Pediatric oncology integrative medicine is a growing field which needs further dedicated studies to expand the general awareness about the role of integrative therapies in mitigating the pediatric ...oncology experience. The present study intended to discover the potential of an innovative approach known as Freestyle Motocross Therapy (FMX Therapy) to support hospitalized pediatric cancer patients, their parents and doctor-nurse professionals. The specific aim was to explore if the quality of their oncology experience improved after FMX Therapy.
This was a pre-post interventional study involving 50 pediatric patients with oncological disease (average age 9.2; 43 % male; 73 % leukemia diagnosis), 50 parents (average age 33.2; 83 % female) and 25 doctor-nurse professionals (95 % female).
The self-report questionnaire was completed by children/adolescents, parents and professionals before (Time 0) and after (Time 1) FMX Therapy, to assess several health outcome measures (e.g., pain, stress).
After therapy, results showed a reduction in the average perception of pain in children/adolescents (Time 0 = 3.34 vs Time 1 = 1.66, p < .0001) and in the average perception of stress in parents (Time 0 = 6.92 vs Time 1 = 4.06, p < .0001). For both patients and parents, there was an increase in positive emotions and a reduction in negative emotions after FMX Therapy. Doctor-nurse professionals also highlighted the positive effects of FMX Therapy.
FMX Therapy improves the pediatric oncology experience, and it appears to have all the features to be considered a nascent field with great potential as integrative medicine for patients, parents and professionals.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to report the spectrum of injuries sustained by competitive paediatric motocross athletes at a level I trauma centre.
Patients and Methods
A retrospective study ...of paediatric competitive motocross injuries treated at a level I trauma centre between 2004 and 2014 was performed. Athletes were included if aged less than 18 years and injured while practising or competing on a competitive motocross track. Medical records were reviewed for age, gender, race, location of accident, use of safety equipment, mechanism of injury, injury type and severity, Glasgow Coma Score at hospital presentation and Injury Severity Score (ISS).
Results
In total, 35 athletes were studied. The average age was 14 years. One athlete died. Thirty athletes were injured during competition; five were injured during practice. Twenty-four athletes (69%) suffered an orthopaedic injury with a total of 32 fractures and two dislocations. Two fractures were open (6.3%). Lower extremity fractures were twice as common as upper extremity fractures. Surgery was more common for lower extremity fractures—83% versus 30%. The most common fractures were femoral shaft (18.8%), fibula (12.5%), clavicle (12.5%), tibial shaft (9.4%) and forearm (9.4%).
Conclusions
Competitive paediatric motocross athletes suffer serious, potentially life-threatening injuries despite the required use of protective safety equipment. Femoral shaft, fibula and clavicle were found to be the most commonly fractured bones. Further prospective research into track regulations, protective equipment and course design may reduce the trauma burden in this athlete population.
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the theoretical relationship between experience quality (EXQ), satisfaction and the behavioral intentions (BI) of Motocross World Championship ...spectators.Design/methodology/approachThe research data were collected from spectators who participated in the World Motocross Championship race held in Afyon, Turkey in 2018. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the relationship among the research variables.FindingsThe results showed EXQ had significant and direct effects on satisfaction and BI. In addition to this, satisfaction had a partial mediating effect between EXQ and BI.Originality/valueTo date there has been no empirical study examining the consumer behaviors of motocross event spectators. Consequently, this research provides important contributions to the literature and informs event organizers about the role of EXQ in terms of understanding the behavior of motocross event spectators.
Objective
Off‐road riding of quad bikes and motorcycles is common among children across rural and remote Australia, but is a significant source of injury and hospitalisation. An in‐depth analysis of ...paediatric off‐road vehicle crashes was undertaken to inform injury prevention countermeasures by characterising injury patterns and sources of injury.
Design
This is a prospective in‐depth case series.
Participants
Participants are children aged 16 and under who have been hospitalised due to injury sustained from the use of an off‐road motorcycle or quad bike in New South Wales, Australia.
Interventions
Crash investigation techniques (medical data, structured interview, vehicle and crash site inspection) were used to ascertain details of the crash event, protective gear, injury information and contributory factors.
Results
Thirty children were recruited, 27 boys and 3 girls, ranging in age from 4 to 16 years, having crashed on off‐road motorcycles (n = 27) or quads (n = 3). Most (73.3%) were participating in unstructured social riding. A total of 67 separate injuries were observed, with overall Injury Severity Scores between 1 and 35. There were high rates of wearing helmets and motorcycle‐specific garments. The most commonly injured areas were the upper and lower extremities. The most common sources of injury were from impacting the ground, obstacles/other riders or the vehicle.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates the patterns of riding and injury in rural paediatric off‐road vehicle riders, occurring despite high rates of helmet/protective gear use. This underscores the need for investigation into the injury mitigation and fit properties of protective gear and the inherent risks for physically and developmentally maturing children.
