•Programable fluid manipulation plays an important role in biomedical applications such as biochemical assays, medical diagnostics, and drug development.•In this paper, we summarize some latest ...studies that achieve programmable fluidic manipulation through capillaric circuits, biomimetic metasurface, surface wettability control.•We envision that microfluidics would continue bringing vast opportunities to biomedical fields and make contributions to human health.
Fluid manipulation plays an important role in biomedical applications such as biochemical assays, medical diagnostics, and drug development. Programmable fluidic manipulation at the microscale is highly desired in both fundamental and practical aspects. In this paper, we summarize some of the latest studies that achieve programmable fluidic manipulation through intricate capillaric circuits design, construction of biomimetic metasurface, and responsive surface wettability control. We highlight the working principle of each system and concisely discuss their design criterion, technical improvements, and implications for future study. We envision that with multidisciplinary efforts, microfluidics would continue to bring vast opportunities to biomedical fields and make contributions to human health.
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Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are reviewed. Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are broadly reviewed in terms of transduction elements, ...biorecognition elements, electrochemical techniques, and biosensor performance. Transduction elements are discussed in terms of electrode material and form factor. Biorecognition elements for pathogen detection, including antibodies, aptamers, and imprinted polymers, are discussed in terms of availability, production, and immobilization approach. Emerging areas of electrochemical biosensor design are reviewed, including electrode modification and transducer integration. Measurement formats for pathogen detection are classified in terms of sample preparation and secondary binding steps. Applications of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of pathogens in food and water safety, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and bio-threat applications are highlighted. Future directions and challenges of electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are discussed, including wearable and conformal biosensors, detection of plant pathogens, multiplexed detection, reusable biosensors for process monitoring applications, and low-cost, disposable biosensors.
•Comprehensive review of electrochemical biosensor-based pathogen detection.•Review of emerging electrodes for transduction of pathogen binding via electrochemical methods.•Discussion of emerging electrochemical biosensor designs, including flexible and wearable form factors.•Highlight of electrochemical biosensors for coronavirus detection.
•This paper provides imperative insights into the determination approaches in detection of critical biomarkers in stroke.•This study includes the latest biosensors related to stroke biomarkers.•We ...believe that this study will be very helpful in developing new methods for identifying critical biomarkers in stroke.
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), is the second global cause of death after cardiovascular diseases, accounts for 80–85% of cerebrovascular disease. Stroke diagnosis could be challenging in the acute phase. Detection of biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of diseases is essential for improving personalized treatment and decreasing mortality. At the present time, the absence of a broadly existing and rapid diagnostic test is an important limitation in the evaluation and treatment of diseases. The use of a biomarker-based diagnostic attitude has confirmed very valuable in acute coronary syndromes, which has been promoted in acute stroke to help early management decisions. Over the past decade, different detection procedures have developed for the assessment of human cardiac troponins (cTnI). This review emphasizes on summarizing optical, and electrochemical biosensors for the detection of cTnI, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a critical biomarker in stroke.
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•Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a major tool for imaging chemical elements in tissues.•Imaging of trace, minor or major elements with LIBS requires minor sample ...preparation.•Both endogenous and exogenous metal elements from the tissues are simultaneously detectable.•Tissue imaging with LIBS has straightforward applications for preclinical and medical studies.
Biological tissues contain various metal and metalloid ions that play different roles in the structure and function of proteins and are therefore indispensable to several vital biochemical processes. In this review, we discuss the broad capability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for in situ elemental profiling and mapping of metals in biological materials such as plant, animal and human specimens. These biological samples contain or accumulate metal species and metal-containing compounds that can be detected, quantified, and imaged. LIBS enables performing microanalysis, mapping and depth profiling of endogenous and exogenous elements contained in the tissues with a parts-per-million scale sensitivity and microscopic resolution. In addition, this technology generally requires minimal sample preparation. Moreover, its tabletop instrumentation is compatible with optical microscopy and most elements from the periodic table. Specifically, low- and high-atomic-number elements can be detected simultaneously. Recent advances in space-resolved LIBS are reviewed with various examples from vegetable, animal and human specimens. Overall, the performance offered by this new technology along with its ease of operation suggest innumerable applications in biology, such as for the preclinical evaluation of metal-based nanoparticles and in medicine, where it could broaden the horizons of medical diagnostics for all pathologies involving metals.
Smartphone Spectrometers McGonigle, Andrew J S; Wilkes, Thomas C; Pering, Tom D ...
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland),
01/2018, Letnik:
18, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Smartphones are playing an increasing role in the sciences, owing to the ubiquitous proliferation of these devices, their relatively low cost, increasing processing power and their suitability for ...integrated data acquisition and processing in a 'lab in a phone' capacity. There is furthermore the potential to deploy these units as nodes within Internet of Things architectures, enabling massive networked data capture. Hitherto, considerable attention has been focused on imaging applications of these devices. However, within just the last few years, another possibility has emerged: to use smartphones as a means of capturing spectra, mostly by coupling various classes of fore-optics to these units with data capture achieved using the smartphone camera. These highly novel approaches have the potential to become widely adopted across a broad range of scientific e.g., biomedical, chemical and agricultural application areas. In this review, we detail the exciting recent development of smartphone spectrometer hardware, in addition to covering applications to which these units have been deployed, hitherto. The paper also points forward to the potentially highly influential impacts that such units could have on the sciences in the coming decades.
