According to recent molecular phylogenetic studies the Papaver species belonging to P. sect. Argemonidium should be transferred in the genus Roemeria, and species of P. sect. Meconella should be ...treated as a distinct genus. Accordingly, the new genus Oreomecon is here established, seven new combinations are proposed and one name is typified. Furthermore, the correct names in Roemeria for the eleven, currently accepted, Papaver species in the Euro-Mediterranean area are provided, including nine new combinations.
The advent of machine learning‐based structure prediction algorithms such as AlphaFold2 (AF2) and RoseTTa Fold have moved the generation of accurate structural models for the entire cellular protein ...machinery into the reach of the scientific community. However, structure predictions of protein complexes are based on user‐provided input and may require experimental validation. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a versatile, time‐effective tool that provides information on post‐translational modifications, ligand interactions, conformational changes, and higher‐order oligomerization. Using three protein systems, we show that native MS experiments can uncover structural features of ligand interactions, homology models, and point mutations that are undetectable by AF2 alone. We conclude that machine learning can be complemented with MS to yield more accurate structural models on a small and large scale.
Integrating variable and non-dispatchable renewable power generation into existing power systems will have consequences for their operation and future expansion. These impacts will depend on two ...factors: (1) the variability of the total renewable power generation on different time scales and (2) the possibilities of accurately forecasting these fluctuations. In this paper, previous research on variability assessment and forecasting of solar, wind, wave and tidal energy resources is reviewed. The aim is to summarize the state of knowledge in each area and to compare the approaches used for the respective resources. For temporal variability, methods and models used for assessing the variability are surveyed, as well as what is known about the variability at individual sites and for larger aggregates of sites. For forecasting, an overview of forecasting methods for the different resources is made, and selected forecasting methods are compared over different time horizons. An important finding is that it is hard to draw strong conclusions from the existing studies due to differences in approaches and presentation of results. There is a need for further, more coherent studies that analyze the variability for the different resources in comparable ways, using data with the same resolution, and for studies that evaluate the smoothing effect and complementarity of combinations of several renewable energy resources. For forecasting, future research should suggest ways to evaluate forecasts from different renewable energy sources in easily comparable ways, using data from the same locations or regions, with the same temporal and spatial resolution, and with comparable metrics for the forecasting errors.
All‐polymer and paper‐based energy storage devices have significant inherent advantages in comparison with many currently employed batteries and supercapacitors regarding environmental friendliness, ...flexibility, cost and versatility. The research within this field is currently undergoing an exciting development as new polymers, composites and paper‐based devices are being developed. In this report, we review recent progress concerning the development of flexible energy storage devices based on electronically conducting polymers and cellulose containing composites with particular emphasis on paper‐based batteries and supercapacitors. We discuss recent progress in the development of the most commonly used electronically conducting polymers used in flexible device prototypes, the advantages and disadvantages of this type of energy storage devices, as well as the two main approaches used in the manufacturing of paper‐based charge storage devices.
Recent progress within the field of conducting polymer and cellulose‐based charge storage is reviewed with particular emphasis on the development of environmentally friendly, versatile and flexible paper‐based batteries and supercapacitors. The latter devices, which can be constructed from a few paper sheets, enable the realization of a range of new types of charge storage devices.
Multicomponent carbide thin films of (CrNbTaTiW)C (30–40at.% C) with different metal contents were deposited at different temperatures using non-reactive DC magnetron sputtering. The lattice ...distortion for the metal lattice was estimated to vary from about 3 to 5%. Most films crystallized in the cubic B1 structure but Ta/W-rich films deposited at 600°C exhibited a tetragonal distortion. X-ray diffraction results show that near-equimolar films exhibited a strong (111) texture. In contrast, Ta/W-rich films exhibited a shift from (111) to (100) texture at 450°C. The in-plane relationship was determined to MC(111)-12-1//Al2O3(001)110 with a lattice mismatch of about 11% along the Al2O3110 direction. A segregation of Cr to the grain boundaries was observed in all films. The microstructure was found to be the most important factor for high hardness. Less dense Nb-rich and near-equimolar films deposited at low temperatures exhibited the lowest hardness (12GPa), while very dense Ta/W-rich high temperature films were found to be the hardest (36GPa). No correlation was found between the lattice distortion and the hardness. Corrosion studies revealed that the multicomponent films exhibited excellent corrosion resistance, superior to that of a reference hyper-duplex stainless steel, in 1.0M HCl.
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•A novel multicomponent carbide ((CrNbTaTiW)C) has been deposited by magnetron sputtering.•Extremely hard multicomponent carbides can be deposited by tuning of the composition and deposition temperature.•The hardest film exhibits a tetragonal distortion of the fcc-based lattice not previously observed for carbides.•(CrNbTaTiW)C films show excellent corrosion resistance superior to commercially available hyper-duplex stainless steels.
In the current research, an innovative biomass-based energy system is proposed for power and desalinated water production. The plant's primary components consist of a gasifier, a compressor, a heat ...exchanger, a gas turbine, a combustion chamber, and a Multi-effect desalination with thermal vapor compression (MED-TVC) unit. A comprehensive thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessment is conducted on the proposed system. Besides, a parametric study is conducted to determine the effect of primary decision variables on the system performance. Multiple objective optimization using the multi-objective grey wolf optimizer (MOGWO) algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal solution with the highest exergy efficiency and the minimum amount of total cost rate. The artificial neural network (ANN) has an intermediary role in the optimization process to decrease computational time and enhance optimization speed. The relation between the objective function and decision variables is investigated, employing ANN to determine the energy system's optimum point. The generation rate for power and freshwater at the optimal point is equal to 5127 kW and 38.6 kg/s, respectively. Besides, the optimum value of the exergy efficiency and total cost rate are computed as 15.61% and 206.78 $/h, respectively. The results also revealed that the number of effects of the desalination unit does not affect the carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, the scatter distribution of the key decision variable indicates that the air compressor pressure ratio is not a sensible variable, and their optimum points are distributed across the entire domain.