The aims of this study were to analyse the optimal cadence for peak power production and time to peak power in bicycle motocross (BMX) riders. Six male elite BMX riders volunteered for the study. ...Each rider completed 3 maximal sprints at a cadence of 80, 100, 120 and 140 revs · min
−1
on a laboratory Schoberer Rad Messtechnik (SRM) cycle ergometer in isokinetic mode. The riders' mean values for peak power and time of power production in all 3 tests were recorded. The BMX riders produced peak power (1105 ± 139 W) at 100 revs · min
−1
with lower peak power produced at 80 revs · min
−1
(1060 ± 69 W, (F(2,15) = 3.162; P = .266; η
2
= 0.960), 120 revs · min
−1
(1077 ± 141 W, (F(2,15) = 4.348; P = .203; η
2
= 0.970) and 140 revs · min
−1
(1046 ± 175 W, (F(2,15) = 12.350; P = 0.077; η
2
= 0.989). The shortest time to power production was attained at 120 revs · min
−1
in 2.5 ± 1.07 s. Whilst a cadence of 80 revs · min
−1
(3.5 ± 0.8 s, (F(2,15) = 2.667; P = .284; η
2
= 0.800) 100 revs · min
−1
(3.00 ± 1.13 s, (F(2,15) = 24.832; P = .039; η
2
= 0.974) and 140 revs · min
−1
(3.50 ± 0.88 s, (F(2,15) = 44.167; P = .006; η
2
= 0.967)) all recorded a longer time to peak power production. The results indicate that the optimal cadence for producing peak power output and reducing the time to peak power output are attained at comparatively low cadences for sprint cycling events. These findings could potentially inform strength and conditioning training to maximise dynamic force production and enable coaches to select optimal gear ratios.
ABSTRACTRylands, LP, Roberts, SJ, and Hurst, HT. Variability in laboratory vs. field testing of peak power, torque, and time of peak power production among elite bicycle motocross cyclists. J ...Strength Cond Res 29(9)2635–2640, 2015—The aim of this study was to ascertain the variation in elite male bicycle motocross (BMX) cyclistsʼ peak power, torque, and time of power production during laboratory and field-based testing. Eight elite male BMX riders volunteered for the study, and each rider completed 3 maximal sprints using both a Schoberer Rad Messtechnik (SRM) ergometer in the laboratory and a portable SRM power meter on an Olympic standard indoor BMX track. The results revealed a significantly higher peak power (p ≤ 0.001, 34 ± 9%) and reduced time of power production (p ≤ 0.001, 105 ± 24%) in the field tests when compared with laboratory-derived values. Torque was also reported to be lower in the laboratory tests but not to an accepted level of significance (p = 0.182, 6 ± 8%). These results suggest that field-based testing may be a more effective and accurate measure of a BMX riderʼs peak power, torque, and time of power production.
Primary Objective: The American Motorcyclist Association requires professional riders to undergo baseline computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT) using the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and ...Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) test for concussion management. It is recommended this practice be expanded to the amateur level, but limited research has explored whether baseline testing is necessary for youth when normative data is available. This study evaluates the utility of baseline testing for amateur riders by comparing their performance to those of traditional youth sports comprising normative datasets.
Design/Methods: An cross-sectional study comparing amateur motocross (N = 100) riders matched by age and sex to football (N = 100) and basketball (N = 100) athletes performance on baseline ImPACT testing.
Results: ANCOVAs revealed a significant medium effect of group on measures of visual motor speed (F = 11.25, p < 0.001) and reaction time (F = 13.61, p < 0.001). Post hoc analyses revealed that motocross riders were significantly slower compared to football and basketball athletes. There were no significant differences (p > .05) between sport on measures of memory or symptoms.
Conclusions: Youth motocross riders performed significantly slower on speed measures compared to football and basketball athletes, providing preliminary support for the expansion of baseline ImPACT testing to the amateur level.
PURPOSE:Pediatric motocross injuries occur frequently and with significant associated morbidity; however, data are limited regarding injury occurring during competition. North Central Florida hosts ...an annual motocross competition with numerous pediatric competitors. We sought to evaluate the rate and severity of injuries sustained at this event over a multiyear period. Our primary hypothesis was that motocross injury rates and severity in competition exceed that of other competitive sports in this age group.
METHODS:A retrospective review was performed to identify pediatric patients (17 and younger) presenting to a single Level 1 Trauma Center as a result of injury sustained at an annual motocross competition from 2009 to 2012. Demographic, diagnostic, and treatment data were collected including injuries, procedural interventions, and length of hospital stay. Rate, type, and severity of injury were evaluated and compared with established norms of other competitive sports in a similar age group.
RESULTS:Over a 4-year period, 51 pediatric motocross competitors sustained 75 injuries. Injured riders were 14.2±2.51 years (range, 8 to 17 y) old and 92% (47/51) male. Forty (78%) patients sustained at least 1 orthopaedic injury and 17 (33%) patients suffered polytrauma. The majority of injuries occurred in the upper extremity (36%). Twenty-four (47%) patients required procedural intervention, 15 of which were operative. Thirty-nine (76%) patients necessitated surgical specialty care. Average injury severity score was 6.5 (1 to 75) and 1 death occurred. The injury rate for pediatric motocross riders in this study was 19.9 injuries per 1000 competitors.
CONCLUSIONS:High rates of injury occur among pediatric patients in competitive motocross, exceeding those seen in other competitive sports in a comparable age group. Significant morbidity and at least 1 fatality were demonstrated in the group studied. The majority of patients suffer at least 1 orthopaedic injury and nearly all patients require pediatric surgical specialist care. Polytrauma is common. Motocross participants and parents should be aware of these risks of competition and event organizers should arrange events near facilities with appropriate pediatric surgical specialty services.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level IV—case series.
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