The sustainable management of huge volume of agricultural waste in India can be resolved through composting and used as soil amendment. Agriculture waste compost amendments can optimistically alter ...the physicochemical (pH, C, N, & P) as well as biological nature (microbial activity/biomass and enzymatic activity) of infertile soil. Hence this study, the agriculture wastes such as sugarcane trash, corn stover, and pearl millet stalks were converted to composite through decomposition pit. Interestingly, test crops residues individual composites and their mixed form contained considerable quantity of vital elements like TC, TN, TP, TK, and C:N ratio and can effectively convert infertile soil to fertile soil. These test crop composites also had a significant impact on MBN (42.3 μg g−1), MBC (198.4 μg g−1), and MBP (196.4 μg g−1) in test soil, as well as dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity. However, the mixed composite effects are significantly greater than the individual test crop composite effects. Furthermore, it effectively remediates/converts infertile soil to fertile soil, and it ultimately demonstrated positive effects on Vigna mungo biometric (SH, RH, WB, and DB) and biomolecule (total chlorophyll, total carbohydrate, and total proteins) profiles, followed by individual test crop composites. According to the findings of this study, the incorporation of crop residue-based mixed composite significantly transforms infertile soil into fertile soil and promotes the growth of V. mungo.
•Effectively decompose the sugarcane trash, corn stover, & pearl millet stalks.•Each test crop composite contain vital elements like TC, TN, TP, TK, and C:N ratio.•Showed optimistic effects on MBN, MBC, and MBP in test (infertile) soil.•Also demonstrated fine dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity.•It also showed considerable effects on V. mungo biometric and biomolecule profiles.
Induced mutation in plant improvement has been proven to be one of the alternative ways to generate new sources of genetic variation in blackgram. In this study, dry seeds of VBN 4 blackgram were ...treated with combination treatment of both gamma rays (400, 500 and 600 Gy) and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) (50, 60 and 70 mM) to study the polygenic characters in M sub(2) generation. The mean values for plant height, number of primary branches, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and single plant yield decreased below the control in most of the treatments. The mean single plant yield was more than for the control at 400 Gy+60 mM and 600 Gy+50 mM. Moderate and high phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) were recorded in yield component characters such as plant height, number of primary branches, number of clusters per plant and number of pods per plant. A high amount of heritability and GA as per cent of mean was noted for plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds, 100 seed weight and single plant yield. This denoted that these characters are governed largely by additive gene effect, which may be favorably exploited for improvement through simple selection in M sub(2) generation.
Amine oxidases (AO) are a group of enzymes that catalyze oxidative deamination of various amines and thus are of potential use in analytical applications. Amine oxidase from five-day-old Vigna mungo ...L. seedlings (VAO) was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and Q-Sepharose chromatography to 544 purification folds with 65% yield. VAO apparently is a homodimer with denatured molecular weight of 73 kDa. This enzyme is relatively stable in a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0 and at temperature below 40 degree C with a complete activity loss upon storage at pH 4.0 or temperature over 60 degree C (1 h). Kinetics studies of VAO with putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine showed k sub(cat)/K sub(m) values of 2.54x10 super(7), 6.73x10 super(6), 2.65x10 super(5), and 3.31x10 super(3) M super(-1) s super(-1), respectively, with undetectable catalytic activity toward tryptamine. VAO was partially inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and completely inhibited by phenylhydrazine, suggesting it is likely a member of copper-containing AO family.
Tropospheric ozone, a phytotoxic air pollutant, has inadvertently increased since industrial era and its effect on agricultural crops has gained urgent scientific attention. The present study aims to ...evaluate the response of blackgram varieties (Vigna mungo L.) exposed to elevated ozone stress (100 ppb) with antiozonant (Ethylene diurea at 300 ppm). The study was conducted during two seasons and the effectiveness of ethylene diurea (EDU) was explored in terms of plant physiology, biochemistry, antioxidant enzymes, growth, yield and spectral reflectance of blackgram varieties. Ethylene diurea ameliorates the ozone stress by increasing photosynthetic rate by 40.78 and 37.21% in season I and 43.03 and 35.77% in season II for VBN3 and VBN8, respectively, and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase by 24.31 and 19.42% in season I and 22.59 and 18.59% in season II for VBN3 and VBN8, respectively. The growth indices and yield traits were significantly increased with the application of EDU and the effect was more pronounced in sensitive cultivar (VBN3) compared to the tolerant (VBN8) one. Spectral reflectance, a non-destructive study, further validates the effect of tropospheric ozone on blackgram varieties. Newly identified spectral indices R566, R573, and R564, R586 demonstrated the greatest potential in detecting ozone sensitivity of blackgram varieties.
The present contribution aims to question the past to highlight that the tourist success of the seaside resort of Agadir has roots anchored in the past that only History can decipher. It is certain ...that Agadir was well attended by Westerners. The travelers and the travel relationships who have praised them are not lacking. Some even predicted its future importance, it is as an example of Germain Mouette, or Henri Dugard who predicts that it will attract tourists later. Through the writings and impressions of travelers who have traveled this region, we will try to reconstruct this past while insisting on the opinions of those who predicted the future growth of Agadir and this even before the advent of tourism. mass. The political decision to close the port to trade affected this coastal city, a state that lasted until it reopened. This changed the situation and allowed the influx of capital and also Westerners. It should be noted that during the protectorate, Agadir was developed as a tourist city. After independence the same tourist policy that favors this seaside resort, was continued.
