Applications in Sport: A clear understanding of why athletes decide to wear or not wear neck braces in motocross would help various stakeholders identify barriers to device use, develop better ...methods for encouraging its adoption, and improve the overall safety of athletes participating in the popular but understudied sport.
OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type and severity of orthopaedic and associated injuries for snowmobile, All-terrain vehicles (ATV) and motorized dirtbike accidents in a ...pediatric patient population.
METHODS:A total of 758 patients who presented following either snowmobile (n=87), ATV-related (n=308) or dirtbike (n=363)-related trauma at our institution between 1996 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS:A total of 441 axial and appendicular fractures occurred requiring 533 procedures. Snowmobile and dirtbike accidents were associated with a higher rate of fractures (63%, 64%) than the ATV group (50%) (P=0.0008). Snowmobile injuries had the highest rate of spinal (23%) and lower extremity fractures (53%) (P=0.0004). Snowmobile and dirtbike cohorts had higher rate of femur fractures (22%, 17%, P=0.001) whereas the ATV cohort had higher rates of upper extremity (18%), hand (11%), scapula (4.6%), and open fractures (28.6%) (P<0.01). Head trauma was the most commonly associated injury in 275 patients with the highest rate in the ATV group (44%) who also had the highest rate of no helmet use (76%). Snowmobile and ATV patients had higher Injury Severity Score (11.3, 9.6) than dirtbike patients (7.8) (P=0.001). ATV patients were found to be younger (11.8 y) compared with snowmobile (13.2 y) and dirtbike (13.5 y) (P<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS:Pediatric snowmobile, ATV and dirtbike accidents result in severe orthopaedic and associated injuries with each vehicle demonstrating significantly different injury patterns. Injury prevention should focus on improved safety mechanisms, protective gear, safe areas for off-road vehicle use and strict laws with minimum age requirements
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level IV.
Background
Motocross is a high-risk form of motorbiking where serious injuries occur regularly, although little data have been collected to illustrate this relationship. Over 5 years, teams from RJAH ...Oswestry and RSH sought to demonstrate the impact of Motocross on orthopaedic presentation and workload.
Method
Data were collected prospectively over 5 years including 615 orthopaedic injuries associated with both recreational and competitive motocross.
Results
An increase in injury and operation frequency was observed, young males were identified as the highest risk participant. This was evident over winter and weekends, during the competitive racing season. A variety of injuries have been implicated, some with life threatening or disabling consequences.
Conclusion
Motocross has seen exponential growth in popularity with increases in injuries and operations. This implicates major impacts on finances and healthcare, especially at times of seasonal vulnerability. The authors encourage event organisers to explore the avenues of rider safety in this increasingly popular sport.
Motocross-related injury patterns and outcomes are poorly understood. The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the epidemiology, injury patterns, and outcomes of motocross collisions. These ...parameters were compared with motorcycle collisions for context.
The National Trauma Databank (NTDB) (2007-14) was used to identify and compare injured motorcycle and motocross riders. Variables extracted were demographics, Abbreviated Injury Scale for each body area, Injury Severity Score, and emergency department vital signs. Outcomes included mortality, ventilation days, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay.
Of the 5,774,836 NTDB patients, 141,529 were involved in motocross or motorcycle collisions (31,252 motocross and 110,277 motorcycle). Overall, 94.4% were drivers and 87.4% were male. Motocross riders were younger (23 vs. 42, p < 0.001), more likely to use helmets (68.9% vs. 54.1%, p < 0.001), and less likely to have used alcohol (8.4% vs. 23.0%, p < 0.001). Head and chest injuries were less common in motocross patients (28.6% vs. 37.2%, p < 0.001; 25.5% vs. 37.7%, p < 0.001, respectively), as were Injury Severity Score of greater than 15 and Glasgow Coma Scale of less than or equal to 8 (18.2% vs. 28.1%, p < 0.001; 3.7% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.001, respectively). Overall mortality was significantly lower in the motocross group (0.3% vs. 1.4%, p < 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified age of older than 60 years, Glasgow Coma Scale of less than or equal to 8, hypotension on admission, head Abbreviated Injury Scale of greater than or equal to 3, and riding a motorcycle, either as a driver or passenger, to be independent predictors of mortality. Subgroup analysis revealed being a motocross driver or passenger to be an independent predictor of improved survival (odds ratio OR, 0.458; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.359-0.585; p < 0.001 and OR, 0.127; CI 95%, 0.017-0.944; p = 0.044, respectively). Helmets were protective against mortality for all patients (OR, 0.866; 95% CI, 0.755-0.992; p = 0.039).
