Abstract Background Motor vehicle–related injuries (including off-road) are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acute traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States. Objectives ...To describe motocross-related head and spine injuries of adult patients presenting to an academic emergency department (ED). Methods We performed an observational cohort study of adult ED patients evaluated for motocross-related injuries from 2010 through 2015. Electronic health records were reviewed and data extracted using a standardized review process. Results A total of 145 motocross-related ED visits (143 unique patients) were included. Overall, 95.2% of patients were men with a median age of 25 years. Sixty-seven visits (46.2%) were associated with head or spine injuries. Forty-three visits (29.7%) were associated with head injuries, and 46 (31.7%) were associated with spine injuries. Among the 43 head injuries, 36 (83.7%) were concussions. Seven visits (16.3%) were associated with at least 1 head abnormality identified by computed tomography, including skull fracture (n = 2), subdural hematoma (n = 1), subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 4), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (n = 3), and diffuse axonal injury (n = 3). Among the 46 spine injuries, 32 (69.6%) were acute spinal fractures. Seven patients (4.9%) had clinically significant and persistent neurologic injuries. One patient (0.7%) died, and 3 patients had severe TBIs. Conclusion Adult patients evaluated in the ED after motocross trauma had high rates of head and spine injuries with considerable morbidity and mortality. Almost half had head or spine injuries (or both), with permanent impairment for nearly 5% and death for 0.7%.
Pediatric and adolescent injury in motocross Nesvick, Cody L; Kapurch, Joseph R; Daniels, David J
Research in sports medicine,
01/2018, Letnik:
26, Številka:
sup1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Motocross is a competitive outdoor extreme sport in which motorcyclists race across vast courses of jumps, berms and long straightaways of unpredictable terrain. While the sport has gained notoriety ...in adult popular culture through contests like the X Games, motocross is also increasingly popular among youth in the Unites States and beyond. In the setting of contemporary discussions on traumatic brain injury, this poses an obvious challenge to those advising children and parents on the risks of motocross to the developing brain and spine. The available literature demonstrates that even when practiced with appropriate protective equipment, motocross poses an increased risk for acquiring major trauma to the brain, spine and limbs for which the long-term consequences have been poorly studied. Riders and parents should be counseled about the risks of these injuries prior to participation and in accordance with state laws. Furthermore, formal return-to-play guidelines following concussions should be developed.
Action motorsports, including motocross, have been gaining popularity among children and adolescents, raising concerns for increased risk of concussions in participating youth. The authors undertook ...this study to test the following hypotheses: 1) that there is a high rate of concussion symptoms associated with a number of preventable or adjustable risk factors, and 2) that a high percentage of these symptoms are not be reported to adults and medical personnel.
The authors identified all motocross riders under the age of 18 at a regional racetrack during the riding season between May and October 2010. The participants completed questionnaires pertaining to demographic characteristics and variables associated with motocross. The questionnaire results were compared with the incidence of self-reported concussion symptoms.
Two hundred two riders were identified who met the criteria for participation in the study, and 139 of them completed the study questionnaire. Of these 139 riders, 67 (48%) reported at least 1 concussion symptom during the season. The majority of riders (98%) reported "always" wearing a helmet, and 72% received professional help with fitting of their helmets. Proper helmet fitting was associated with a 41% decreased risk of concussion symptoms (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.81, p < 0.01). Sixty-six riders (47%) reported having received sponsor support for motocross participation. Sponsor support conferred a relative risk for concussion symptoms of 1.48 (95% CI 1.05-2.08, p = 0.02).
Nearly half of all motocross competitors under the age of 18 reported concussion symptoms. Preventive measures are necessary to limit the negative impact from concussions. The risk of concussive injury can be decreased for pediatric motocross riders if they receive professional help with proper helmet fitting and through implementation of stricter guidelines regarding sponsorship.
