This thesis examines the mapping of eighteenth-century Scotland in relation to the British state’s imperatives to know the spaces of the nation. It examines the idea of the ‘military landscape’—that ...conjunction of forts, roads, and barracks—represented and constructed by the military engineers, surveyors, and draughtsmen of the Board of Ordnance between 1689 and 1815. In total, 940 maps constitute the Board of Ordnance ‘archive’ housed mainly in the National Library of Scotland, the British Library, the National Archives (Kew), and the Royal Library at Windsor. The study of the Board of Ordnance military maps of Scotland is considered in relation to the epistemological foundations of map making in the Enlightenment, particular focus being paid to the relations between government institutions and military cartography. The thesis considers how political and military power was embodied in the engineers’ maps and plans. It explores the extent to which the Scottish landscape—especially the Highlands—was an unknown territory demanding intellectual and material civilisation in cartographic form. In its main chapters on forts, movement, and battles, the thesis is organised to reflect the purpose behind the creation of military maps. It includes representations of military activities that consistently had recourse to mapping—fortifying, intelligence, reconnaissance, marching, encamping, and battle—and explains why military maps were conceived thus and how they were used. Fortification cartography dominates the representation of Scottish military landscapes: 73% of the archive constitutes maps, plans, sections, and views of forts, barracks, and coastal batteries; 22% maps associated with military movement; and 5% battle maps. By examining the different genres of military mapping, the thesis offers an evaluation of the Board’s endeavours to rationalise and to codify military cartography in order to bring it in line with wider European practices. This review of the nature and extent of military mapping of eighteenth-century Scotland reveals the practice to be a result of institutional imperatives to assert territorial control rather than simply a cartographic enterprise. In (re)constructing the military landscape, the thesis extends current knowledge of military mapping in eighteenth-century Scotland and provides for the first time a substantive examination of the Board of Ordnance as an agency of state and cartographic authority.
Three 1605 manuscript maps of Ottoman fortresses, held in the Newberry Library in Chicago, are beautiful and technically proficient. They were drawn during the Habsburg-Ottoman Long War (1593-1606) ...by one Christofaro Tarnowskij, who is otherwise unknown as a cartographer, apparently in the context of plans for an anti-Ottoman uprising by Christian subjects in the western Balkans. While the maps help to illuminate decades of plotting against the Ottomans in the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries and the continuing relevance of the ideal of crusade in early modern Europe, they do much more; for they demonstrate the artificiality for the period of two of our own intellectual constructs of East as opposed to West and medieval as opposed to modern. They also reinforce the centrality of the history of cartography in understanding Europe's past.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
23.
6. North Pacific Area
World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-Military Study,
2002
Reference
Intelligence work is based on the gathering of information, including cartographic material for preparing new maps. This paper examines copies and re-editions, produced by British, Egyptian, and PLO ...military authorities, of topographical maps of Israel on a scale 1:100,000, which were published from the later part of the Mandate (1930s and 1940s), up to the 1980s. Certain features in the copies reflect distinctive political attitudes to the local situation or illustrate a lack of cartographic awareness of their significance. No serious attempts were made to hide the sources of the maps.
spa Durante los años veinte, tras una profunda reorganización de los servicios cartográficos del Estado, la dictadura de Primo de Rivera encargó al Depósito de la Guerra la formación de un mapa ...topográfico del Protectorado español de Marruecos a escala 1:50. 000. El levantamiento de la carta marroquí se realizó simultáneamente a otras operaciones cartográficas en las islas Canarias, el norte de África y la Península. Este artículo estudia la formación del mapa de Marruecos, prestando especial atención a su contexto geopolítico e institucional. La carta marroquí abrió una nueva etapa en la militarización de la cartografía topográfica española. La consulta de fuentes archivísticas ha permitido reconstruir la trayectoria profesional de sus artífices.
eng During the 1920's decade, after a deep reorganization of the cartographical services, Primo de Rivera's dictatorship entrusted the Dépôt de la Guerre to survey a topographical map of Morocco's Protectorate at a scale 1:50. 000. That survey was made simultaneously with other topographical works in the Canarian Islands, the North of Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. This paper will examine the history of the Topographical Map of Morocco's Protectorate, paying particular attention to his geopolitical and institutional context. The Morocco's Map opened a new stage in the militarization of the Spanish topographical cartography. The archive sources had allowed to identify the professional path of his makers.
