Zusammenfassung
In Bezug auf die Frage, welche Bedeutung China für Bertolt Brecht hatte, untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag chinesische Konstanten, die sich auch in Brechts Werk
Meti. Buch der ...Wendungen
finden. Es sind Stoffe, Themen oder Gedanken, die sich Brecht bei seiner Beschäftigung mit China zu eigen gemacht hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt nicht nur diejenigen, die am ehesten ins Auge fallen, sondern auch diejenigen, die nicht unbedingt immer sofort erkennbar sind. Aufgrund der Untersuchung vertritt der vorliegende Beitrag die Ansicht, dass
Meti
zum wiederholten Mal zeigt: China gehört Brecht. China bzw. das Chinesische war für Brechts Schaffen eine nicht wegzudenkende Kategorie.
Meti shell contains calcium carbonate which can be calcined into CaO and used as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis. This study evaluated the ability of CaO catalyst from Meti shell with ...concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% for the synthesis of biodiesel from Moringa seed oil at various transesterification times (1, 2, 3, and 4 hours). The presence of CaO in the Meti shell was indicated by diffraction at 2θ angles of 32.47o , 37.74o , 54.22o , 64.65o , and 67.67oC. Utilizing CaO 3% and a transesterification reaction time of 3 hours resulted in an Rf value corresponding to the standard biodiesel Rf ranges, i.e. 0.69 and 0.66, respectively. The synthesized biodiesel has the highest methyl oleate content of 59.16% with characteristics that have met Indonesian National Standard (SNI 04-7182-2006), including water content of 0.004%, an acid number of 0.06 mg KOH/g, saponification number 273.6 mgKOH/g, iodine number 78.678 g iodine/100 g, the cloud point is 10oC, the pour point is 21oC, however, the cetane number is still below the minimum number of 51.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The two-spotted spider mite
Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the economically most important pests in a wide range of outdoor and protected crops worldwide. Its control has been and still is ...largely based on the use of insecticides and acaricides. However, due to its short life cycle, abundant progeny and arrhenotokous reproduction, it is able to develop resistance to these compounds very rapidly. As a consequence, it has the dubious reputation to be the“most resistant species” in terms of the total number of pesticides to which populations have become resistant, and its control has become problematic in many areas worldwide.
Insecticide and acaricide resistance has also been reported in the ectoparasite
Sarcoptes scabiei, the causative organism of scabies, and other economically important Acari, such as the Southern cattle tick
Rhipicephalus microplus, one of the biggest arthropod threats to livestock, and the parasitic mite
Varroa destructor, a major economic burden for beekeepers worldwide.
Although resistance research in Acari has not kept pace with that in insects, a number of studies on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the resistant phenotype has been conducted recently. In this review, state-of-the-art information on
T. urticae resistance, supplemented with data on other important Acari has been brought together. Considerable attention is given to the underlying resistance mechanisms that have been elucidated at the molecular level. The incidence of bifenazate resistance in
T. urticae is expanded as an insecticide resistance evolutionary paradigm in arthropods.
Exploration of outer space is a mesmerizing and thought-provoking endeavor. The fascination about what may be out there is only matched by asking who might be out there. Exopsychology is concerned ...about how humans think about extraterrestrials, but also how extraterrestrials may think, feel, and behave. It strives to find generalizable psychological theories to enrich and extend the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). Producing technosignatures requires that a species skillfully realizes the relevant possibilities for action, which the environment offers in all its socio-material richness. These possibilities are called affordances. They are not fixed but relational to individual and collective available abilities and customs. We apply an affordance perspective to specify the relation between information processing, body, environment, and material engagement in the context of space exploration and SETI. In this way, we can uncover aspects of the psychological configurations that SETI requires from its extraterrestrial targets, but which are also critical to the human practice of space exploration. Moreover, we elaborate on arguments against employing the concept of “intelligence” in SETI. A successful first contact requires a mutual attunement to species-typical diachronic backdrops, which constitute meaning. One possibility for a meaningful message form and content is the reference to the material environment and its respective engagement. Meaningfulness of affordances is conserved in a form of life and transmitted via social interaction. Considering affordances within SETI fosters an understanding of how the thinking, feeling, and behavior of life forms in the Universe emerge in relation to their socio-material environment.
•The psychological concept of affordances is explored in context of space exploration and SETI.•To create technosignatures, extraterrestrials must exploit the opportunities for action provided by their environment.•Communication with extraterrestrials may be possible by commutating with and about material engagement.