The aim of this study was to ascertain if gear ratio selection would have an effect on peak power and time to peak power production in elite Bicycle Motocross (BMX) cyclists. Eight male elite BMX ...riders volunteered for the study. Each rider performed three, 10-s maximal sprints on an Olympic standard indoor BMX track. The riders' bicycles were fitted with a portable SRM power meter. Each rider performed the three sprints using gear ratios of 41/16, 43/16 and 45/16 tooth. The results from the 41/16 and 45/16 gear ratios were compared to the current standard 43/16 gear ratio. Statistically, significant differences were found between the gear ratios for peak power (F(2,14) = 6.448; p = .010) and peak torque (F(2,14) = 4.777; p = .026), but no significant difference was found for time to peak power (F(2,14) = 0.200; p = .821). When comparing gear ratios, the results showed a 45/16 gear ratio elicited the highest peak power,1658 ± 221 W, compared to 1436 ± 129 W and 1380 ± 56 W, for the 43/16 and 41/16 ratios, respectively. The time to peak power showed a 41/16 tooth gear ratio attained peak power in −0.01 s and a 45/16 in 0.22 s compared to the 43/16. The findings of this study suggest that gear ratio choice has a significant effect on peak power production, though time to peak power output is not significantly affected. Therefore, selecting a higher gear ratio results in riders attaining higher power outputs without reducing their start time.
This paper is aimed to describe the results of the study in assessing the efficiency of using biologically active dietary supplements (Molluskam, Maristim, Tinrostim, Krusmarin, DNK-algin) in the ...ration of motocross racers. Studying and enhancing the use of natural dietary biocorrectors in sportspersons' ration seeking to improve and accelerate the recovery of energy and reconstructive resources in their bodies is a rather urgent issue of sports training theory and practice. Multifacetedness of the dietary issue and its interrelation with the health, mental and physical working performance of a human are continuously attracting attention causing various theories, diets, and recommendations to emerge. However, not all of them may be successfully applied in sports practice, despite the positive role of certain provisions. Taking biocorrectors ensures a high level of working performance of motocross racers acknowledged by sport techniques and physical training at the background of immunomodulation effect. The biocorrectors specified in the article have antidoping certificates confirming their safety in the sports practice. Keywords: Motocross; Sports training; Dietary biocorrectors; Physical training; Sports; Technical qualification
A new method for granulating liquid muds was proposed. This method involves the crumbling of partially cemented muds. The crumbling is the re-stirring of the cement–mud mixture when certain time ...elapsed after the cement was added to the liquid muds. Laboratory experiments revealed that the cone indices of the cement-mud mixtures measured after they are primary cured can be used to control the possibility of granulation and the particle size of granules obtained. The test results also indicate that the granules show high potential for use in materials such as reclamation, subgrade or backfill materials. The application of this crumbling granulation method in the maintenance work of a motocross track was also presented in this study.
Background: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the forearm is traditionally treated with open compartment release requiring large incisions that can result in less than optimal ...esthetic results. The purpose of this study is to describe a case report of 2 professional motocross patients with forearm CECS treated endoscopically using a minimally invasive technique. Methods: Two professional motocross racers presented with a history of chronic proximal volar forearm pain when motocross riding. Other symptoms included paresthesia and weakness, which, at times, led to an inability to continue riding. Both failed conservative management. Compartment pressure measurements were performed before and after provocative exercises to confirm diagnosis of CECS. Release of both the volar and dorsal compartments was performed endoscopically through a single incision. Results: Symptoms resolved after surgery. The first patient resumed riding at 1 week, competing at 3 weeks, and continues to ride competitively without symptoms at 3 years postoperative. The second patient began riding at 1 week and won second place in the National Supercross finals 5 weeks after simultaneous bilateral release. Conclusions: This technique is simple and effective. The cannula used protects the superficial nerves while allowing release through a small, cosmetically pleasing incision.
