The identification of both the organic and inorganic fraction of dyes and pigments is fundamental for their complete characterization and to assess the technologies used in their production.
In this ...work, the feasibility of determining metallic elements used as mordant for dyed textiles was tested using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry (LIBS) in combination with liquid micro-extraction. Both reference laboratory-dyed and historic textiles were analysed in this study. Samples were first analysed without any preparation. Then, the chromophores-containing molecules were separated using a sample preparation procedure based on aqueous hydrolysis, and analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. The same extracts, containing also the inorganic fraction, were analysed by Surface-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (SENLIBS) after drying on a solid substrate.
Compared to the direct analysis, the SENLIBS method improved the sensitivity of the measurements. The procedure presented here allowed for the characterization of both organic and inorganic fraction of a single textile micro sample, thus avoiding further sampling.
•Combination of liquid analysis with surface enhanced LIBS.•Elemental analysis in textile samples after micro-extraction procedure.•Organic fraction characterized by HPLC-DAD.•This method improved the sensitivity of LIBS in liquids analysis.
Abstract
Cotton fabrics processed in dyes with different mordants and staining pH might alter colors variation and dye absorption. A recent study showed a mixture of
Aspergillus
and
Paecilomyces
can ...be used to dye cotton fabric using five different mordant chemicals, CuSO
4
.5H
2
O, FeSO
4
.7H
2
O, KAl (SO
4
)2.12H
2
O, K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, and MnSO
4
.H
2
O, and three distinctive dyeing pH (3, 7, and 11). Both fungi were collectively cultured on mineral salt glucose medium to a stationary stage in dark conditions for four weeks. The RHS color chart was used to determine the color of the filtrate and the spectrum of colors created on dyed materials. The results suggested that the color development and dye absorption of the fabrics were greatly affected by chemical compounds of mordant and the acidity degree of the dyeing process. The pH of the dyeing process has a greater impact on the absorption of fungal dyes by cloth than the mordant. Colors formed on cotton fabric can add colors variation to textile dyeing.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of tannin mordant from Psidium guajava leaves, Peltophorum pterocarpum bark, and Coffea arabica leaves in cotton batik dyeing using tingi bark ...(Ceriops tagal). This research was conducted by initial quantitative analysis of each extract to measure the quantity of tannin using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with tannic acid as a standard solution. The next process was a fabric pre-mordanting using each mordant extract, batik process, coloring with tingi bark extract, and post-mordanting using each alum solution and guava leaves extract. The dyed batik fabric was tested toward its color intensity and durability/fastness properties. From the quantitative analysis, guava leaves extract contains the biggest tannin content compared with jambal bark and coffee leaves extract, which is 1151.5 μg/mL. The dyed sample from combination of Guava leaves extract pre-mordanting with alum post-mordanting provided the best color intensity of 15.52. While all variables had an equal good value for washing fastness. It can be concluded that all material had potential as natural mordant for cotton batik dyeing with natural dye, but with consideration of using metal mordant for combination to get better results in terms of both color intensity and fastness properties.Keywords: batik; biomordant; natural dye; tannin mordant A B S T R A KTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja mordan tanin dari daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava), kulit kayu jambal (Peltophorum pterocarpum) dan daun kopi (Coffea arabica) dalam pewarnaan kain batik katun dengan pewarna alami tingi (Ceriops tagal). Penelitian dilakukan dengan terlebih dahulu mengukur kadar tanin total dari masing-masing ekstrak secara kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan larutan standar asam tanat. Proses selanjutnya adalah mordan awal kain menggunakan masing-masing ekstrak mordan, pembatikan, pewarnaan menggunakan ekstrak kulit kayu tingi, dan mordan akhir menggunakan masing-masing larutan tawas dan ekstrak daun jambu biji. Kain batik berwarna diuji ketuaan warna dan ketahanan luntur warnanya. Dari hasil analisis kuantitatif, didapatkan kandungan tanin terbesar dari ekstrak daun jambu biji yaitu 1.151,5 μg/mL. Hasil uji ketuaan warna paling besar didapatkan dari perlakuan mordan awal daun jambu biji dan mordan akhir tawas dengan nilai 15,52, sedangkan ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian secara rata-rata memberikan nilai 4 (baik) untuk semua variabel. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil yaitu ekstrak daun jambu biji, kulit kayu jambal, dan daun kopi memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan mordan pada pewarnaan batik. Penggunaan ketiga bahan mordan alami memerlukan kehadiran mordan logam untuk memperkuat intensitas warna dan ketahanan luntur warna kain.Kata kunci: batik; biomordan; mordan tannin; pewarna alam
