudio comparativo entre ambos modelos encontramos aspectos que ...posibilitan ahondar en la condición de la imagen y del sujeto en la contemporaneidad. La superposición en la época presente del sujeto creador y del objeto creado permite atender el modo en que realidad e idealidad quedan solapadas hasta el punto de anularse la significación tradicional de la una y de la otra.
In the run-up to the recent financial crisis, an increasingly elaborate set of financial instruments emerged, intended to optimize returns to individual institutions with seemingly minimal risk. ...Essentially no attention was given to their possible effects on the stability of the system as a whole. Drawing analogies with the dynamics of ecological food webs and with networks within which infectious diseases spread, we explore the interplay between complexity and stability in deliberately simplified models of financial networks. We suggest some policy lessons that can be drawn from such models, with the explicit aim of minimizing systemic risk.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article presents a new model of culture in action. Although most sociologists who study culture emphasize its role in post hoc sense making, sociologists of religion and social psychologists ...tend to focus on the role beliefs play in motivation. The dual-process model integrates justificatory and motivational approaches by distinguishing between "discursive" and "practical" modes of culture and cognition. The author uses panel data from the National Study of Youth and Religion to illustrate the model's usefulness. Consistent with its predictions, he finds that though respondents cannot articulate clear principles of moral judgment, their choice from a list of moral-cultural scripts strongly predicts later behavior.
Disaster governance is an emerging concept in the disaster research literature that is closely related to risk governance and environmental governance. Disaster governance arrangements and challenges ...are shaped by forces such as globalization, world-system dynamics, social inequality, and sociodemographic trends. Governance regimes are polycentric and multiscale, show variation across the hazards cycle, and tend to lack integration and to be formulated in response to particular large-scale disaster events. Disaster governance is nested within and influenced by overarching societal governance systems. Although governance failures can occur in societies with stable governance systems, as the governmental response to Hurricane Katrina shows, poorly governed societies and weak states are almost certain to exhibit deficiencies in disaster governance. State-civil society relationships, economic organization, and societal transitions have implications for disaster governance. Various measures can be employed to assess disaster governance; more research is needed in this nascent field of study on factors that contribute to effective governance and on other topics, such as the extent to which governance approaches contribute to long-term sustainability.
In 1979 Oriana Fallaci published Un uomo, an autobiographical novel in which she tells her love story with Alexandros Panagulis, hero of the resistance to the regime of the Greek colonels. The book ...has a resounding and lasting success with the public, thanks to the narrative, stylistic and ideological peculiarities widely illustrated by Vittorio Spinazzola, Giovanna Rosa and Bruno Pischedda. Beyond its literary prerogatives, the success of the work is also linked to the author’s ability to grasp a series of suggestions already floating on the various levels of the Italian collective imagination since the end of the Sixties, and to express them with formidable effectiveness. In addition to literature, in fact, music, cinema and TV had also drawn on and spread different material from the ambiguous fascination exercised by the Greek colonels on Italian public opinion.
The present article highlights the rationale, potential and flexibility of tumor spheroid mono- and cocultures for implementation into state of the art anti-cancer therapy test platforms. Unlike ...classical monolayer-based models, spheroids strikingly mirror the 3D cellular context and therapeutically relevant pathophysiological gradients of in vivo tumors. Some concepts for standardization and automation of spheroid culturing, monitoring and analysis are discussed, and the challenges to define the most convenient analytical endpoints for therapy testing are outlined. The potential of spheroids to contribute to either the elimination of poor drug candidates at the pre-animal and pre-clinical state or the identification of promising drugs that would fail in classical 2D cell assays is emphasised. Microtechnologies, in the form of micropatterning and microfluidics, are also discussed and offer the exciting prospect of standardized spheroid mass production to tackle high-throughput screening applications within the context of traditional laboratory settings. The extension towards more sophisticated spheroid coculture models which more closely reflect heterologous tumor tissues composed of tumor and various stromal cell types is also covered. Examples are given with particular emphasis on tumor-immune cell cocultures and their usefulness for testing novel immunotherapeutic treatment strategies. Finally, tumor cell heterogeneity and the extraordinary possibilities of putative cancer stem/tumor-initiating cell populations that can be maintained and expanded in sphere-forming assays are introduced. The relevance of the cancer stem cell hypothesis for cancer cure is highlighted, with the respective sphere cultures being envisioned as an integral tool for next generation drug development offensives.
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