Cofinitely g‐radical supplemented modules Nebiyev, Celil
Mathematical methods in the applied sciences,
June 2021, 2021-06-00, 20210601, Letnik:
44, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this work, all rings have unity and all modules are unital left modules. Let M be an R‐module. If every cofinite submodule of M has a g‐radical supplement in M, then M is called a cofinitely ...g‐radical supplemented module. In this work, some properties of cofinitely g‐radical supplemented modules are investigated. It is clear that every cofinitely g‐supplemented module is cofinitely g‐radical supplemented. Hence, cofinitely g‐radical supplemented modules are more general than cofinitely g‐supplemented modules.
We modeled the photovoltaic conversion of all‐perovskite (PVK) double‐ and triple‐junction solar modules to clarify the configurations suitable for the monolithically series‐interconnected structure, ...which offers high scalability by fully exploiting the advantages of the thin‐film modules over wafer‐based crystalline‐silicon modules. We first formulated the photovoltaic processes of single cells and modules by reference to previously reported data, next optimized the module structure parameters including the bandgaps of PVKs, cell widths, and transparent‐electrode thicknesses, and then evaluated the annually averaged conversion efficiencies (ηannual) defined by the ratio of the annual energy yield to the annual insolation in outdoor environments using a meteorological database. The double‐junction four‐terminal (2J‐4T) module overcomes the shortcomings involved in the two‐terminal module consisting of series‐connected top and bottom cells, providing higher ηannual and more options of the top‐cell bandgap; the latter allows us to select a more durable PVK composition. However, the dual output (four terminals) is practically a serious drawback. The double‐junction voltage‐matched (2J‐VM) configuration eliminates this drawback, that is, realizes the single output (two terminals) with taking over the advantages of 2J‐4T, and hence, 2J‐VM would be the most promising candidate. However, when the VM configuration is applied to the triple‐junction modules, the ohmic loss and optical loss in the transparent electrodes used for the three submodules are more detrimental. To mitigate this shortcoming, we proposed a new configuration of the triple‐junction series/parallel‐connecting voltage‐matched (3J‐SPVM) module. This uses only two substrates with securing high ηannual and other advantages of the VM configuration, which contributes to cost reduction. Consequently, 3J‐SPVM is potentially the most promising configuration for widespread use.
The voltage‐matched configuration and series/parallel‐connecting voltage‐matched configuration are potentially the most promising for all‐perovskite double‐ and triple‐junction solar modules of the monolithically series‐interconnected structure, respectively. These modules provide high conversion efficiency in outdoor environments with a single output (two terminals), and potentially high durability and low costs.
In this paper we generalize a shift theorem, which plays a key role in studying representations of
, the product category of the category of finite sets and injections, and classify finitely ...generated injective
-modules over a field of characteristic 0.
Abstract
Test fixture is connected with the ATS automatic test system and the power module under test device, is an important component to achieve the power module test, its suitability, precision, ...opearbility also directly affect the accuracy of the test and the convenience of disassembly. Based on MORNSUN series DC-DC module, this paper aims to design a pin type test fixture with wide applicability, simple structure and convenient operation, and solve the problem of lack of test fixture in the actual test.
Accurate and automatic segmentation of medical images is a crucial step for clinical diagnosis and analysis. The convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches based on the U-shape structure have ...achieved remarkable performances in many different medical image segmentation tasks. However, the context information extraction capability of single stage is insufficient in this structure, due to the problems such as imbalanced class and blurred boundary. In this paper, we propose a novel Context Pyramid Fusion Network (named CPFNet) by combining two pyramidal modules to fuse global/multi-scale context information. Based on the U-shape structure, we first design multiple global pyramid guidance (GPG) modules between the encoder and the decoder, aiming at providing different levels of global context information for the decoder by reconstructing skip-connection. We further design a scale-aware pyramid fusion (SAPF) module to dynamically fuse multi-scale context information in high-level features. These two pyramidal modules can exploit and fuse rich context information progressively. Experimental results show that our proposed method is very competitive with other state-of-the-art methods on four different challenging tasks, including skin lesion segmentation, retinal linear lesion segmentation, multi-class segmentation of thoracic organs at risk and multi-class segmentation of retinal edema lesions.
