Smart Garden is a system design created to make work in plantations easier. Currently, most Indonesians use sling type lawn mowers because they are cheap but can causing noise and air pollution. It ...can also cause CTDS in users due to bad posture while using the tool. The researchers innovated an IoT-based automatic cutting machine. Where in the machine application, the machine can be moved using a smartphone connected using bluetooth. Which consists of two options, namely machine and vacuum. The REBA method are used to analyzing ergonomics for all parts of the body and a usability method which will determine the extent to which the product can achieve effectiveness, efficiency and comfort. This data collection was carried out by distributing the SUS questionnaire. The REBA results showed that the average body posture at moderate risk had a score of 7.8 and 9 which required further analysis of the bent posture even though it was still classified as moderate. Meanwhile, the results of the usability approach use a questionnaire as a reference for processing data. From this data, users can accept the presence of the Control Smart System Application and are quite satisfied with the interface used.
Horticultural lawns include areas of land that are covered with sown grass in urban areas and require periodic mowing in order to best preserve their aesthetic and functional purpose. This activity ...may require significant involvement of human and material resources, especially in large public areas such as sports fields, parks and picnic areas. Thanks to the progress of computer technology, this tiresome routine work is gradually being taken over by robotic mowers that can bring significant savings in human and material resources. In this paper, the problem of robotic lawnmowers related to path planning in the working environment is presented. Commercial solutions to date are mostly based on choosing a random straight line path until the mower reaches a lawn boundary or obstacle, after which it turns in the opposite direction and continues mowing in an arbitrary direction. This paper presents a path planning method based on the Chinese postman's algorithm, which enables the planning of the most optimal path that the mower will take so that it mows the entire lawn in the most economical way.
Agricultural disc mowers are used to cut crops in the field and are exposed to cyclic loading during their lifetime. A cutterbar is an essential part of a disc mower and consists of multiple parts ...welded together. This paper aims to develop a finite element model of a cutterbar, which can be used for fatigue assessments of the welded joints. A quasi-static experiment has been performed to validate the finite element model based on strain measurements. The finite element model has been updated using a parameter based method as several discrepancies were observed. The updated model reduces the mean absolute error of strain values from 7.5 % to 4.7 %. The hot spot approach has then been used to analyze three different weld locations on the cutterbar. The fatigue criterion by the International Institute of Welding has been used to determine the relative fatigue lives of the weld locations. The back weld is shown to be most exposed, which fits well with results from prior experiments.
•A suite of low-complexity models was compared with a hydrodynamic model.•39 model configurations with three flood events and four terrain setups were tested.•National Water Model data were processed ...to generate boundary conditions.•All models produced nearly similar inundation extents with few discrepancies mostly in steep areas.•Depth simulations by low-complexity models were sensitive to levee or bathymetry.
The objective of this study is to compare two new generation low-complexity tools, AutoRoute and Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND), with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System, HEC-RAS 2D). The assessment was conducted on two hydrologically different and geographically distant test-cases in the United States, including the 16,900 km2 Cedar River (CR) watershed in Iowa and a 62 km2 domain along the Black Warrior River (BWR) in Alabama. For BWR, twelve different configurations were set up for each of the models, including four different terrain setups (e.g. with and without channel bathymetry and a levee), and three flooding conditions representing moderate to extreme hazards at 10-, 100-, and 500-year return periods. For the CR watershed, models were compared with a simplistic terrain setup (without bathymetry and any form of hydraulic controls) and one flooding condition (100-year return period). Input streamflow forcing data representing these hypothetical events were constructed by applying a new fusion approach on National Water Model outputs. Simulated inundation extent and depth from AutoRoute, HAND, and HEC-RAS 2D were compared with one another and with the corresponding FEMA reference estimates. Irrespective of the configurations, the low-complexity models were able to produce inundation extents similar to HEC-RAS 2D, with AutoRoute showing slightly higher accuracy than the HAND model. Among four terrain setups, the one including both levee and channel bathymetry showed lowest fitness score on the spatial agreement of inundation extent, due to the weak physical representation of low-complexity models compared to a hydrodynamic model. For inundation depth, the low-complexity models showed an overestimating tendency, especially in the deeper segments of the channel. Based on such reasonably good prediction skills, low-complexity flood models can be considered as a suitable alternative for fast predictions in large-scale hyper-resolution operational frameworks, without completely overriding hydrodynamic models’ efficacy.
The autonomous lawn mower “HerbF” to improve the golf course management efficiently was developed successfully. The “HerbF” project was initiated in 2018 with the aim of autonomously driving existing ...lawn mowers already owned by golf courses and transferring the skills of experienced keepers to the autonomous lawn mower. Our proposed autonomous driving system can be easily retrofit to existing lawn mowers. The experimental results in the golf course showed the practical feasibility of the autonomous lawn mower with the retrofittable autonomous driving control system.
Mobile robots designed for agricultural tasks need to deal with challenging outdoor unstructured environments that usually have dynamic and static obstacles. This assumption significantly limits the ...number of mapping, path planning, and navigation algorithms to be used in this application. As a representative case, the autonomous lawn mowing robot considered in this work is required to determine the working area and to detect obstacles simultaneously, which is a key feature for its working efficiency and safety. In this context, RGB-D cameras are the optimal solution, providing a scene image including depth data with a compromise between precision and sensor cost. For this reason, the obstacle detection effectiveness and precision depend significantly on the sensors used, and the information processing approach has an impact on the avoidance performance. The study presented in this work aims to determine the obstacle mapping accuracy considering both hardware- and information processing-related uncertainties. The proposed evaluation is based on artificial and real data to compute the accuracy-related performance metrics. The results show that the proposed image and depth data processing pipeline introduces an additional distortion of 38 cm.
Autonomous (i.e., robotic) mowers have recently garnered interest with the public and within the turfgrass industry. However, limited research has been conducted on their use for mowing warm-season ...turfgrasses. An experiment was conducted at the University of Florida’s West Florida Research and Education Center (Jay, FL, USA) to investigate the performance of an autonomous mower using a lower than recommended height-of-cut on St. Augustinegrass ( Stenotaphrum secundatum ). Treatments included an autonomous mower with a height-of-cut of 2.5 inches set to mow daily and a conventional mulching mower with weekly mowing at recommended height-of-cut of 3.5 inches. Data collection included weekly digital images that were subjected to digital image analysis to determine overall turfgrass quality, percent green cover, and uniformity. The autonomous mower resulted in greater overall turfgrass quality from January to March and in November, and greater green cover from November to April compared with conventional mowing. Additionally, the autonomous mower produced greater turfgrass uniformity than conventional mowing. Results indicate that autonomous mowers can be successfully used to maintain St. Augustinegrass at a lower than recommended height-of-cut.
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