En la comunicación cotidiana se puede observar que el nivel léxico-semántico ligaa la aerostación, la aviación y la astronáutica en una relación de continuidad debase analógica. Esta conexión se ...funda, en primer lugar, por procesos de trasvaseterminológico de las respectivas técnicas y, luego, en la adopción social de las unidadesléxicas de origen técnico, por el empleo de metáforas para explicar la nuevarealidad. De esta manera, el análisis léxico muestra que aerostación, aviación yexploración espacial son concebidas socialmente y expresadas lingüísticamentecon expresiones que remiten a la idea de navegación marítimo.
The study aims to investigate the influence of persuasive metaphorical communication on citizens’ attitude, attachment and adoption of digital services based on the government’s logo and tag line in ...a campaign to promote digitization. The hierarchy of effects model is used to determine the effectiveness of metaphorical communication for the digitization campaign. Structural equation modelling is used on a sample of 301 Indian citizens. The results show that the hierarchy of effects approach is supported by the data. Emotional attachment has a mediating effect on citizens’ attitude towards the campaign and their intention to adopt the services. The moderating effect of gender is also found to be significant. Further, it is seen that professionals are more involved with the metaphorical campaign than students. Therefore, policymakers may consider the greater use of metaphors in their strategy for publicity of welfare schemes and as a tool for propagating socially and economically relevant messages. The paper contributes to the effectiveness of persuasive communication in emerging economies’ government campaigns.
Conceptual metaphors play a pivotal role in understanding different aspects of life. One of these aspects is illness which remained a rich area of investigation in Persian. Current study took a ...cognitive-corpus approach and adopted the conceptual metaphor model (Lakoff & Johnson,1980; Kövecses, 2005) to examine Corona-related metaphors. The case studies comprised Persian press reports describing Corona-related news taken from newspaper websites over the period spanning almost the three months since the first Corona Virus case was reported in Iran. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were done examining the frequency and metaphoric statements related to COVID-19. 176 metaphoric statements with 8 main mappings (war, human, journey, natural force, wild animal, game, tool, and fire) were identified. The findings showed that “war metaphor” is the most frequent one with almost 60 percent of all metaphor occurrences. The results of the study also verified the direct connection between culture and illness metaphors.
Virologists often use anthropomorphic metaphors to vividly describe the properties of viruses and this has led some virologists to claim that viruses are living microorganisms. The discovery of giant ...viruses that are larger and have a more complex genome than small bacteria has fostered the interpretation that viral factories, which are the compartments in virus-infected cells where the virus is being replicated, are able to transform themselves into a new type of living viral organism called a virocell. However, because of the widespread occurrence of horizontal gene transfer, endosymbiosis and hybridization in the evolution of viral genomes, it has not been possible to include metaphorical virocells in the so-called Tree of Life which itself is a metaphor. In the case of viruses that cause human diseases, the infection process is usually presented metaphorically as a war between host and virus and it is assumed that a virus such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is able to develop new strategies and mechanisms for escaping protective host immune responses. However, the ability of the virus to defeat the immune system is solely due to stochastic mutations arising from the error-prone activity of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. The following two types of metaphors will be distinguished: an intentionality metaphor commonly used for attributing goals and intentions to organisms and the living virus metaphor that considers viruses to be actually living organisms.
•Most virologists accept that viruses are non-living subcellular genetic parasites that do not self-replicate.•The claim that viruses are alive is only a metaphor based on anthropocentric interpretations of viral replication.•Viruses are replicated in infected cells in so-called viral factories that do not transform a virus into a living organism.•The metaphor of living viruses has no place in the Tree of Life metaphor.•A virus such as HIV does not develop new metaphoric strategies for escaping the host immune system.
Change agents influence employee attitudes in order for organizations to change. In an effort to unravel this influence mechanism, we examined the change leader-recipient relationship. More ...specifically, how change leaders' championing (independent variable) relates to recipients' readiness to change (dependent variable). Our conceptual model of change leaders' prosocial sensegiving is based on adult attachment theory operationalized through storytelling. To test our model, we surveyed 164 change recipients undergoing organizational change in various industries. Results confirm the first part of our model: psychological need satisfaction partially mediates the relation between change leaders' championing and recipients' readiness to change. In other words, prosocial change leaders act as attachment figures alleviating anxiety caused by ambiguity addressing change recipients' proximity-seeking behaviour. Despite what has been described in scholarly works, change leaders' methods of persuasion seem to be a more accurate indicator of recipients' readiness for change. Part two of our hypothesized model could not be confirmed: moderation effects of leader influence and narrative intelligence could not be confirmed. We conclude that prosocial change leaders' who demonstrate narrative intelligence use stories to elicit an emotional response from change recipients, effectively increasing their perceived psychological need satisfaction, ultimately affecting their readiness to change.