Matlis showed that an injective module over a commutative Noetherian ring R can be completely decomposed as a direct sum of indecomposable injective submodules. In this paper, we prove the Matlis' ...Theorem for almost Dedekind domains. Then we characterize the secondary modules and classify the indecomposable secondary modules over almost Dedekind domains. Also we prove every P-secondary module over an almost Dedekind domain is pure-injective, where
Finally, we characterize the representable finitely generated modules over almost Dedekind domains.
This paper addresses the influences of device and circuit mismatches on paralleling the silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. Comprehensive theoretical analysis and experimental validation from paralleled ...discrete devices to paralleled dies in multichip power modules are first presented. Then, the influence of circuit mismatch on paralleling SiC MOSFETs is investigated and experimentally evaluated for the first time. It is found that the mismatch of the switching loop stray inductance can also lead to on-state current unbalance with inductive output current, in addition to the on-state resistance of the device. It further reveals that circuit mismatches and a current coupling among the paralleled dies exist in a SiC MOSFET multichip power module, which is critical for the transient current distribution in the power module. Thus, a power module layout with an auxiliary source connection is developed to reduce such a coupling effect. Finally, simulations and experimental tests are carried out to validate the analysis and effectiveness of the developed layout.
This paper reviews and analyzes technological design options, which have become available to date for BIPV systems on roofs and facades, independently of specific products or building projects. This ...means that this survey does not analyze existing products or realized buildings, but provides an overview of the technologies for BIPV. The starting point is an analysis of the relevance of BIPV technologies for the decarbonization of energy systems, providing energy for direct use of electricity and sector coupling together with an analysis of the German BIPV market. The paper presents the wide range of technical design options for BIPV systems and categorizes and analyzes them to provide a structured overview. This comprises a detailed analysis of the design options for BIPV modules, in which not only the design options for the PV cell layer were comprehensively investigated, but also the different variants of embedding materials, front and rear cover materials, additional interlayers and electrical module layout. Two fundamental module-level design options were investigated in particular detail: The use of PV cells as basic elements of patterns and the use of color to conceal the PV cells. Subsequently, options for the design of complete electrical systems are reviewed, ranging from sub-module level design parameters to building energy systems. Design options for the constructional integration of BIPV modules in the building envelope complete the review of technological design possibilities.
We study characterizations of sincere modules, sincere silting modules and tilting modules in terms of various vanishing conditions. Let R be a perfect ring and T be an R-module. It is proved that T ...is sincere silting if and only if T is presilting satisfing the vanishing condition
KerExt
R
0
≤
i
≤
1
(
T
,
−
)
=
0
, and that T is tilting if and only if
KerExt
R
0
⩽
i
⩽
1
(
T
,
−
)
=
0
and
Gen
T
⊆
KerExt
R
1
⩽
i
⩽
2
(
T
,
−
)
. As an application, we prove that a sincere silting R-module T of finite projective dimension is tilting if and only if
Ext
R
i
(
T
,
T
(
J
)
)
=
0
for all sets J and all integer
i
≥
1
. This not only extends a main result of Zhang's paper Self-orthogonal τ-tilting modules and tilting modules, J Pure Appl Algebra, 2022, 226: 106860 from finitely generated modules over Artin algebras to infinitely generated modules over more general rings, but also gives it a different proof without using Auslander-Reiten translations.
Temporal action localization is currently an active research topic in computer vision and machine learning due to its usage in smart surveillance. It is a challenging problem since the categories of ...the actions must be classified in untrimmed videos and the start and end of the actions need to be accurately found. Although many temporal action localization methods have been proposed, they require substantial amounts of computational resources for the training and inference processes. To solve these issues, in this work, a novel temporal-aware relation and attention network (abbreviated as TRA) is proposed for the temporal action localization task. TRA has an anchor-free and end-to-end architecture that fully uses temporal-aware information. Specifically, a temporal self-attention module is first designed to determine the relationship between different temporal positions, and more weight is given to features within the actions. Then, a multiple temporal aggregation module is constructed to aggregate the temporal domain information. Finally, a graph relation module is designed to obtain the aggregated graph features, which are used to refine the boundaries and classification results. Most importantly, these three modules are jointly explored in a unified framework, and temporal awareness is always fully used. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform all state-of-the-art methods on the THUMOS14 dataset with an average mAP that reaches 67.6% and obtain a comparable result on the ActivityNet1.3 dataset with an average mAP that reaches 34.4%. Compared with A2Net (TIP20), PCG-TAL (TIP21), and AFSD (CVPR21) TRA can achieve improvements of 11.7%, 4.4%, and 1.8%, respectively on the THUMOS14 dataset.
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