Uvod: Nasilje pacientov nad zdravstvenimi delavci je ena izmed najbolj perečih težav, s katerimi se soočajo zdravstveni delavci. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti pojavnost ter oblike nasilnih vedenj, ...ki so jim izpostavljeni zdravstveni delavci na področju psihiatrije in nujne medicinske pomoči.
Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na neeksperimentalni kvantitativni metodi z nenaključnim priročnim vzorcem. Uporabljen je bil strukturirani vprašalnik Perception of Prevalence of Aggression Scale. Sodelovalo je 197 anketirancev. Raziskava je potekala od junija do oktobra 2015. Podatki so bili obdelani z deskriptivno statistiko, s faktorsko analizo – z metodo poševne rotacije OBLIMIN, z Mann-Whitneyevim testom in s Kruskal-Wallisovim testom.
Rezultati: Zaposleni v psihiatriji so pogosteje kot ostali anketiranci soočeni z manj ogrožajočim vedenjem (U = 2092,00, p = 0,008) in ogrožajočim vedenjem (U = 1685,50, p = 0,000). Anketirani z nižjo izobrazbo in zaposleni v izmenah so tisti, ki so nasilju bolj izpostavljeni. Ženske so v primerjavi z moškimi pogosteje soočene s spolnim nasilnim vedenjem (U = 3962,00, p = 0,033). Za obvladovanje nasilnega vedenja so anketirani nezadostno usposobljeni (x = 2,8, s = 1,186).
Diskusija in zaključek: Zaposleni v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah in enotah nujne medicinske pomoči se v raziskavi pogosto srečujejo z nasiljem. Potrebne bi bile raziskave, ki bi proučile povezanost usposabljanja s področja obvladovanja nasilnega vedenja pacientov na pojavnost nasilja nad zdravstvenimi delavci.
Well-being is one of the most important factors in whether nurses decide to remain in the nursing profession. This study aims to examine well-being and satisfaction among nurses working in Slovenian ...hospitals and to identify the related demographic factors.
This descriptive cross-sectional study uses standardised instruments. The sample included 640 nurses working in Slovenian hospitals. The difference between individual variables were analysed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Nurses self-assessed their satisfaction and well-being as moderate. Forty-seven per cent of nurses were satisfied with their job, 49% assessed their psychological well-being as good, 52% were often exposed to stress at the workplace and 30% were always exposed to stress at the workplace. Levels of job satisfaction (p=0.031), psychological well-being (p=0.029) and subjective well-being (p=0.014) were found to differ significantly according to level of education, while levels of job satisfaction (p=0.005), life satisfaction (p<0.001), psychological well-being (p<0.001) and subjective well-being (p<0.001) were also found to differ according to years of nursing service and from hospital to hospital (p<0.001).
The key finding of the study is that nurses are moderately satisfied with their work and life and that they display moderate levels of psychological and subjective well-being. Hospitals can be successful and achieve the goals of the organisation if their employees are satisfied with work and enjoy good levels of well-being. Hospital management have to recognise the importance of ensuring that nurses and other employees are satisfied and healthy.
Dojenje in tandemsko dojenje Katarina Merše Lovrinčević; Jurka Lepičnik Vodopivec
Obzornik zdravstvene nege,
03/2018, Letnik:
52, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Uvod: Tandemsko dojenje ali dojenje sorojencev je slabo poznan koncept. Matere, ki tandemsko dojijo, se srečujejo s socialno stigmo in slabo oporo s strani zdravstvenih strokovnjakov. Namen raziskave ...je bil proučiti znanje o tandemskem dojenju med študenti zdravstvenih ved. Metode: Uporabljen je bil kvantitativni eksplorativni neeksperimentalni raziskovalni dizajn. V priložnostni vzorec so bili vključeni študenti zdravstvene nege (n = 66) in dietetike (n = 24). Podatki so bili zbrani s strukturiranim vprašalnikom (Cronbach α = 0,914). Uporabljena je bila opisna statistika, test hi-kvadrat in analiza variance. Rezultati: Da je popolnoma fiziološko, da ženska prekine dojenje starejšega otroka, če rodi naslednjega otroka, meni 50,7 % (n = 36) žensk in 84,2 % (n = 16) moških (χ2 = 6,898, p = 0,009). Kaj je izključno dojenje v prvih šestih mesecih, ve 79,2 % (n = 19) študentov dietetike in le 54,5 % (n = 36) študentov zdravstvene nege (χ2 = 4,489, p = 0,034). Nepravilnost trditve, da dojenčki v primeru tandemskega dojenja težje pridobivajo telesno težo, je prepoznalo 86,3 % (n = 44) žensk in 13,7 % (n = 7) moških. Diskusija in zaključek: V raziskavo vključeni študentje so izkazali pomanjkljivo znanje tako o dojenju na splošno kakor tudi o tandemskem dojenju. V študijski program bi bilo treba vnesti več vsebin o dojenju.