•To propose a novel integrated biomass system for electricity generation.•To apply energy, exergy, and exergo-economic analysis of the system.•To apply a multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization to the proposed system.•To form a Perto curve to show cost and exergy efficiency objective functions.•Optimizing the plant utilizing artificial neural network (ANN) and MOGWO.
Qualitative content analysis and other ‘standardised’ methods are sometimes considered to be technical tools used for basic, superficial, and simple sorting of text, and their results lack depth, ...scientific rigour, and evidence. To strengthen the trustworthiness of qualitative content analyses, we focus on abstraction and interpretation during the analytic process. To our knowledge, descriptions of these concepts are sparse; this paper therefore aims to elaborate on and exemplify the distinction and relation between abstraction and interpretation during the different phases of the process of qualitative content analysis. We address the relations between abstraction and interpretation when selecting, condensing, and coding meaning units and creating categories and themes on various levels. The examples used are based on our experiences of teaching and supervising students at various levels. We also highlight the phases of de-contextualisation and re-contextualisation in describing the analytic process. We argue that qualitative content analysis can be both descriptive and interpretative. When the data allow interpretations of the latent content, qualitative content analysis reveals both depth and meaning in participants’ utterances.
Se evalúa el modelo de elevación digital (MED) del Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) empleando datos del MED LiDAR de INEGI como referencia en la cuenca del Papaloapan (~58 000 km2) en México. ...Se seleccionaron tres regiones representativas: 1) una región montañosa con pendientes fuertes y elevaciones superiores a los 3 000 m; 2) una región transicional con pendientes relativamente más suaves y elevaciones alrededor de 1 000 m, y 3) una planicie de inundación con terreno plano y elevaciones menores a los 100 m. La comparación directa entre ambos MED muestra valores de elevación muy similares en las regiones montañosa y transicional. Sin embargo, en la planicie de inundación, la regresión muestra una forma parabólica, y los errores son relativamente más altos, en términos del rango de elevación. Esto probablemente se debe a errores sistemáticos en SRTM muy cercanos a las elevaciones bajas. Los mapas de errores sugieren una fuerte asociación con cuerpos de agua y el aspecto. Por ejemplo, en la región transicional, la mayoría de los errores negativos se encuentran en pendientes orientadas al este, mientras que la mayoría de errores positivos están en pendientes orientadas al oeste. Se estimaron histogramas tridimensionales de errores vs. rasgos topográficos (elevación, pendiente y aspecto). Los histogramas sugieren un error sistemático, lo cual implica que el SRTM podría mejorar con una calibración simple al menos en los presentes casos. Las evaluaciones de MED públicos de diferentes fuentes en México se consideran necesarias para identificar sus fortalezas y debilidades. Estas evaluaciones podrían constituir la base para la creación de MED mejorados en el futuro, ya sea mediante simple calibración o mediante MED compuestos provenientes de fuentes múltiples.
Genomic data provide an excellent resource to improve understanding of retrovirus evolution and the complex relationships among viruses and their hosts. In conjunction with broad-scale in silico ...screening of vertebrate genomes, this resource offers an opportunity to complement data on the evolution and frequency of past retroviral spread and so evaluate future risks and limitations for horizontal transmission between different host species. Here, we develop a methodology for extracting phylogenetic signal from large endogenous retrovirus (ERV) datasets by collapsing information to facilitate broad-scale phylogenomics across a wide sample of hosts. Starting with nearly 90,000 ERVs from 60 vertebrate host genomes, we construct phylogenetic hypotheses and draw inferences regarding the designation, host distribution, origin, and transmission of the Gammaretrovirus genus and associated class I ERVs. Our results uncover remarkable depths in retroviral sequence diversity, supported within a phylogenetic context. This finding suggests that current infectious exogenous retrovirus diversity may be underestimated, adding credence to the possibility that many additional exogenous retroviruses may remain to be discovered in vertebrate taxa. We demonstrate a history of frequent horizontal interorder transmissions from a rodent reservoir and suggest that rats may have acted as important overlooked facilitators of gammaretrovirus spread across diverse mammalian hosts. Together, these results demonstrate the promise of the methodology used here to analyze large ERV datasets and improve understanding of retroviral evolution and diversity for utilization in wider applications.
Abstract
There has been a rapid rise in interest regarding the advantages of support materials to protect and immobilise molecular catalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO
2
RR) in ...order to overcome the weaknesses of many well‐known catalysts in terms of their stability and selectivity. In this Review, the state of the art of different catalyst‐support systems for the CO
2
RR is discussed with the intention of leading towards standard benchmarking for comparison of such systems across the most relevant supports and immobilisation strategies, taking into account these multiple pertinent metrics, and also enabling clearer consideration of the necessary steps for further progress. The most promising support systems are described, along with a final note on the need for developing more advanced experimental and computational techniques to aid the rational design principles that are prerequisite to prospective industrial upscaling.
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