Motocross and motorcycle collisions are distinct mechanisms of injury. Motocross riders are younger, more likely to wear protective devices, and less likely to use alcohol. Motocross collisions are associated with better outcomes compared with motorcycle collisions. Wearing a helmet is associated with improved survival for all riders.
Retrospective epidemiological study, level IV.
•Off-road motorcycle sports are increasingly popular, however paediatric injuries frequently occur and are associated with significant morbidity.•Concerns regarding the safety of this sport are ...highlighted by the death of four children (2010-2017) and the number of children sustaining major trauma.•While paediatric off-road motorcycle trauma presentations to hospital are less in number compared to other sports, the injury risk and severity is higher.•Riders and parents need to be aware of these risks, and organised events need to have adequate on-site first aid facilities.
Paediatric participation in competitive and recreational off-road motorcycle sports is increasing in popularity worldwide, however injuries frequently occur and the sport is associated with significant morbidity.
This study describes the profile of paediatric off-road motorcycle trauma attended by emergency medical services (EMS) in Victoria, Australia.
A retrospective review included paediatric (<16 years) competitive and recreational off-road motorcycle patients attended by EMS between 2010 and 2017 in the State of Victoria, Australia. Patient characteristics and injuries sustained were described using descriptive statistics. Predictors of EMS transport were identified using multivariable logistic regression analyses.
There were 1,479 paediatric motocross patients attended by EMS between 2010 and 2017. This represents 1.6% of the total state-wide EMS paediatric trauma (<16 years) workload, and equates to an average incidence of 22.2 per 100,000 population. The median age of patients was 13 years (IQR: 10-14) and 89.5% were male. The most common final diagnoses recorded by paramedics were 'fractures' (25.5%, n = 377) and 'unspecified pain' (19.5%, n = 289). Administration of analgesia (76.3%) was the most common EMS management, followed by spinal immobilisation (54.7%) and splinting (33.4%). The vast majority (91.5%) of patients were transported to hospital by EMS. Following admission, 38 (2.6%) patients were confirmed to have sustained major trauma, 78.9% of which had been transported direct from scene to a major trauma centre for definitive care. Median ISS for confirmed major trauma patients was 14 (IQR: 14-22). Four (0.4%) patients received pre-hospital CPR. All four sustained injuries from recreational off-road, motorcycle activities and all four cases died, two at the scene and two in-hospital.
Off-road motorcycle activities are an important cause of death and injury in Victorian children, as highlighted and demonstrated by the four deaths and high EMS transport rates borne out in this study. Riders and parents need to be aware of these risks, and organised events must have adequate on-site medical care resources.
Supercross is characterized by fast and skillful movements, with high concentration being required on an indoor competition circuit, due to the demanding jumps and short distances to the next ...obstacle. The injuries can turn out to be diverse, including polytraumatization. This paper aims to evaluate the accidents and possible injuries in a single Supercross competition. To what extent is the presence of medical staff required?
During the 17th International Supercross Event in Chemnitz, 93 participants started in 5 classes. Severe injuries were treated at the track, through the emergency department and hospital stay to their discharge.
Overall 5 participants (4.65%) had to be admitted to the clinic:
Injuries from risky jumps at relatively high speed can range from minor contusions to fractures and serious injuries. The permanent readiness of medical staff and emergency doctors at the site is therefore justified and required. The variety of injuries in a Supercross event can affect the head and face, the upper- and lower extremities, thoracal- and abdominal traumas and especially the spine. In addition, a special training concept in terms of preventive measures to prevent falls would be desirable.
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