Incivility among nurses and matrons can lead to various issues such as employment turnover and dysfunctional patient care. Therefore, the need to examine and assess the uncivil behaviors among nurses ...and matrons is evident. The main purpose of this article is to study and determine the frequency of incivility between nurses and matrons from nurses’ point of view.
In this cross-sectional study, 200 nurses were selected from three educational hospitals of Mashhad using stratified-cluster random sampling method. The main research instrument was the edited Ottinot’s questionnaire of “perceived workplace civility climate scale (PWCC)” as well as general demographic information questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 11.5.
According to research findings, 22.6% of isolating behaviors, 27% of gossiping behaviors, 28% of hostile behaviors, and 26.5% of privacy violation behaviors were reported among matrons for at least one instance. In total, 28.8% (45 persons) admitted that they had observed at least one instance of uncivil behaviors in workplace once or twice.
Incivility exists among a quarter of nurses and matrons. Since in nursing society and culture of Islamic Iran these behaviors cannot be tolerated, it is highly recommended that managers, strategists, and nursing teachers pay a special attention to such behaviors among students, employers, and co-workers
Nepristojno ponašanje u međusobnom odnosu medicinskih sestara i glavnih medicinskih sestara može da dovede do mnogih posledica, poput promene radnog mesta i neadekvatne nege bolesnika. Iz tog razloga, potreba za ispitivanjem i procenom nepristojnog ponašanja u međusobnom odnosu medicinskih sestara i glavnih medicinskih sestara je očigledna. Cilj ovog rada bio je da analizira i odredi učestalost nepristojnog ponašanja u odnosu između medicinskih sestara i glavnih medicinskih sestara sa stanovišta medicinskih sestara.
Za ovu studiju preseka odabrano je dvesta medicinskih sestara iz triju bolnica u Mashhadu pomoću stratifikovane kluster metode slučajnog uzorka. Osnovni instrument istraživanja bio je prilagođeni Ottinotov upitnik sa skalom za procenu pristojnosti na radnom mestu (PWCC skala), kao i upitnik o opštim demografskim podacima. Podaci su analizirani primenom deskriptivne i inferentne statistike, u SPSS programskom paketu, verzija 11.5.
Prema rezultatima istraživanja, u ponašanju glavnih medicinskih sestara identifikovano je 22,6% izolovanog ponašanja, 27% ogovaranja, 28% neprijateljskog ponašanja i 26% narušavanja privatnosti. Ukupno, 28,8% (45 osoba) je priznalo da su na radnom mestu primetili barem jedan oblik nepristojnog ponašanja jednom ili dva puta.
Nepristojno ponašanje je zabeleženo kod jedne četvrtine medicinskih sestara i glavnih medicinskih sestara. S obzirom da se u krugovima sestrinstva i islamske zajednice ovi oblici ponašanja ne mogu tolerisati, menadžerima, stratezima i nastavnicima se ozbiljno preporučuje da obrate pažnju na ovakve oblike ponašanja među studentima, zaposlenima i saradnic.
Uvod: Novoizšolanim medicinskim sestram in babicam je mnogo šol po svetu podeljevalo značko za nošenje na njihovi uniformi. Značke so različno poimenovane: šolske, sestrske, babiške ali diplomske ...značke. Cilj zgodovinske raziskave, katere namen je ohraniti védenje o tej naši kulturni dediščini, je bil ugotoviti, katere slovenske zdravstvene šole so značke podeljevale in kakšne so le-te bile.
