İş yerinde mobbing davranışı, yarattığı bireysel, örgütsel ve toplumsal sorunlar sebebiyle süreçteki tüm aktörleri olulmsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu etki her vaka için değişkenlik gösteren düzeyde ...olsa da her bir vakanın önlenmesi tarafların tümü için büyük önem taşımaktadır. İş yerinde mobbing, sonuçlarının yol açtığı etkiler sebebiyle yönetim organizasyon alanında hem uygulayıcı olan işletmeler hem akademik yazın açısından önemi göz ardı edilemeyecek düzeydedir. Bu sebeple iş yerinde mobbing değişkeni, 1970’lerde tanımlanmasının ardından çok sayıda akademik çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Buradan hareketle bu çalışma kapsamında yönetim organizasyon yazınında mobbing değişkenini konu edinen çalışmaların derinlemesine irdelenmesi ve ortak çıkarımlarda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma amacı doğrultusunda ilk olarak mobbing ile ilişkisi en fazla çalışılmış olan değişkenler “işten ayrılma niyeti, iş tatmini, tükenmişlik ve örgütsel bağlılık” olarak belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen dört değişken için dört ayrı meta analiz yapılacağından, belirlenen meta analiz dahil etme kriterleri doğrultusunda dört ayrı veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Meta analiz çalışması bulgularının değerlendirilmesi doğrultusunda mobbing değişkeni ile işten ayrılma niyeti, iş tatmini, tükenmişlik ve örgütsel bağlılık değişkenleri arasında Cohen etki büyüklüğü sınıflandırması kriterine göre orta düzeyde ilişki olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yapılan alt grup analizleri ile de belirlenen düzenleyici değişkenlerin bu ilişkilerdeki rolü ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmanın, mobbing değişkenine ilişkin yapılan tüm çalışmaları yıl ve coğrafya kısıtı getirmeden irdelemesi ve kullanılan meta analiz yönteminin alanda yeni olması bağlamında özgün değer taşıdığı düşünülmektedir.
The aim of this article is to examine mobbing as a reason for termination of the employment relationship. The concept of ‘mobbing’ in the workplace is not defined in the laws and regulations of the ...Republic of Latvia, and it is necessary to study the need to define the concept of mobbing in the laws and regulations of the Republic of Latvia. Notwithstanding the lack of the concept of ‘mobbing’ in the legal framework, the existing laws and regulations, such as Section 7 of the Labour Law (LL), which guarantees the principle of equal rights, and Section 29 of the LL, which prohibits differential treatment, may be applied to prevent its harmful effects. An employee who has been subjected to mobbing and for that reason cannot continue the employment relationship may exercise the right to terminate the employment relationship provided for in Section 100(5) of the LL. However, the employer may exercise the right provided for in Section 101(5) of the LL to terminate the employment relationship with the employee if he has an important reason, which shall be any circumstance which, on grounds of morality and mutual fairness, makes it impossible to continue the employment relationship.
Given the current pace of climate change, high temperature events will become increasingly frequent in many parts of the world. Predicting how high temperatures will impact the behavior of ...songbirds—highly sensitive to temperature change due to their tendency to be small in size, and to have high metabolic rates and diurnal habits—is therefore crucial and urgent. However, the behavioral impacts of high temperatures on acoustic communication in birds have rarely been studied. Responsiveness to antipredator signals is an important behavior to consider because failure to detect such signals could be lethal. We investigated whether, in great tits (
Parus major
), high temperatures would affect behavioral responses to playback of conspecific mobbing calls. We found a significant lag effect of temperature on how closely great tits would approach the playback speaker, with birds approaching less closely at higher temperatures. Further, we found that the emission of mobbing calls by great tits was affected by the current ambient temperature, with birds calling less at higher temperatures. The results suggest that at high temperatures, great tits change their tactic from active defense to less active response. High temperatures can thus induce behavioral shifts in great tits. In the current context of increasing average temperatures, such effect of temperature on response to vital indicators such as antipredator signals could impact survival when inducing greater risk of depredation.
Significance statement
Climate change is causing heatwaves to increase in number and intensity. High temperatures can reduce the ability of birds to respond to vocalizations. Here, we test if high temperatures affect the ability of great tits (
Parus major
) to respond to conspecific mobbing calls—these calls generally serve to mob a predator and to recruit conspecifics and heterospecifics to join the caller. At higher temperatures, great tits produce fewer mobbing vocalizations and approach the loudspeaker broadcasting mobbing calls less often.
