If the targeting of ‘different’ groups for recruitment was the military’s first tactical response to this ‘revolution in social affairs,’ a second and equally important strategy saw the restructuring ...of the armed forces itself. Alongside efforts to change its workforce, the CF aimed to change the very nature of military work. The goal of the CFPARU, as ever, was to expand the appeal of military employment for potential recruits and to improve job satisfaction among existing personnel to temper attrition. The decline in the material rewards for military work, of pay and benefits, was a key factor in its eroding
One of the contributions of Max Weber is his distinction between formal and substantive rationality. When viewed in relation to his theory of bureaucracy this distinction provides a context for ...clarifying the domination aspects from the productive activities of organization. The case study of Roman bureaucracy is used to illustrate how the contradictions between two coexisting forms of rationality--one reflecting the control of persons and resources and the other the production (and distribution) of goods and services--contributed to the decline and collapse of the Roman Empire.
The emergence of police forces in the nineteenth century is traced through a historical case study of Prussia from 1848 to 1914. Prior to 1848, the Ur police & the Ru gendarmerie were few in number & ...largely ineffective. The establishment of a Schutzmannschaft in Berlin in 1848 created the model for Prussian police forces. Members of this force were recruited from former army personnel, though there were problems in securing enough personnel. Police organization was modeled on that of the military, & the functions of the police largely supplemented those of the military. In this same period, an increasingly professional approach to police work developed, reflected largely in the elimination of the old institution of the night watch & the establishment of formal training. W. H. Stoddard
The US Supreme Court has never imposed the tenure and salary protection requirements of Article III of the US Constitution on any level of the military justice system. Although the existence of a ...separate system of adjudication for military crimes has always threatened the values of separation of powers and impartial adjudication that underlie Article III, operational needs of the military have justified the departure from Article III's requirements. However, the system's massive jurisdictional expansion, especially to crimes unrelated to the military, warrants a reevaluation of the relationship between the military justice system and Article III requirements. The Supreme Court's recent adoption of a balancing test to decide whether a given form of adjudication must conform to Article III provides a suitable framework for evaluating the military justice system. Military justice must strike a better balance between the competing values of adjudicatory independence and operational needs. The appellate military courts should be reconstituted as Article III courts to achieve this balance.
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A REFUGE OF MANHOOD Laver, Harry S
Citizens More than Soldiers,
12/2007
Book Chapter
The men who came of age after the American Revolution could easily have identified with Thomas Paine’s 1776 observation that the times were trying for men’s souls. Although ratification of the ...Constitution settled the issue of an American system of government, the country struggled to preserve its independence, adjust to the volatile market economy, and shape a national identity. Social and political disorder threatened to overwhelm the nation as the post-Revolutionary generation appropriated the sacred ideal of liberty and seemingly perverted it to justify luxury, vice, and even corruption. The nation’s growing pains also created a crisis of confidence among
THE DOUBLE-ARMED MAN Simon Barker
War and Nation in the Theatre of Shakespeare and His Contemporaries,
11/2007
Book Chapter
This chapter has a fantasy hero. It appears in the form of the extraordinary figure of a foot soldier who features in a series of illustrations in William Neade’s 1625 book of military theory and ...tactics, The Double-Armed Man.¹ I shall return to him later, along with his mounted counterpart, leaving him for the moment standing, somewhat awkwardly in his spurs and heavy-looking armour, with longbow drawn and steadied against his pike, a full quiver of arrows on one side of his waist, and an elegantly hilted sword at the other. Neade’s text is one example from the wideranging canon