MAD statement
Our research aims to deconstruct the underlying mechanics of prosocial organizational change leadership. We study how change leaders utilize championing, narrative intelligence and leadership influence tactics in an effort to influence change recipients' change-related attitudes and affect their individual readiness to change. We confirm that change recipients' psychological need satisfaction partially mediates this relationship and that the direct application of leadership influence tactics is a better predictor, contrary to what literature suggests. We recommend practitioners create compelling narratives in an effort to enhance message reception, and utilize specific leadership influence tactics to ensure the message is received.
The emergence of online social networks such as Facebook provide new opportunities for communication between archaeologists, and between archaeologists and communities. In this study, we used ...qualitative text analysis and conceptual metaphor analysis of conversations with eleven European archaeological Facebook site administrators to understand their motivations and ideas. We found that altruistic motivations coexist with emotional, career, and social capital expectations, that pseudo-archaeology and political weaponization of archaeology are major concerns, and that participants' conception of themselves and the archaeological Facebook sites they manage are based on multiple conceptual metaphors, revealing different, deliberative vs. agonistic, conceptions of social media community interaction, while top-down metaphors are contested by participatory, bottom-up metaphors, pointing to important dilemmas for the poetics and politics of contemporary public archaeology.
Ideas are commonly described using metaphors; a bright idea appears like a “light bulb” or the “seed” of an idea takes root. However, little is known about how these metaphors may shape beliefs about ...ideas or the role of effort versus genius in their creation, an important omission given the known motivational consequences of such beliefs. We explore whether the light bulb metaphor, although widespread and intuitively appealing, may foster the belief that innovative ideas are exceptional occurrences that appear suddenly and effortlessly—inferences that may be particularly compatible with gendered stereotypes of genius as male. Across three experiments, we find evidence that these metaphors influence judgments of idea quality and perceptions of an inventor’s genius. Moreover, these effects varied by the inventor’s gender and reflected prevailing gender stereotypes: Whereas the seed (vs. light bulb) metaphor increased the perceived genius of female inventors, the opposite pattern emerged for male inventors.
Background:
Many languages use spatial metaphors to describe affective states such as an upward bias to denote positive mood, a downward bias to denote negative mood, a body proximity bias to denote ...personal relatedness concern, and a right-left bias to denote negative or positive valence. These biases might be related to experiential traces related to these affective states. If this is the case, depressed subjects would show either a downward spatial bias, a body proximity bias, or a right-left shift in attention. We evaluated the occurrence of such biases in subjects with depression compared to healthy controls.
Methods:
Subjects
: 10 subjects with depression (5F:5M; age = 47.2 ± 15.2) and 10 healthy controls (5F:5M; age = 45.8 ± 14.5).
Experimental task
: line bisection task. Lines were presented in three spatial orientations vertical (up-down), horizontal (right-left), radial (proximal-distal) and were either blank, composed with words (negative/positive/neutral), or with smileys (negative/positive/neutral). There were 21 line types, and each was presented eight times, reaching a total of 168 lines.
Results:
Compared with healthy controls, subjects with depression bisected radial lines significantly closer to their body. There were no significant differences for either horizontal or vertical lines.
Conclusion:
The proximity spatial bias observed in subjects with depression suggests that depression might activate neural spatial networks. We argue that these networks could be dynamically activated through narcissistic mechanisms as implied in “Mourning and Melancholia” where Freud postulates a narcissistic mediated bias in depression according to which the depressed subjects withdraw from the outside world.
This article delves into the concept of sarcasm in confrontational American film discourse, examining its primary functions and characteristics. Specifically, the study focuses on how sarcastic ...statements are used in American television series to heighten emotional engagement and aesthetic appeal. The defining features of sarcasm, namely implicitness and double meaning, are also discussed. The analysis is conducted through a case study of the modern American drama series “This is Us”, which highlights the key mechanisms utilized to achieve the pragmatic effect of sarcasm, including intonation, metaphors, and repetitions. Additionally, the article examines the work of translators, their professional challenges, and the methods and techniques employed to convey the semantic content of sarcastic messages in the target language. The findings suggest that translational means such as literal translation, ellipses, and equivalent translation are effective in transferring the intended sarcasm across languages. Overall, this study provides insight into the language techniques and translational strategies involved in the implementation of sarcasm in confrontational American film discourse.
The "second wave" metaphor is a convenient but somewhat misleading approximation to how the republics of Latin America adjusted to the post-1945 balance of world forces. In a short period the region ...experienced a reverberating jumble of democratizing experiments. Although these were loosely linked they were also fragmentary, unstable, and potentially clashing. These diverse, kaleidoscopic, and partially reversible processes developed unevenly over time, often recycling prewar concerns. They reflected competing understandings of what democracy might involve. Some features were highly localised, some expressed region-wide linkages, while global influences also played a part.
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