Metaphors have had an important role to play in the theory and practice of epidemiology. Some well-known examples include “black boxes,” the “web of causation,” “shoe-leather epidemiology,” the ...“ivory tower” and the ubiquitous “gold standard.” Metaphors like these do not replace methods or principles but rather like memes can spark a creative response and thoughtful reflection. In this paper, I bring to the attention of epidemiologists a metaphor that originated forty years ago in a paper describing and explaining measures of disease incidence. The authors wrote about a “sea of population time” to represent how incident disease events—specifically, incidence density measures— occur in the two-dimensional space of person-time. A “sea of population time” or “sea of person time” seems ideally suited as a metaphor for creative and thoughtful development in epidemiology. The vast and varied characteristics of oceans provide a plethora of ideas that can potentially help us to think more deeply about the role and responsibilities of epidemiologists. As an example, consider the notion that epidemiologists' journey across this sea in their methodologically-laden and concept-heavy fishing boats searching for the causes of disease. At the same time, epidemiologists live in the sea itself subject to and thus at risk of all the same diseases that affect human populations. Storms on this imaginary sea could sink our boats causing us to rethink conceptual and methodological frameworks. Here I provide in lyric form examples that explore what might exist behind the sea of person time and on its shores.
The study investigates the concept of authenticity empirically as constructed by Chinese tourists when they visit tourist attractions in Russia with distinct ethnic or local attributes. The corpus of ...tourists’ reviews has been examined, using a corpus-assisted methodology supported by Wmatrix. A linguistic level of authenticity representation appears to be only a source domain for the conceptual construction of authenticity. Chinese tourists reflect on outer ‘objective’ attributes of authenticity to construct an authenticity of another type. These mental constructs are organized based on the primary ontological and spatial experience. Semantic categories serve as a conceptual source domain that organizes a target domain. The findings show a Chinese tourist conceptualizes authenticity through the metaphors of primary experience, including time-space orientation — PLACE IS A FAR DISTANCE, PAST IS BACK, GOOD IS UP and an ontological metaphor — A TOURED OBJECT IS A CONTAINER. The content of a container is qualified and quantified through a conceptual metaphor of AUTHENTICATING IS LEARNING A CONTAINER. A container is qualified as THE SUPERNATURAL IS A MAGIC PERSON and quantified by a conceptual metaphor UNUSUAL IS LESS.
The questions of classification of political metaphors are considered. This classification is necessary for the analysis of the data of sociological survey, which was conducted by the team of ...Smolensk University in 2022 in regions of Russia. The study of the reputational image of power (respondents' answers to the questions: “How would you draw the reputational image of Russian / regional power?”) problematizes the principles of classification. The relevance of the study in working out the diagnosis of the reputational image of power. The novelty of the study is that the analysis was conducted on the basis of folk metaphorization, rather than professional political discourse, which researchers of political metaphorology and political semantics usually deal with. The empirical material for the problematization of the classification was the results of the sociological survey 2021, which included similar questions. The classification of power metaphors on the basis of major philosophical categories and structural relationships (space/time; living/artificial; human/nature/society) is presented, as such principle allows capturing the real diversity and multidimensionality of figurative likenesses proposed by respondents. The results of the study of folk metaphorization adjust the existing classifications of power metaphors, do not fully coincide with the known classifications of metaphorical models of power, also adjust the ideas about the popularity of typical metaphorical models.
This study discusses the conceptualization of metaphors in the discourse of the Bali G20 Summit using cognitive semantic theory. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the types and ...meanings of metaphors and create a semantic network to see the relationship of meanings with one another. This research is included in the descriptive qualitative research. The source of metaphor data comes from online mass media. The method used in data collection is the simak method, with the note-taking technique as the primary technique, and the data analysis method uses the distribution method with advanced techniques for natural elements (BUL). The results showed three types of metaphors, namely three structural, two orientational, and five ontological metaphors. Based on the metaphorical mapping between the source domain and the target domain of the image scheme, namely the identity of the suitability feature matching; space with features Up-Down, Front-Back, Left-Right, Near-far, Center-Periphery, Contact; force strength with the characteristics of balance, state of existence characteristic of an object, cycle, and process, limited space bounded space. Cognitive roles influence the conceptualization of metaphors in the discourse of the Bali G20 Summit. The meaning of the metaphor is reflected based on different thoughts and experiences in the context of the sentence. The linkage of meaning between one meaning and another can be connected through synonymous meaning relations in a semantic network.
