Although the lion’s share of scholarship in management and organization studies conceives of organizations as entities within which communication occurs, “Communication Constitutes Organization” ...(CCO) scholarship has attracted interest because it makes a productive reversal, that is, by asking how organization happens in communication. Over the past decade, Organization Studies has become the key scholarly outlet for CCO thinking in the management and organization studies field. Accordingly, in this paper we discuss seven articles that have appeared in this journal as evidence of the perspective’s centrality. We first situate CCO theorizing within the linguistic turn, and position CCO with respect to other lines of scholarship underwritten by a rich conception of language and discourse. We examine the varied ways CCO thinking has found organization in communication, locating in the seven articles productive tensions between the process of communication, on the one hand, and organization, organizing, and organizationality, on the other. We contribute to CCO scholarship with reflections on these three theoretical orientations and provide a set of possibilities for its further development.
Can mouth movements shape attitudes? When people articulate different consonants (e.g., B or K) they press the tongue and the lips against various spots in the mouth. This allows for construction of ...words that feature systematic wanderings of consonantal stricture spots either from the front to the rear (inward; e.g., BENOKA) or from the rear to the front (outward; e.g., KENOBA) of the mouth. These wanderings of muscular strictures resemble the oral kinematics during either deglution (swallowing-like, inward movement) or expectoration (spitting-like, outward movement). Thus, we predicted that the articulation of inward and outward words induces motivational states associated with deglutition and expectoration-namely, approach and avoidance-which was tested in 9 experiments (total N = 822). Inward words were preferred over outward words, being labeled as nonsense words (Experiments 1, 4, 5, 6, and 9), company names (Experiment 2), or person names (Experiments 3, 7, and 8), with control words falling in between (Experiment 5). As a social-behavioral consequence, ostensible chat partners were more often chosen to interact with when having inward compared to outward names (Experiment 7). The effect was found in German-speaking (Experiments 1-5) and English-speaking (Experiment 6) samples, and it occurred even under silent reading (all experiments) and for negatively labeled targets (names of villains; Experiment 8). Showing articulation simulations as being the causal undercurrent, this effect was absent in aphasia patients who lacked covert subvocalizations (Experiment 9).
According to conceptual metaphor theory, individuals are thought to understand or express abstract concepts by using referents in the physical world-right and left for moral and immoral, for example. ...In this research, we used a modified Stroop paradigm to explore how abstract moral concepts are metaphorically translated onto physical referents in Chinese culture using the Chinese language. We presented Chinese characters related to moral and immoral abstract concepts in either non-distorted or distorted positions (Study 1) or rotated to the right or to the left (Study 2). When we asked participants to identify the Chinese characters, they more quickly and accurately identified morally positive characters if they were oriented upright or turned to the right and more quickly and accurately identified immoral characters when the characters were distorted or rotated left. These results support the idea that physical cues are used in metaphorically encoding social abstractions and moral norms and provided cross-cultural validation for conceptual metaphor theory, which would predict our results.
The raw and the (over)cooked Ashby, Travis; Lizardo, Omar; Stoltz, Dustin S. ...
Metaphor and the social world,
04/2024, Letnik:
14, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract Researchers have long recognized the role of metaphor in conceptualizing states. We contribute to research on the conceptualization of state concepts in two ways. First, we identify a ...not-yet-recognized metaphor system commonly used to conceptualize states: states are physical qualities . We contend that states are physical qualities is an elaboration of the image-schematic states are locations metaphor, with a higher degree of specificity, affording entailments not supported by states are locations . After introducing the physical qualities metaphor system, we examine the function of states are physical qualities in the social world, finding that people use it to evaluate objects across many domains. Specifically, there is a significant distinction between two prototypical physical qualities – processed and unprocessed – used to conceptualize socially salient state differences, with “cooking” as the prototypical form of processing. Particularly in the domain of aesthetic evaluation, this is seen in the metaphor authentic is unprocessed . In practical domains such as sports and science, this is seen in the metaphor developed is processed . In all these cases, the evaluation of people and objects is grounded in the perception of their states, comprehended as physical qualities.
This Homeric metaphor and that of the scales of Zeus both express precariousness between two possible outcomes through the conceptual metaphor 'physical imbalance is uncertainty', but they highlight ...different aspects fitting to their communicative purpose.