In the dynamic landscape of biosensor technologies, the integration of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) into Field Effect Transistor (FET) biosensors has emerged as an intriguing and promising frontier. ...This review probes deeply into the realm of MoS2-based FET (MoS2-FET) biosensors, with a particular focus on their indispensable role in medical diagnostics. Commencing with an exploration of the distinctive physicochemical attributes of MoS2, accompanied by a succinct overview of diverse synthesis methodologies. It intricately analyses the synergistic interplay between MoS2 properties and their applicability in biosensing, highlighting its potential for highly effective biomolecular interfacing. Subsequently, the review extends its analysis to encompass the myriad applications of MoS2-FET biosensors, especially within the critical domain of medical diagnostics, spanning the past decade. Furthermore, it undertakes a critical evaluation of future prospects and lingering challenges encountered in the development and deployment of MoS2-FET biosensors, thereby shedding light on the transformative potential of MoS2-FET biosensors and charting a roadmap for future progress in the perpetual evolution of nanomaterial-based biosensing technologies.
•MoS2's layered structure, tunable band gap, and strength suit biosensors.•Biosensors are crucial for POC diagnostics, rapid tests and continuous monitoring.•MoS2-based FET biosensors excel in sensitivity, stability, and biocompatibility.•Innovations offer solutions to challenges impeding MoS2-FET biosensors.
Interest in sensors and their applications is rapidly evolving, mainly driven by the huge demand of technologies whose ultimate purpose is to improve and enhance health and safety. Different ...electromagnetic technologies have been recently used and achieved good performances. Despite the plethora of literature, limitations are still present: limited response control, narrow bandwidth, and large dimensions. MetaSurfaces, artificial 2D materials with peculiar electromagnetic properties, can help to overcome such issues. In this paper, a generic tool to model, design, and manufacture MetaSurface sensors is developed. First, their properties are evaluated in terms of impedance and constitutive parameters. Then, they are linked to the structure physical dimensions. Finally, the proposed method is applied to realize devices for advanced sensing and medical diagnostic applications: glucose measurements, cancer stage detection, water content recognition, and blood oxygen level analysis. The proposed method paves a new way to realize sensors and control their properties at will. Most importantly, it has great potential to be used for many other practical applications, beyond sensing and diagnostics.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (also called electrochemiluminescence and abbreviated ECL) has attracted much attention in various fields of analysis due to the potential remarkably high ...sensitivity, extremely wide dynamic range and excellent controllability. Electrochemiluminescence biosensor, by taking the advantage of the selectivity of the biological recognition elements and the high sensitivity of ECL technique was applied as a powerful analytical device for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecule. In this review, we summarize the latest sensing applications of ECL bioanalysis in the field of bio affinity ECL sensors including aptasensors, immunoassays and DNA analysis, cytosensor, molecularly imprinted sensors, ECL resonance energy transfer and ratiometric biosensors and give future perspectives for new developments in ECL analytical technology. Furthermore, the results herein discussed would demonstrate that the use of nanomaterials with unique chemical and physical properties in the ECL biosensing systems is one of the most interesting research lines for the development of ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensors. In addition, ECL based sensing assays for clinical samples analysis and medical diagnostics and developing of immunosensors, aptasensors and cytosensor for this purpose is also highlighted.
•ECL based biosensing assays developed for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecule.•ECL measuring technique applied for fabrication of aptasensors, immunosensors, genosensors and cytosensors.•Application of nanomaterials as emitters improved performances of ECL based sensing systems.•The application of ECL biosensors in real sample analysis and nanomedicine is discussed.•New advances of ECL based biosensors in clinical diagnostics is also highlighted.
Face image animation generates a synthetic human face video that harmoniously integrates the identity derived from the source image and facial motion obtained from the driving video. This technology ...could be beneficial in multiple medical fields, such as diagnosis and privacy protection. Previous studies on face animation often relied on a single source image to generate an output video. With a significant pose difference between the source image and the driving frame, the quality of the generated video is likely to be suboptimal because the source image may not provide sufficient features for the warped feature map.
In this study, we propose a novel face-animation scheme based on multiple sources and perspective alignment to address these issues. We first introduce a multiple-source sampling and selection module to screen the optimal source image set from the provided driving video. We then propose an inter-frame interpolation and alignment module to further eliminate the misalignment between the selected source image and the driving frame.
The proposed method exhibits superior performance in terms of objective metrics and visual quality in large-angle animation scenes compared to other state-of-the-art face animation methods. It indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method in addressing the distortion issues in large-angle animation.
Silica nanoparticles are versatile platforms with many intrinsic features, such as low toxicity. Proper design and derivatization yields particularly stable colloids, even in physiological ...conditions, and provides them with multiple functions. A suitable choice of dyes and synthetic strategy may, in particular, yield a very bright nanosystem. Silica nanoparticles thus offer unique potential in the nanotechnology arena, and further improvement and optimization could substantially increase their application in fields of high social and economic impact, such as medical diagnostics and therapy, environmental and food analysis, and security. This paper describes silica‐based, multicomponent nanosystems with intrinsic directional energy‐ and electron‐transfer processes, on which highly valued functions like light harvesting and signal amplification are based.
All aglow: Silica nanoparticles are extremely versatile platforms with unique potential in the nanotechnology arena. Further improvement of these materials will enable ambitious applications in fields of high social and economic impact.
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