Artificial intelligence to manage workplace bullying De Obesso Arias, María de las Mercedes; Pérez Rivero, Carlos Alberto; Carrero Márquez, Oliver
Journal of business research,
20/May , Letnik:
160
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Artificial intelligence and harassment in the workplace.•Managing harassment with people or robots.
This research links the efficiency of artificial intelligence (AI) to the work climate. The aim is ...to compare whether workers would feel comfortable dealing with a case of harassment at work with an AI system, or whether they prefer to deal with people. This is a pioneering study, unanswered in the literature. A questionnaire has been applied and a sample of 329 workers was obtained, from which it has been possible to conclude, that in cases where there is a good working environment, they feel more comfortable talking to people than to robots, and vice versa when the working environment is bad. Moreover, it is concluded that when workers trust their human resources (HR) departments, they prefer to deal with people regarding a problem such as bullying and that when they trust AI systems, there is a greater preference to interact with robots than when they do not trust them.
Anthropogenic noise is increasing at an alarming rate in urban as well as rural ecosystems and detrimental effects have been reported on many animals relying on acoustic communication. Little is ...known regarding the impact of different types of noise on community level predator perception and breeding behaviour. Here, we presented a predator model alone or a predator combined with a specific noise type, such as traffic, a lawnmower or a chainsaw, to breeding pairs of great tits, Parus major, giving them the opportunity to perform mobbing behaviour that could provide public information to their neighbours. We then measured the provisioning behaviour of adjacent tit pairs, which were 50–150 m away from the focal pairs' nests. The adjacent breeding pairs decreased nest visits when focal birds were exposed to the sparrowhawk model or to the sparrowhawk model combined with the lawnmower noise. Neighbouring pairs did not reduce the rate of nest visits when focal birds were exposed to the hawk model combined with the traffic or the chainsaw noise. The distance from focal nests did not alter the noise effect on neighbouring pairs. We suggest that auditory masking is the most likely mechanism to explain why noise compromises public information. The chainsaw and traffic noise overlap with the frequency of mobbing calls and disrupt the transmission of auditory signals in the community. Further, when the hawk presentation was combined with the chainsaw noise, which was the type of noise that had the highest frequencies, the latency of mobbing by the focal birds was strongly increased, and the number of species involved in mobbing was reduced. This study demonstrates that the signalling function of mobbing is ineffective in noisy environments which ultimately impacts fitness via increased predation to adults or their offspring.
•Focal great tits give mobbing calls in response to a sparrowhawk presentation.•Neighbouring pairs reduce nest visit rate when focal birds mob the hawk.•Neighbours do not respond to mobbing calls along with a chainsaw or traffic noise.•Acoustic masking by high-frequency noise disrupts the transmission of mobbing calls.•Low-frequency noise does not disrupt the transmission of public information.
Abstract
Animal cooperation occurs in both genetically related and unrelated groups of individuals, involving costs and benefits that have not been fully elucidated. For example, risky behaviour such ...as mobbing a predator would be selected if participants are genetic relatives because they share a fraction of their gene pool (i.e., kin selection or indirect benefits). However, in the absence of genetic relatedness, benefits can be achieved by direct benefits such as reciprocity or mutualism, among others. In this study we analyzed the cooperative mobbing behaviour in winter flocks of an endemic passerine of the austral temperate forests, the Thorn-tailed rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda). We first tested whether the probability of and the latency to mobbing response differed depending on the acoustic stimulus perceived by the flock (i.e., conspecific mobbing calls vs. predator calls), and whether the intensity of the mobbing was related to the number of individuals and species participating. We found that flocks were more likely to approach the predator when the acoustic signal was a conspecific mobbing call than when it was the predator’s call, and that the intensity of mobbing increased with the number of participants. Secondly, we explored if the level of kinship within the group potentially played a role in the development of the mobbing behaviour. The proportion of close-relatives found in these flocks was low, and the within- and among-flock degree of kinship did not differ. This suggests that kin selection might not be related with the expression of mobbing behaviour in winter flocks.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Esta investigación es un trabajo de tesis, el cual la temática fue seleccionada por los resultados obtenidos del estudio realizado por México evalúa, en las que se vio inmersa la capital de Tlaxcala ...ocupando el primer lugar en cuanto al acoso laboral en el año 2020, no obstante, en el área Puebla-Tlaxcala en el año 2018 registro la rotación de personal en el país, ambas fueron las bases para la concepción de la pregunta inicial que se debería de dar respuesta con la presente investigación. Por ende, el objetivo general de esta investigación es identificar si el mobbing se encuentra relacionado con la rotación de personal a través de un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo con un tipo de metodología correlacional. Aunado a esto se logró crear una propuesta para la detección de esa modalidad de la violencia.