Induced mutation in plant improvement has been proven to be one of the ways used to generate new sources of genetic variations in creating new varieties of blackgram. This additional tool is ...important in plant improvement, which is a valuable approach for plant breeding in crop research. A study of the effects of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) on mutagenesis of blackgram was conducted to determine the effects of induced mutation on the species. Seeds of blackgram were treated with various doses/concentrations of gamma rays (40, 60 and 80 kR) and ethyl methanesulfonate (10, 15 and 20 mM). Mean performance of different quantitative traits was significantly better in 15 mM of EMS followed by 60 kR of gamma rays when compared with the control and other doses. Generally, higher doses of gamma rays and EMS (80 kR and 20 mM) that were particularly decreased had a pronounced effect on the plant growth and yield of blackgram. High values of heritability and genetic advance indicate the possibility of inducing desirable mutations for polygenic traits accompanied by effective selection in M sub(3) and later generations.
•Bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium was evaluated for antibacterial activity.•The bacteriocin was sensitive to protease treatment and most active at acidic pH.•The bacteriocin ...immobilization yield on NCC was 53.63% for E. faecium.•The bacteriocins immobilized on NCC showed 50% increase in antibacterial activity.
Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) isolated from Vigna mungo (Black gram) produced bacteriocin that inhibits both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and better heat stability (100 °C for 30 min). The bacteriocin was sensitive to protease treatment and most active in acidic pH. Bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus acidilactici was used for comparison. To enhance stability for diversified applications, the bacteriocin was immobilized by physical adsorption onto cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) extracted from cotton linters. The bacteriocin immobilization yield was 64.91% for P. acidilactici and 53.63% for E. faecium. The bacteriocin immobilized CNC was characterized by DLS particle sizing, FTIR and AFM to evaluate size distribution, chemical nature and surface morphology. The bacteriocins immobilized on CNC showed 50% increase in stability in terms of antibacterial activity. The enzymatic synthesis of CNC in combination with physical adsorption immobilization method for bacteriocin makes it an efficient system of producing antibacterial nanofillers for food packaging and bio-composites applications.
Various viral diseases affect the growth of the plants that causes a huge loss to farmers. If the viral infection could be noticed at earlier stages, then recovery procedures and respective action ...can be taken on time. Thus, there is a need for developing automatic viral infection detection methods for monitoring of crops analysing symptoms at different parts of plants. This paper proposes an automatic deep-learning-based viral infection detection method for a leguminous plant, Vigna mungo which is grown largely in the Indian subcontinent. Due to viral infection, some properties of the leaf image changes but the pattern is very random throughout the leaf structure. Hence, it is quite challenging to make an automatic disease detection method and perform the detection tasks in real-time. The collected image dataset of Vigna mungo leaves belonging to different categories are segmented and augmented to introduce more variety in the leaf image dataset. The convolutional neural network VirLeafNet is trained with different leaf images consisting of healthy, mild-infected and severely infected leaves for multiple epochs. The proposed methodology can be integrated with drones for wider crop area analysis. The proposed method is completely automatic, non-destructive and quickly classifies the leaf images of different categories in real-time. All the proposed models achieved high validation accuracy and yielded testing accuracy for VirLeafNet-1, VirLeafNet-2, and VirLeafNet-3 as 91.234%, 96.429%, and 97.403% respectively on different leaves images after extensive testing of the algorithm.
•Deep learning-based plant disease automatic detection method is proposed.•Image dataset of leaves of Vigna Mungo plant is created and trained.•Three Convolutional Neural Network architecture is presented in this paper.•Wireless drone and IP camera integrated monitoring system is also discussed.•The proposed detection method is automatic, non-destructive, accurate and fast.
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted a lot of attention after being tested in various agricultural plants. This paper reports the green synthesis of CeO
2
NPs and SiO
2
NPs from ...leaf extracts of
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
. The physical characteristics of the produced nanoparticles were then determined using UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the interaction effects of cerium oxide NPs (C1, C2, and C3) and silicon dioxide NPs (S1, S2, and S3) at 10 mg/L on blackgram (
Vigna mungo
L.) were evaluated. CeO
2
and SiO
2
NPs treatments enhanced the growth performance of the plants by causing a decrease in superoxide radical (SOR) and H
2
O
2
via improving antioxidant enzymes. These findings imply that the size and shape of CeO
2
and SiO
2
NPs provide defense against oxidative damage to the blackgram.
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•Ceramic UF membrane was developed using green synthesized ZnO NPs.•Average pore diameter of membrane was 39.8 Å with particle size 3.1 nm.•Rejection rate of 96 % and 99 % for ...atenelol and ibuprofen was achieved.•Germination rate of Vigna mungo increased in UF membrane permeate.
Discharges from pharmaceutical sectors into water bodies are major environmental issue as most of them are persistent in nature and causes endocrine disruption. Treatment processes presently undertaken are not effective in complete removal of these contaminants. Removal study of ibuprofen has been undertaken by adsorption and nanofiltration membrane whereas little knowledge of atenolol separation by membrane has been reported. Ceramic ultrafiltration membrane developed from green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was employed in this present study for removal of atenolol and ibuprofen drugs from synthetic solution. About 96 % and 99 % removal of atenolol and ibuprofen respectively was obtained by single step ultrafiltration process. UF membrane developed had surface area of 21.503 m2/g and pore diameter of 39.8 Å. X-ray diffraction study of unsupported membrane showed pure phase crystalline zinc oxide particles. The effect of different parameters viz., TMP (Transmembrane pressure), time, feed concentration etc. on membrane filtration efficiency was analyzed by RSM (Response Surface Methodology). Germination studies on Vigna mungo was performed using untreated atenolol and ibuprofen solutions and membrane treated permeate to assess the membrane efficiency of producing clean water suitable for reuse. The study revealed higher germination rate in presence of ibuprofen solution but lower germination for atenolol solution. Protein content on the other hand were highly affected in both ibuprofen and atenolol solution. Seeds germinated in membrane permeate showed better germination rate and protein content and comparable to that of control.
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