Abstract
The present longitudinal study investigates how the entailments of
war
metaphors evolve in different
stages of COVID-19 containment in China using data from three documentaries made by ...Xinhua News Agency. A social semiotic model of
multimodal metaphor analysis is adopted to analyze the military metaphors systematically in terms of semantic choice, multimodal
realization, and context. The
war
framing is found as the pivotal rhetoric to conceptualize China’s response toward
COVID-19 but distinctive features are attributed over time with a focus shifting from the “inevitability” in the initial stage to
societal reactions in the later stage. In addition, socio-cultural factors embodied in multimodality not only efficiently guide
the public to reason about the situation but also socialize the population to self-disciplining for the sake of everyone’s
interest.
Maulana Jalal ud Din Muhammad bin Muhammad Rumi was a famous poet, Sufi and literary personality of middle ages. He was jurist, poet, philosopher and famous orator of seventh century. He wrote many ...books about Quranic interpretation, Hadith, Fiqh, Sufism and other religious topics. He also versed poetry books about Sufism. One of his best works is his world famous book “Masnavi Maulana Room”. This book is in Persian language and about Sufi thoughts. He has used different metaphors and similes in his work to make people of his age understand what he want to say and preach. After studying Masnavi of Maulana Room, it appears that most of his work relates to Holy Quran and Hadith e Nabvi (PBUH). He works on the method of metaphors, parables and similes. He elaborates difficult meanings of Holy Quran very comprehensively in terms of metaphors. In his work metaphors form Holy Quran are taken widely.
The discipline of marketing uses many metaphors. Historically, the dominant metaphors in marketing strategy have been adapted from warfare and military science. The purpose of this conceptual article ...is to analyze and evaluate commonly used warfare metaphors in marketing strategy. A cross-domain comparison of these metaphors and conceptualizations of war are assessed to determine whether they are still appropriate in light of the advancements in both military science and marketing theory. The analysis found that there are many fundamental and questionable differences between these two domains; therefore, a new conceptual metaphor for marketing strategy is proposed.
The long history of mass communication theories is full of metaphors, from Shannon and Weaver’s ‘transmission channel’ to Noelle-Neumann’s ‘spiral of silence’. The objective of the chapter is to give ...an overview of the use of metaphors and models in mediatized communication studies. Special attention is given to the metaphors that support the representations of digital and interactive communication practices; in this context, the chapter deals with the metaphors of the Internet, the World Wide Web, and new platforms and introduces the main metaphors of media change. The chapter concludes with a series of reflections on the risks and benefits of metaphorical reasoning and includes a call for ‘metaphorical experimentation’.
In Orientational Conceptual Metaphor, a system of ideas is organized in the relation and interaction in space like up-down, in-out, front-back, on-off, deep-shallow, central-peripheral. Lakoff and ...Johnson (1980) called this group of metaphors “Orientational,” because they give a concept a spatial orientation: in the example, “happy is up,” the concept happy is oriented up leading to English expressions like “I’m feeling up today.” Such metaphorical orientations have a basis in our physical and cultural experience, thus they vary from culture to culture. Drawing on this theoretical and methodological framework, this paper argues for the existence of Orientational Metaphors in Neo-Assyrian sources, which are largely attested in textual and visual references concerning the relationships between king and subjects.
This paper reports on the findings of a study that aimed at investigating the conceptual metaphors used in the Arabic subtitling of 150 English TV series (1982-2017), adopting Conceptual Metaphor ...Theory (CMT) proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) for data analysis. The data were examined by using WordSmith Tools (Scot 2012) which is compatible with Arabic data. The study revealed that the most frequently used source domains in the corpus were journey, building, war, illness, plants, and machine, respectively; whereas, the least frequently used source domains were body parts, game, water, supernatural creatures, fabrics, fire, and light, respectively. Besides, the most commonly used type of conceptual metaphor is structural metaphor. The study concluded that the vast majority of metaphorical expressions are lexicalized and conventional to make the subtitling easily accessible to the reader. The study recommends that future studies be conducted on the translation strategies adopted in subtitling English metaphors into Arabic.
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