Metode: Pisnih virov o tej temi skoraj ni, zato je bilo opravljenih 346 intervjujev z upokojenimi in aktivnimi medicinskimi sestrami, babicami, otroškimi negovalkami ali njihovimi svojci. Značke, ki jih še hranijo, so bile dokumentirane s fotografiranjem. Zbranih je bilo tudi nekaj arhivskih fotografij, na katerih je nošenje značk na uniformah dobro vidno. Raziskava je potekala od junija 2013 do decembra 2016.
Rezultati: V Sloveniji so vse nekdanje šole za medicinske sestre, babice in otroške negovalke vsem ob uspešno zaključenem šolanju poleg listine podelile tudi značko šole. Prve značke so bile podeljene leta 1925. Po reformi srednjega šolstva (1981/82) značk niso več podeljevali. Dokumentiranih je pet značk z različnimi simbolnimi motivi in njihove številne variante zaradi preimenovanja šol. Nekaj manj kot petina (19 %) intervjuvanih svojo značko še hrani.
Diskusija in zaključek: Značke so dokaz nastanka in razvoja zdravstvenih šol in so del slovenske zgodovine zdravstvene nege. Svoje mesto bi morale najti v muzeju, morda tudi v samostojnem muzeju zdravstvene nege, v kakršnih so hranjene drugod po svetu.
Iz originalnega zapisnika (Organizacija absolventk šol za sestre, 1927), ki ga hranimo v arhivu Zbornice zdravstvene in babiške nege Slovenije – Zveze strokovnih društev medicinskih sester, babic in ...zdravstvenih tehnikov Slovenije, beremo: »Dne 27. novembra 1927 se je vršil v zavodu za zaščito dece v Ljubljani ustanovni občni zbor Organizacije absolventk šole za sestre v Ljubljani. Udeležilo se ga je trinajst sester: sr. Arkova, sr. Češarkova, sr. Boškinova, sr. Grudnova, sr. Hočevarjeva, sr. Jazbinškova, sr. Kecljeva, sr. Kurentova, sr. Marinčičeva, sr. Revenova, sr. Štefančičeva, sr. Schiffrerjeva in sr. Vovkova.
Uvod: Prisilni ukrepi se v predbolnišničnem okolju pogosto uporabljajo. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati pojavnost in odnos reševalcev do prisilnih ukrepov.
Metode: Vprašalnik je izpolnilo 178 ...reševalcev. Vsi sklopi vprašalnika so dosegli primerno zanesljivost (Cronbach alfa > 0,8). Podatki so bili analizirani z opisno statistiko, t-testom, testom ANOVA in Pearsonovo korelacijo ob upoštevani statistični značilnosti p < 0,05.
Rezultati: S prisilnim ukrepom se je že srečalo 165 (92,7 %) reševalcev. Ženske reševalke se v primerjavi z moškimi reševalci počutijo manj varne (t = 3,243, p = 0,03) in se bolj strinjajo s posredovanjem policije (t = –0,572, p = 0,03). Na terenu se najpogosteje uporablja vezanje s policijskimi lisicami, tj. s t. i. vezicami (x = 3,30, s = 1,15). Agresija, usmerjena proti drugim (x = 4,22, s = 0,86), agresija, usmerjena proti sebi (x = 4,23, s = 0,76), in nemir (x = 3,23, s = 0,98) so najbolj upravičeni razlogi za uporabo prisilnih ukrepov. Reševalci menijo, da potrebujejo več znanja s tega področja (x = 3,90, s = 1,01).
Diskusija in zaključek: Reševalci navajajo podobne vzroke za uporabo prisilnih ukrepov, kot jih v že predhodnih raziskavah navajajo zaposleni v bolnišnicah. Toda mnenje reševalcev o uporabi teh sredstev je negativno, z njihovo uporabo se v večji meri strinjajo samo v primeru pacientov z agresivnim vedenjem. Pri svojem delu se reševalci počutijo ogrožene. Glede uporabe prisilnih ukrepov potrebujejo usposabljanje in izobraževanje.