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is the most economically important mite pest in agricultural areas and chemical acaricides are widely used to control T. ...urticae populations. Cyflumetofen is a recently introduced acaricide that inhibits the mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex II (succinate dehydrogenase, SDH), which represents the most recently developed mode of action for mite control worldwide. In the present study, started upon the launch of cyflumetofen in Turkey, a five-year survey was performed to monitor cyflumetofen susceptibility in 28 T. urticae populations collected from agricultural fields across the country. The first resistance case that might cause control failure in practical field conditions was uncovered in 2019, three years after the registration of cyflumetofen. In addition, an extremely resistant population (1722-fold resistance) was also detected towards the end of 2019. Cyflumetofen resistance did not decrease in the laboratory after relaxation of selection pressure for over one year in field-collected populations, suggesting the absence of a fitness cost associated with resistance in these populations. Next to phenotypic resistance, metabolic and physiological mechanisms underlying the decreased susceptibility were also investigated. Synergism assays showed the involvement of P450 monooxygenases in cyflumetofen resistance. Downregulation of carboxylesterases as resistance mechanism, is underpinned by the fact that pre-treatment with esterase inhibitor DEF decreased cyflumetofen toxicity in field-collected strains. Furthermore, a novel H258L substitution in the subunit B of complex II was uncovered in a field population. In silico modeling of the new mutation suggested that the mutation might indeed influence toxicity to complex II inhibitors cyenopyrafen and pyflubumide, but most likely not cyflumetofen. However, further studies are needed to uncover the exact role of this mutation in resistance to this new class of complex II inhibitors.
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•Cyflumetofen resistance was monitored in Turkish T. urticae populations for five years.•More than 1700-fold resistance was detected only three years after its introduction.•P450 inhibitor PBO significantly synergized the cyflumetofen toxicity.•A H258L mutation in subunit B of SDH was uncovered.•The potential role of new mutation in resistance was studied with molecular modeling.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the articulation of cultural trauma of coming-of-age as depicted in the novels City of Pain and City of Sin by the young Romani author Meti Kamberi. The common ...feature of these two novels is that they both explore the traumatic childhood and coming –of-age experiences through the main protagonist’s point of view, suggesting that they either belong to the genres of autobiography and bildungsroman. Both novels are examined from the ethnic/minority bildungsroman perspective, with a particular focus on the personal experience narrative of coming-of-age of a Romani minority member in post-socialist Serbia as described in either of the two. Through illustrative examples, this paper demonstrates that the literary and artistic creations of minority populations can be a valuable ethnographic source for investigating their self-representations. The pages of these novels represent a space for articulating ethnic as well as racialized traumas, caused by both personal and transgenerational experiences of discrimination, stigmatization, and marginalization of the Romani population in this region. The thematization of life between two worlds, the dichotomy between the community of origin and the mainstream society, is a key characteristic of the Romani bildungsroman.
In this article, we develop a response to Wright, et al.'s article “Geopolitical Implications of a Successful SETI Program,” which is a critique of our own prior article in 2020 that develop a ...realpolitik analysis of risks related to contact with extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).
The acaricidal compounds pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and fenpyroximate are frequently used in the control of phytophagous mites such as Tetranychus urticae, and are referred to as Mitochondrial Electron ...Transport Inhibitors, acting at the quinone binding pocket of complex I (METI-I acaricides). Because of their very frequent use, resistance evolved fast more than 20 years ago, and is currently wide-spread. Increased activity of P450 monooxygenases has been often associated with resistance, but target-site based resistance mechanisms were never reported.
Here, we report the discovery of a mutation (H92R) in the PSST homologue of complex I in METI-I resistant T. urticae strains. The position of the mutation was studied using the high-resolution crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus, and was located in a stretch of amino acids previously photo-affinity labeled by fenpyroximate. Selection experiments with a strain segregating for the mutant allele, together with marker-assisted back-crossing of the mutation in a susceptible background, confirmed the involvement of the mutation in METI-I resistance. Additionally, an independent genetic mapping approach; QTL analysis identified the genomic region of pyridaben resistance, which included the PSST gene. Last, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tools to introduce the mutation in the Drosophila PSST homologue.
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•Target-site resistance of Tetranychus urticae to METI-I acaricides, inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, was investigated.•A H92R substitution was identified in the PSST homologue of complex I from T. urticae in METI-I acaricide resistant strains.•3D-modeling revealed that H92R is located near the presumed binding site of ubiquinone and well-known complex I inhibitors.•Genetic mapping and QTL analysis identified the genomic locus of pyridaben resistance, which included the PSST gene.•Selection experiments and marker-assisted back-crossing showed that H92R is associated with METI-I resistance in T. urticae.
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