It is still a widespread assumption that metaphysics and ontology deal with roughly the same questions. They are supposed to be concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and to give an account ...of the meaning of 'existence' or 'being' in line with the broadest possible metaphysical assumptions. Against this, Markus Gabriel proposes a radical form of ontological pluralism that divorces ontology from metaphysics, understood as the most fundamental theory of absolutely everything (the world). He argues that the concept of existence is incompatible with the existence of the world and therefore proposes his innovative no-world-view. In the context of recent debates surrounding new realism and speculative realism, Gabriel also develops the outlines of a realist epistemological pluralism. His idea here is that there are different forms of knowledge that correspond to the plurality of fields of sense that must be acknowledged in order to avoid the trap of metaphysics.
The fate of place Casey, Edward S
2013., 20130413, 2013, 2013-05-13
eBook
In this imaginative and comprehensive study, Edward Casey, one of the most incisive interpreters of the Continental philosophical tradition, offers a philosophical history of the evolving ...conceptualizations of place and space in Western thought. Not merely a presentation of the ideas of other philosophers, The Fate of Place is acutely sensitive to silences, absences, and missed opportunities in the complex history of philosophical approaches to space and place. A central theme is the increasing neglect of place in favor of space from the seventh century A.D. onward, amounting to the virtual exclusion of place by the end of the eighteenth century. Casey begins with mythological and religious creation stories and the theories of Plato and Aristotle and then explores the heritage of Neoplatonic, medieval, and Renaissance speculations about space. He presents an impressive history of the birth of modern spatial conceptions in the writings of Newton, Descartes, Leibniz, and Kant and delineates the evolution of twentieth-century phenomenological approaches in the work of Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Bachelard, and Heidegger. In the book's final section, Casey explores the postmodern theories of Foucault, Derrida, Tschumi, Deleuze and Guattari, and Irigaray.
Toch kan men stellen dat het geloof in een band tussen de fysische wereld en het menselijke denken via de taal van logica heel dominant was in de voorbije eeuw. De categorie ‘object’ kan gekoppeld ...worden aan de segmentatie van het perceptuele veld en de dynamiek van multiple object tracking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
This book is concerned with the history of metaphysics since Descartes. Taking as its definition of metaphysics 'the most general attempt to make sense of things', it charts the evolution of this ...enterprise through various competing conceptions of its possibility, scope, and limits. The book is divided into three parts, dealing respectively with the early modern period, the late modern period in the analytic tradition, and the late modern period in non-analytic traditions. In its unusually wide range, A. W. Moore's study refutes the tired old cliché that there is some unbridgeable gulf between analytic philosophy and philosophy of other kinds. It also advances its own distinctive and compelling conception of what metaphysics is and why it matters. Moore explores how metaphysics can help us to cope with continually changing demands on our humanity by making sense of things in ways that are radically new.
This 2006 book explores how people's subjective, felt experiences of their bodies in action provide part of the fundamental grounding for human cognition and language. Cognition is what occurs when ...the body engages the physical and cultural world and must be studied in terms of the dynamical interactions between people and the environment. Human language and thought emerge from recurring patterns of embodied activity that constrain ongoing intelligent behavior. We must not assume cognition to be purely internal, symbolic, computational, and disembodied, but seek out the gross and detailed ways that language and thought are inextricably shaped by embodied action. Embodiment and Cognitive Science describes the abundance of empirical evidence from many disciplines, including work on perception, concepts, imagery and reasoning, language and communication, cognitive development, and emotions and consciousness, that support the idea that the mind is embodied.
The aim of this article is to present Darwinian theodicy according to Cornelius G. Hunter. Hunter’s book was translated to polish by Józef Zon and it was published by Fundacja En Arche in 2021. ...Article presents the critical reading of Hunter’s book. It claims that Hunter’s main thesis is superficial and the arguments to support it are insufficient. Firstly, the historical background for the problem of theodicy is being introduced. Moving from St. Augustine and Leibniz some of the 20th century and contemporary attempts to the problem of evil are being discussed. This delineates the context for Hunter’s attempt to present Darwinism as an example of the philosophical theodicy. Secondly, main ideas of Hunter’s Darwin’s God are presented. Special focus is being put to the problem of metaphysical and theological implications but also hidden assumptions behind theory of evolution. In the end the article highlights some of the weakness regarding Hunter’s narrative about the cultural sources of Darwinian deism are presented. Mainly, the historical simplifications regarding nineteenth century atheism and one logical gap in Hunter’s argumentation. Hunter argues that Darwinism is based on some metaphysical assumptions and for that reason it cannot be considered as an example of science. At the same time Hunter fails to give an example of scientific theory that is entirely free from metaphysical assumptions. Therefore it seems that his critique of Darwinism fails to deliver a convincing argument.
Popper, al intentar trazar una línea de demarcación entre la ciencia y la metafísica, se enfrenta al problema de la influencia de la metafísica en el surgimiento de las teorías científicas, lo que le ...lleva a pensar en cómo se interrelacionan estos dos órdenes de conocimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar, precisamente, la cuestión de la relación entre ciencia y metafísica en el pensamiento de Popper. Destacaremos, más específicamente, el papel de los «programas de investigación metafísica» para el avance científico. Al tratar este tema, pretendemos dilucidar una aparente ambigüedad en el pensamiento del filósofo, pues, si bien entiende la ciencia y la metafísica como saberes de distinta naturaleza, defiende la tesis de que la metafísica es fuente de inspiración e hipótesis para los científicos y contribuye a el desarrollo de la ciencia. Entendemos que esta ambigüedad desaparece si consideramos que Popper, al tratar tales relaciones y distinciones, las concibe desde una doble perspectiva: una que examina las teorías desde la perspectiva de su criterio lógico-metodológico y busca distinguirlas, y otra que, en vista de la evolución histórica de la ciencia, considera la metafísica como una forma de dirigir las investigaciones científicas.