Animals possess various antipredator behaviours to reduce their risk of predation. Whereas most prey make considerable effort to avoid their predators, sometimes individuals approach and mob ...predators as a group. Among the types of predators that elicit mobbing, raptors such as hawks and owls are one of the more consistent targets. We conducted playback experiments to investigate the strength of mobbing behaviour according to the perceived risk associated with either predator dangerousness or local predation pressure. We first determined whether mobbing is specific to dangerous predators or more broadly directed at predatory species. We experimentally investigated whether prey can discriminate the level of dangerousness of two owl species. Our results indicate that prey adjusted the strength of their mobbing behaviour according to the perceived risk: passerine birds mobbed the Eurasian pygmy owl, Glaucidium passerinum (i.e. a dangerous predator) but not the boreal owl, Aegolius funereus (i.e. a far less dangerous species). Second, we compared mobbing behaviour in similar habitats differing in predation pressure (with or without pygmy owls). Working on identical bird communities, we revealed that mobbing varied in relation to the local presence of the predator. Where the pygmy owl was absent, calls of this dangerous predator failed to elicit mobbing among passerine birds although they responded strongly to a playback of a mobbing chorus. This study provides experimental evidence that intense predation increases the expression of cooperative mobbing in passerine birds.
•Birds sometimes respond to predators by mobbing instead of fleeing.•We tested the effect of predation risk on mobbing intensity using playback stimuli.•We showed that mobbing intensity varied with predator dangerousness.•Mobbing intensity also varied according to the local occurrence of the predator.
Çalışma Yaşamında Mobbing: Kavramsal Bir Bakış Abdullah Karaman; Melek Sermin Efeoğlu
Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi,
05/2023, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1-Prof. Dr. Feyzullah EROĞLU Armağan Sayısı
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Mobbing, iş yaşamında sosyal etkileşim sonucu ortaya çıkan bir veya birden fazla kişi tarafından bir kişiyi veya grubu hedef alan bilinçli, sistematik saldırgan eylemlerdir. Sözlü ve/veya fiziki ...olarak gerçekleşen bu eylemlerin amacı, mağdur üzerinde psikolojik zedelenmeye yol açarak örgütten ayrılmasına yöneliktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, iş yaşamında sürdürülebilir insan kaynağının engellerinden biri olan mobbingin oluşumu ve etkilerine dikkat çekilmesi ile bu sürecin aşamalarında çözüm odaklı uygulanacak sistemli metotlara yönelik yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, mobbing olgusu ve bu olgunun ortaya çıkış nedenleri, aşamaları, saldırgan eylem türleri ile örgüt stratejisi olarak mobbing uygulanması, mobbingin çalışma yaşamında bireye ve örgüte yansımasının sonuçlarının incelenmesinin ardından mobbingle mücadele yolları açıklanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, örgütte uygulanan mobbingin hangi aşamada olduğunun tespit edilmesinin ve buna bağlı olarak çözüm yolları geliştirilmesinin faydası ve önemi vurgulanmaktadır.
Invisible at Work Robinson, Sandra L.; O’Reilly, Jane; Wang, Wei
Journal of management,
01/2013, Letnik:
39, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article offers a review, integration, and extension of the literature relevant to ostracism in organizations. We first seek to add conceptual clarity to ostracism, by reviewing existing ...definitions and developing a cohesive one, identifying the key features of workplace ostracism, and distinguishing it from existing organizational constructs. Next, we develop a broad model of ostracism in organizations. This model serves to integrate the relevant findings related to ostracism in organizations and to extend our theorizing about it. We take a decidedly organizational focus, proposing organizationally relevant factors that may cause different types of ostracism, moderate the experience of ostracism at work, and moderate the reactions of targets. We hope this article will provide a good foundation for organizational scholars interested in studying ostracism by providing a framework of prior literature and directions for future study.