The BMX start is one of the most important aspects of BMX racing and has been deemed by coaches as one of the strongest determining factors of finish line placing. The present study analysed the ...correlation between elite BMX riders and their relative position at the start of a BMX race in relation to finish line placing. Data from 348 riders results in 175 elite races in the four 2012 Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) world cup events were analysed. Time gates were placed in four positions around each BMX track and the data sets were analysed using Kendall's tau-b bivariante correlation. A strong correlation was established at the second time gate for both males (t=0.581, P<0.01) and females (t=0.571, P<0.01). The correlation between riders' final placing was greater in positions 1
st
to 3rd (t=0.586, P <0.01. 4th to 8th t=0.249, P <0.01) compared to riders placed 4th to 8
th
(t=0.519, P <0.01. 4
th
to 8th t=0.372, P <0.01.) for both male and female riders respectively. In conclusion, a strong correlation exists between riders position 8-10 s into a race. Therefore, focusing on a riders' ability to gain placings at the start of a race will have an effect on their finish line position.
Purpose
Although off-road motorcycling is one of the most popular sports activities practised by millions of people worldwide, little has been written on motocross injuries and their prevention. In ...the UK alone, motocross has grown into a phenomenally ambitious and popular franchise. There are >200 motocross clubs across the country holding >900 events annually. The aim of this study is to categorise and quantify the magnitude of motocross paediatric injuries and associated morbidity.
Methods
Data were collected prospectively over 4 years (2010−2014) at our unit. All injuries caused by motocross biking that were referred to our trauma and orthopaedic department were included in this study, regardless of whether the rider was performing the sport competitively or recreationally.
Results
During the study period, 130 patients (aged 4−17 years) were identified with a total of 142 injuries, ranging from one to six injuries per patient. Most of the injuries were sustained within the early spring and summer months, representing the start of the motocross season; 76 patients required hospital admission, with 60 (42 %) requiring surgical intervention.
Conclusion
We present the first epidemiological study of motocross paediatric injuries in the UK. The results from this study highlight the frequency and severity of motocross-related injuries in the paediatric population in the UK. This may assist in providing recommendations and guidelines to governing bodies and to parents. The injuries sustained during motocross have significant resource implications, especially for smaller rural hospitals, as shown by the number of injuries doubling over the past 4 years.
Modern motocross racing is a very demanding and a highly injury rated sport. Within a wide range of injuries, cervical spine injuries are most feared and can even end up in different forms of ...paraplegia. Worn around the neck and with a non-permanent connection to rider, neck braces primarily offer a protective purpose to prevent cervical spine injuries. Beside the protective purpose, neck braces can have a supporting or a fatigue effect to the rider's neck muscles, where the effects depend on the specific neck brace design and the contact occurring between helmet and brace. Within a field test one subject was measured. During on- track measurements the contact incidents of neck brace and helmet were recorded utilizing a self-made sensor construction. The sensor construction was based on 12 electrical push-buttons and was mounted at the helmet's underside. Contact data was stored using two portable data-logging systems. Additionally muscular activity of m. sternocleidomastoideus (scm) and the upper part of trapezius (trap) were recorded while riding using a portable EMG-system. The acquired EMG data delivered information about a change of neck muscle activity while riding with the neck brace system. Activation levels and distribution of muscular activity of m. sternocleidomastoideus and m. trapezius show divergent activation levels and a changed distribution of muscular activity in response to wearing a neck brace. Related to the data of specific contact areas, it could be observed that almost one fifth of total riding time, contact between helmet and neck brace could be recorded. Low and high frequent contact areas of helmet and neck brace were calculated for total riding time, single laps and specific events, whereby a decreasing trend of contact incicdents by increasing riding time was observed. The EMG and contact data obtained delivered information about a connection of the changes of neck muscle activity and the frequent contact areas of helmet and brace. It can be concluded that driving with neck brace affects the activation levels and distribution of muscular activity of the muscles observed. According to the recent results, the correlation of contact and EMG data could be used for further neck brace design improvements and specific design adaptations to special requirements of several bike sports.
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