Higher nursing workload increases the odds of patient deaths, as the work environment has a significant effect on patient outcomes. The aim of the study was to explore the relation between patient ...outcomes and nurses' working conditions in hospitals.
Administrative data on discharges of surgical patients for the year 2019 in eight general hospitals and two university medical centres in Slovenia were collected to determine in-hospital mortality within 30 days of admission. The RN4CAST survey questionnaire was used to gather data from nurses in these hospitals, with 1,010 nurses participating. Data was collected at the beginning of 2020. The number of nurses per shift and the nurse-to-patient ratio per shift were calculated. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyse the data.
The 30-day in-hospital mortality for surgical patients was 1.00% in the hospitals sampled and ranged from 0.27% to 1.62%. The odds ratio for staffing suggests that each increase of one patient per RN is associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of a patient dying within 30 days of admission. The mean patient-to-RN ratio was 15.56 (SD=2.50) and varied from 10.29 to 19.39. Four of the 13 tasks checked were not performed on patients during the last shift.
The results are not encouraging, with an extremely critical shortage of RNs and thus a high RN workload. The number of patients per RN is the highest in Europe and also higher than in some non-European countries, and represents an extreme risk to the quality of nursing and healthcare as a whole. The recommendation for acute non-emergency internal medicine and surgery departments is four patients per RN per shift.
Uvod: Nove psihoaktivne snovi so dokaj neraziskane in predstavljajo velik problem za našo družbo. Problem uživanja novih psihoaktivnih snovi se pojavlja v vseh starostnih skupinah, tudi med študenti. ...Namen raziskave je bil raziskati uporabo, odnos in poznavanje novih psihoaktivnih snovi med študenti.
Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na deskriptivni metodi kvantitativnega raziskovanja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 311 študentov z dveh fakultet, ki izvajata študij zdravstvene nege, in fakultete s področja pedagoških poklicev. Podatki so bili obdelani s pomočjo deskriptivne, univariatne, bivariatne in multivariatne statistike.
Rezultati: Najbolj poznane nove psihoaktivne snovi so nekoliko starejše, kot so ekstazi (n = 26, 7,2 %), spid oziroma amfetamin (n = 26, 7,2 %) in LSD (n = 15, 4,06 %). Med fakultetami obstajajo razlike v poznavanju novih psihoaktivnih snovi (χ2(2) = 8,629, p = 0,013). Odnos do drog je med anketiranci večinoma pretirano kritičen ali moralističen. Nove psihoaktivne snovi uživa več kot desetina anketirancev (n = 42, 13,5 %). Anketiranci, ki uživajo drogo, večinoma prihajajo iz vaškega okolja (n = 29, 69,04 %), so kadilci (n = 33, 78,57 %) in uživajo alkoholne pijače (n = 37, 95,24 %).
Diskusija in zaključek: Za splošno poznavanje novih psihoaktivnih snovi so študentje premalo poučeni. Raziskava je pokazala potrebo po dodatnih izobraževanjih.
Abstract Introduction Despite the high prevalence of malnutrition in patients at all levels of healthcare, early prevention and treatment of malnourished patients are often neglected and overlooked ...in clinical practice. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify the factors considered most important by healthcare professionals in the identification and treatment of malnourished patients or those at risk of malnutrition. Methods A systematic literature review of qualitative research was conducted. Documents published in scientific journals in English from 2011 to 2021 were searched in the PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL and ProQuest databases. The results were analysed with a thematic analysis of qualitative research findings. Results From the search set of 1010 results, 7 sources were included in the final analysis. Factors identified by health professionals as important in the identification and treatment of malnourished patients in clinical practice were grouped into five themes: unclear organizational structure; indefinite structure of nutritional care; poor continuity of nutritional care; lack of knowledge and skills of health professionals; lack of time and human resources. Conclusions Health policy must provide resources for nutritional care for patients at all levels of health care on the initiative of the highest professional bodies at the state level. To improve the nutritional care of patients in clinical practice, the management of health care institutions must promote and enable the professional and organizational establishment of clinical nutrition as a regular medical activity of the institution, develop clinical nutritional pathways, and promote evidence-based clinical practice and interprofessional collaboration.
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