Synthetic colorants used for dye and mordant purposes in textile industries are currently causing environmental problems in the world. The usage of these synthetic colorants is a major health problem ...and harms the environment. For this reason, synthetic colorants should be replaced by natural colorants. Therefore, this study aimed to extract natural dye stuff from spent coffee ground and bio-mordant from mango bark. The raw materials were collected, washed, dried, crushed and their physico-chemical properties were determined. Finally, the samples were extracted by using the solvent extraction method. During the extraction process, the central composite design method (CCD) was used to analyze and optimize the effect of dosage (g/l), temperature (℃) and time (min). The maximum natural dye yield value of 18.41% was obtained at a dosage of 60 g/l, temperature of 70°C and time of 90 min. Also, the highest natural mordant yield of 19.03% was achieved at the value of 45 g/l, 70°C and 90 min. The fastness properties of dyed and mordanted cotton fabric results were within a range of acceptable standard values. Therefore, using spent coffee grounds for natural dyes and mango bark for natural mordant can be a feasible commercial alternative to synthetic dyes in textile and dyeing industries.
In recent years, natural dyes are gaining importance in textile dyeing applications as they are renewable and biodegradable. In the present study, we selected Eleutherine bulbosa bulbs as a source of ...natural colorant for dyeing cotton fabrics. Water was used for the extraction of dye, a step toward eco-friendly dyeing. The dyeing was carried out with different mordants and color fastness properties were determined. Relatively higher color strength values were obtained with Myrobalan fruit extract (Mfe- 4.267) and Pomegranate rind extract (Pre- 2.731) as mordants. With Mfe and Pre good color strength values were retained even after detergent wash (3.103 and 1.865) or light exposure (3.689 and 2.395). A combination of Eleutherine dye with turmeric extract was also experimented. Results showed better color strength values with Mfe (4.304) and Pre (3.120). The color retainability after detergent wash (2.960 and 2.100) or light exposure (4.186 and 2.911) was also good with these mordants. Results revealed that E. bulbosa could be used as a source of an ecofriendly dye for cotton fabrics, and the dye-fixing is most effective with the natural mordant myrobalan. The composition of dye extract was analyzed by LCMS technique, 15 compounds were detected, most of which are quinone derivatives.
This study was conducted to develop an effective mordanting method for black color expression of silk and cotton fabrics using the neutral extract (NE) of
Pinus radiata
bark and various iron ...mordants. Also, mordanting characteristics of iron salts in equimolar concentrations were evaluated. The mordanting was carried out in methods of pre-, post-, and pre- and then post-mordanting in one process with ferrous sulfate (FeSO
4
), ferrous chloride (FeCl
2
), ferrous acetate (Fe(CO
2
CH
3
)
2
), ferrous lactate (Fe-lac, Fe(CH
3
CH(OH)CO
2
)
2
, ferric sulfate (Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
), and ferric chloride (FeCl
3
). The mordant concentration was 1 mM o.w.f. (on the weight of fabric); 0.5 mM for Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. The colors of mordanted silk fabrics ranged from dark brown to black and that of mordanted cotton fabric were in the range of light grayish-brown to gray. Using ferrous ion (Fe
2+
) and post-mordanting methods led to the expression of darker colors and the divalent and trivalent cations (Fe ions) were found to influence dark color expression. The color of silk fabric in the presence of the combination of Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
pre- and Fe-lac post-mordanting (PSPL) was closest to the silk fabric dyed with synthetic black dye. Based on the colorfastness assessment, an increase in the light fastness of PSPL silk fabric was observed along with a decrease in the rubbing fastness compared to the non-mordanted silk.
