Imperial Japanese soldiers were notorious for blindly following orders, and their enemies in the Pacific War derided them as "cattle to the slaughter." But, in fact, the Japanese Army had a long ...history as one of the most disobedient armies in the world. Officers repeatedly staged coups d'états, violent insurrections, and political assassinations; their associates defied orders given by both the government and the general staff, launched independent military operations against other countries, and in two notorious cases conspired to assassinate foreign leaders despite direct orders to the contrary.
InCurse on This Country, Danny Orbach explains the culture of rebellion in the Japanese armed forces. It was a culture created by a series of seemingly innocent decisions, each reasonable in its own right, which led to a gradual weakening of Japanese government control over its army and navy. The consequences were dire, as the armed forces dragged the government into more and more of China across the 1930s-a culture of rebellion that made the Pacific War possible. Orbach argues that brazen defiance, rather than blind obedience, was the motive force of modern Japanese history.
Curse on This Countryfollows a series of dramatic events: assassinations in the dark corners of Tokyo, the famous rebellion of Saigō Takamori, the "accidental" invasion of Taiwan, the Japanese ambassador's plot to murder the queen of Korea, and the military-political crisis in which the Japanese prime minister "changed colors." Finally, through the sinister plots of the clandestine Cherry Blossom Society, we follow the deterioration of Japan into chaos, fascism, and world wa
In the life order of military soldiers, there are rules of soldier discipline that are useful for enforcing discipline in order to minimize soldier violations. The problem discussed in this study is ...how a soldier can be subject to disciplinary punishment as mandated by law number 25 of 2014 concerning Military Discipline Law. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of disciplinary enforcement in order to minimize the level of disciplinary violations by soldiers and to describe and analyze the factors that encourage and hinder disciplinary enforcement. The method used in this study is a normative juridical approach to reveal problems in the field related to military disciplinary law against violations by family members. The results of the study show that the settlement of Military Discipline Law Violations is to educate and prevent the recurrence of TNI Soldier Discipline Law Violations, Policy Law number 25 of 2014 concerning military discipline law requires that the imposition of punishment be handed over to superiors who have the right to punish, Implementation of military discipline punishment for soldiers the military for violations/criminal acts committed by members of their families should not be subject to articles 8 and 9 of Law number 25 of 2014 concerning Military Discipline Law, this is because the legal subject imposed is a Military Soldier, while the family is a civilian.
Change is a constant in war. But the chaos of constant change can be minimised by the act of planning. Doctrine advises that, to be effective, planning must facilitate movement through the adaptation ...cycle more quickly than the enemy. This proposition is often mistaken for implying that success in war demands only quick adaptation. This conclusion is a misconception that tends to unnecessarily constrain military thinking. Rather, success in war is dependent on the achievement of 'superior' adaptation. Thus, adaptation in the context of battle against an adversary is relative. One side's adaptive cycle is considered superior when the opponent's is relatively slower. It follows, then, that while increasing the speed of adaptation is useful, commanders may also achieve superior adaptation by simply slowing down the speed of the enemy's.
Project Land 400 Phase 3 aims to introduce into service an infantry fighting vehicle (IFV). This will replace Army's aged armoured personnel carrier (APC) capability, which has been in service since ...1965. The IFV acquisition provides Army's infantry with enhanced firepower, mobility and protection to enable them to fight, win and survive close combat in the contemporary threat environment. However, discourse on the acquisition has often suffered from a poor and incomplete understanding of the differences between IFVs, APCs and other armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs). Equally, it is evident that the differences between the different types of infantry forces which operate AFVs and the approaches which guide their employment are also not well understood. Therefore, to inform discussion on this important project, it is necessary to examine the development of the IFV as well as the types of infantry forces which operate IFVs.
InThe Sexual Economy of War, Andrew Byers argues that in the early twentieth century, concerns about unregulated sexuality affected every aspect of how the US Army conducted military operations. Far ...from being an exercise marginal to the institution and its scope of operations, governing sexuality was, in fact, integral to the military experience during a time of two global conflicts and numerous other army deployments.
In this revealing study, Byers shows that none of the issues related to current debates about gender, sex, and the military-the inclusion of LGBTQ soldiers, sexual harassment and violence, the integration of women-is new at all. Framing the American story within an international context, he looks at case studies from the continental United States, Hawaii, the Philippines, France, and Germany. Drawing on internal army policy documents, soldiers' personal papers, and disciplinary records used in criminal investigations,The Sexual Economy of Warilluminates how the US Army used official policy, legal enforcement, indoctrination, and military culture to govern wayward sexual behaviors. Such regulation, and its active opposition, leads Byers to conclude that the tension between organizational control and individual agency has deep and tangled historical roots.
해방 직후 북한에 진주한 소련군이 북한 주민들로부터 루소포비아를 유발한 데에는 소련군의 약탈과 부녀자 강간 등 일탈행위뿐만 아니라 소련군의 조직적인 물자반출도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 이 문제에 대해 선행연구가 잘 다루지 않거나 또는 파편적으로 다루고 있는 부분은 소련군의 일탈 및 일탈 감소의 원인, 그리고 소련군에 의한 물자반출의 구체적인 상황과 그에 대한 ...북한 주민의 적극적 대응으로서의 반대시위와 사보타주 행위에 관한 것이다. 본 연구는 이에 대해 북한 주민의 회고록, 자서전은 물론 러시아문서보관소자료를 교차검토하고 당시 북한 주둔 소련군의 상황을 소련 국내 경제 사정 및 전후 독일 주둔 소련군의 행태와 비교검토하면서 연구의 공백을 메우고자 하였다.
This paper aims to explore the Russophobia among the residents of North Korea during the immediate post-colonial years. In addition to the deviant behavior of Soviet troops, which included looting and rape, the systematic removal of natural resources, grain, and machinery from North Korea by the Soviet troops significantly impacted the rise of Russophobia among North Koreans. Aspects not fully addressed in existing literature include the reasons for the deviant behavior of the Soviet troops, the subsequent decrease in such behavior, and a detailed analysis of the Soviet troops extracting various goods and resources from North Korea. The paper also delves into the proactive responses of the North Korean people, which included protests and acts of sabotage. This study examines these topics through a careful examination of memoirs and autobiographies of North Koreans, Russian archival materials, and by comparing the situation of Soviet troops in North Korea to the domestic economic situation in the contemporary Soviet Union and the behavior of Soviet troops in Germany during the post-World War II years.
We still know little of why strategy processes often involve participation problems. In this paper, we argue that this crucial issue is linked to fundamental assumptions about the nature of strategy ...work. Hence, we need to examine how strategy processes are typically made sense of and what roles are assigned to specific organizational members. For this purpose, we adopt a critical discursive perspective that allows us to discover how specific conceptions of strategy work are reproduced and legitimized in organizational strategizing. Our empirical analysis is based on an extensive research project on strategy work in 12 organizations. As a result of our analysis, we identify three central discourses that seem to be systematically associated with nonparticipatory approaches to strategy work: "mystification," "disciplining," and "technologization." However, we also distinguish three strategy discourses that promote participation: "self-actualization," "dialogization," and "concretization." Our analysis shows that strategy as practice involves alternative and even competing discourses that have fundamentally different kinds of implications for participation in strategy work. We argue from a critical perspective that it is important to be aware of the inherent problems associated with dominant discourses as well as to actively advance the use of alternative ones.
The penal colony at Port Arthur had been in existence for less than a decade when Captain Cyrille Laplace paid his visit in February 1839, and it was its first director, Charles O'Hara Booth and his ...wife Elizabeth who welcomed him into their home.
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