In the contexts of language learning and music processing, hand gestures conveying acoustic information visually influence perception of speech and non-speech sounds (Connell et al., 2013; Morett & ...Chang, 2015). Currently, it is unclear whether this effect is due to these gestures' use of the human body to highlight relevant features of language (embodiment) or the cross-modal mapping between the visual motion trajectories of these gestures and corresponding auditory features (conceptual metaphor). To address this question, we examined identification of the pitch contours of lexical tones and non-speech analogs learned with pitch gesture, comparable dot motion, or no motion. Critically, pitch gesture and dot motion were either congruent or incongruent with the vertical conceptual metaphor of pitch. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that identification accuracy increased for tones learned with congruent pitch gesture and dot motion, whereas it remained stable or decreased for tones learned with incongruent pitch gesture and dot motion. These findings provide the first evidence that both embodied and non-embodied visual stimuli congruent with the vertical conceptual metaphor of pitch enhance lexical and non-speech tone learning. Thus, they illuminate the influences of conceptual metaphor and embodiment on lexical and non-speech auditory perception, providing insight into how they can be leveraged to enhance language learning and music processing.
The present study explores the role of language in establishing the lateral space-valence mappings in mind. According to the body specificity hypothesis, regardless of linguistic and cultural ...conventions, “goodness” in people's minds is associated with the body's dominant side. The current study explores the language's influence on conceptualizing spatial metaphors by comparing two right-handed groups with similar cultural experiences but different language patterns. We used a computer-based task to compare the conceptual mappings between the right/left sides of space and emotional valence in Persian speakers and Persian Sign language users. Our result showed that right-handed Persian speakers strongly relate positive emotions to the right side and negative emotions to the left. This result is predictable by the effects of both linguistic and bodily experiences that are consistent in this case. However, in the case of Persian Sign language users, the bodily and linguistic experiences disagreed. Our finding showed that Sign language participants disregarding their bodily experiences, followed their linguistic patterns.
•Persian Sign language, contrary to Persian, does not relate the lateral space to valence.•When body and language are congruent, participants will follow the mutual pattern.•When body and language disagree, people prefer their language patterns over bodily experiences.•Language patterns make a significant contribution to the space-valence association in mind.
In this sense, Dhuoda's Manual, didactic in nature, served not only as a model for noble living, but significant, as a "mirror" into which her exiled son William could gaze to measure the state of ...his own soul.1 Indeed, it is the Manual as a reflection of spiritual preparedness that seems to be always uppermost in Dhuoda's mind, the didactic element it shares with other contemporary Carolingian specula principum such as Jonas' De institutione regia and De institutione laicali.2 Yet, in determining the influence of monastic and ascetic sources, one element of Dhuoda's Liber manualis is of special significance; that is, its function reflecting, as it were, the health or sickness of the soul. The commonality of expression and theme becomes apparent in the following comparative analysis (next page).7 As is readily apparent, both authors, refer to their respective texts as libelli or little books; both compare their libelli to mirrors, employing similar expressions. Dhuoda's et speculum in inquo salute animae tuae indubitanter possis, closely parallels Augustine's in hoc libello tamquam in speculo possitis inspicere. ...in both the Praeceptum s. Augustini and the Liber manualis, the reader is encouraged to read the text often. ...while Pierre Riché has demonstrated Dhuoda's close dependency on Augustine's other writings, the Regulum s. Augustini emerges as a hitherto unexplored source that affords a rare look into the sources of Dhuoda's unique and intensely personal spirituality.9 The Rule of St. Benedict and the Liber manualis If Dhuoda's
This paper discusses the role that culture plays in the configuration of one of the most crucial meaning mechanisms in cognitive linguistics, namely conceptual metaphors, which are defined as ...mappings between two different conceptual domains. These mappings are embodied, that is, grounded in our sensorimotor, cultural, and social experience of the world around us. This paper argues that culture is a key concept for the explanation of how conceptual metaphors emerge from our knowledge structures. It proposes the need of a culture sieve that manipulates culture elements in two ways. On the one hand, it “filters” those elements that are in accordance with the premises of a given culture, and on the other, it “impregnates” the mapping with touches of a culture in contrast with other cultural and social systems. The paper is divided in two main parts: First, an overview of the relationship between metaphor, embodiment and culture in cognitive linguistics is provided. Second, the importance of the culture sieve is illustrated with two case studies from two popular conceptual domains in metaphor studies: perception and body-parts.
METAFORIZACE JAKO REAUTORIZACE ZKUŠENOSTI Chrz, Vladimír; Čermák, Ivo; Štěpánek, Petr ...
Československá psychologie,
11/2019, Letnik:
63, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Metaphor is conceived as a tool of a new inside and an externalization of unconscious capacity and tendencies, particularly in psychological praxis. The aim of present study is to develop this idea ...into original approach to metaphor as a tool of reauthorization. Unclear concept of expression in therapeutic approach of expressive writing is critically reflected. Alternative approach to expression based upon Nelson Goodman theory, in which an expression is articulated as metaphorically grounded, is discussed. Approach of metaphorical expression is then illustrated through analysis and interpretation of polytraumatized girl diaries. Metaphorical exp,ression thus serves as a reauthorization of girl's unbearable traumatic experience. Metaphor in the service of authentic experiencing, experiencing "from inside", becomes a tool of reauthorization, i.e. tool of participating and reflecting relation to external and internal world.
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