The waste management subject is a very important issue today and in the future. Therefore, lots of scholars are endeavoring to investigate the valorization of wastes from different sources, such as ...paper, metal, glass, and vegetables. In this study, the pistachio soft and hard shells, as an industrial waste material, were used as natural dye sources. For this purpose, waste were collected from Gaziantep province in the south of Türkiye. Then, the soft and hard pistachio shells that had been dried in the shadow were investigated in terms of FTIR analysis and then used as a dyestuff source in the dyeing of cotton fabrics with the help of bio-mordants and metal mordants. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of the soft and hard shell of pistachio was assessed through the DPPH and FRAP assay methods, and the antibacterial activities were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for selected dyed samples. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the CIE L*a*b* color values and (K/S) of cotton fabrics that had been dyed. The results exhibited that the tested wastes could be useful for the coloration of the cotton fabrics, and depending on the used natural dye source, mordanting agent, and mordanting method, the colors were found to have changed, but in general, light brown-ecru-brown colors were observed in the dyed samples. Meanwhile, the fastness of the samples was examined, and the sources were found to exhibit limited light fastness values but good or perfect washing, rubbing, and perspiration fastness. In conclusion, the evaluated conditions were found to be useful for the coloration of cotton, and even more importantly, the pistachio soft and hard shells were observed to reveal great potential for use in textile dye houses as a natural dye source.
Most synthetic dyes used in the textile industry are non-biodegradable, carcinogenic, and significantly harm the environment. Recent years have seen a significant increase in interest in natural dyes ...as a means of avoiding the environmental issues associated with synthetic colorants. This research focuses on the extraction of natural dyes from mahogany wood waste and the identification of environmentally safe ways for dyeing organic nonwoven cotton fabric. Natural coloring compounds were isolated using an aqueous extraction method, and organic cotton fabric was colored with the extracts after being mordanted with several mordant types including ferrous sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, and stannous chloride. The wash, light, rubbing, and perspiration fastness qualities of colored organic cotton fabric were investigated. The organic cotton fabric colored with wood waste was found to have good to excellent fastness qualities, when it was mordanted with a combination of ferrous sulfate 2%, potassium aluminum sulfate 2%, and stannous chloride 1%. Using the conditions, the color strength value was also found higher, and it was 4.28. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the dye particles were present on the dyed fabric surfaces. Therefore, utilizing naturally derived dyes from mahogany wood waste to color organic cotton fabric may be a good substitute for synthetic dyes in the textile sector due to environmental concerns.
Display omitted
•Natural dyes were extracted from the wood wastage of mahogany tree using aqueous extractions methods.•The organic nonwoven cotton fabric was dyed using naturally extracted dyes and shown a higher color strength of 4.28.•Eco-coloration of organic nonwoven cotton fabric shown excellent fastness properties.•The extracted natural dyes can be an alternative of synthetic dyes in the textile dyeing industry.
Tamarind seed coat tannin was extracted and its tannin class was determined. The extracted tannin was employed as a natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate ...for cotton, wool and silk fabrics and dyed using natural dyes namely turmeric and pomegranate rind. The colour strength, colour coordinates, wash and light fastness were evaluated and compared for all the three fabrics with and without mordanting. The pre-mordanted fabrics on dyeing gave better colour strength, wash and light fastness than those dyeing obtained without mordanting. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated and minimum inhibition concentration was 1% against both the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The mordanted and dyed fabrics resulted in good antibacterial activity up to 20 washes, when natural mordant was used along with 0.5% and 1% copper sulphate mordant and dyed with natural dyes.
To reuse camellia husk waste and expand the scope of natural dyes, this research proposes pigment extraction from camellia husks and investigates various properties when applied on silk fabrics. ...Single-factor experiments were used to screen and optimize the dyeing process. The extracted pigments and dyed fibers were analyzed and characterized by LC-MS, FTIR and SEM, respectively. Six metal mordants were compared with each other, and their possible mordanting mechanisms were proposed. Color fastness, UV resistance, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties were evaluated after dyeing. The results showed that the optimal dyeing process was as follows: dyestuff mass 50 g L
−1
, holding time 45 min, bath pH 3.0, holding temperature 100 °C. LC-MS and FTIR results showed that the pigments in the extracts were mainly dimeric and multimeric procyanidins. Metal ion addition increased the
K
/
S
value while the pre-mordanting method had a superior dyeing depth. The rubbing and washing fastness of the dyed fabric were all above grade 4.0. Meanwhile, the dyed sample exhibited favorable UV resistance, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties, including a UPF index of 63.4 and an inhibition rate of 98.74% and 97.39% for
S. aureus
and
E. coli
, respectively.
The camellia husk natural dye extraction process.
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