This study seeks to offer a contribution to the works council . organizational performance literature by adding, to date, largely unexplored potential contingencies: the attitudes of Dutch top ...managers and works councils as to the functioning of the latter, in bad vis-a-vis good times. The overall conclusion from our probit analyses is that the way in which management and works councils interact, and hence the way in which codetermination is implemented, makes all the difference to the firm.s economic position. Our most compelling finding relates to the role of management: a positive attitude of managers toward the works council is positively associated with organizational performance, both in the private and the public sector. In the private sector, this result is even reinforced in times of reorganization.
Coaching, and especially executive coaching coach, coached, coachee, is one of the fastest growing industries in recent years and is being used more and more often for the development of workers. ...This chapter seeks to explain the effectiveness of the relationship between the coach and the coachee in collegial coaching. For this purpose 35 coachees and their coaches were interviewed. The coachees were all managers working for the Dutch government. Their coaches were also managers who were trained to coach their colleague managers from other departments within the government. The findings show that coachees attributed the effectiveness of their coaching to a large part to the relationship they had with their coach. Receiving unconditional acceptance and respect from the coach was not only a facilitative condition, but also directly responsible for change. Furthermore, the findings indicate that although there should be a certain distance between the coach and the coachee, a purely formal unilateral helping relationship is less effective than a mutual relationship in which a deeper personal connection exists between the coach and the coachee. Also, the findings suggest that while differences between the coach and coachee in terms of personality may lead to useful challenge, when it comes to beliefs and values more similarity between coach and coachee is desired.
Vitamin D may influence iron metabolism and erythropoiesis, whereas iron is essential for vitamin D synthesis. We examined whether vitamin D deficiencies (VDD) are associated with reduced iron status ...and whether progressive iron deficiency (ID) is accompanied by inferior vitamin D status. The study included 219 healthy female (14-34 years old) athletes. VDD was defined as a 25(OH)D concentration < 75 nmol/L. ID was classified based on ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and blood morphology indices. The percentage of ID subjects was higher (32%) in the VDD group than in the 25(OH)D sufficient group (11%) (χ² = 10.6;
= 0.001). The percentage of VDD subjects was higher (75%) in the ID than in the normal iron status group (48%) (χ² = 15.6;
= 0.001). The odds ratios (ORs) for VDD increased from 1.75 (95% CI 1.02-2.99;
= 0.040) to 4.6 (95% CI 1.81-11.65;
= 0.001) with progressing iron deficiency. ID was dependent on VDD in both VDD groups (25(OH)D < 75 and < 50 nmol/L). The ID group had a lower 25(OH)D concentration (
= 0.000). The VDD group had lower ferritin (
= 0.043) and iron (
= 0.004) concentrations and higher values of TIBC (
= 0.016) and sTfR (
= 0.001). The current results confirm the association between vitamin D and iron status in female athletes, although it is difficult to assess exactly which of these nutrients exerts a stronger influence over the other.
Summary
The objectives of this study were to identify difficulties and their related contexts non-communicable disease (NCD) patients in rural Tanzania experienced, examine how patients managed the ...situation by seeking better treatment of the diseases, and propose a realistic approach for optimizing disease management with long-term perspectives in resource-limited settings, based on views of patients (PTs), health-care providers (HPs), and health volunteers (HVs). Nine focus group discussions were performed with 56 participants of PTs, HPs, and HVs in three district hospitals in the Dodoma region. Their views and self-care practices were extracted, and the verbatim data were analyzed to derive codes and categories. The types of NCDs reported by the PTs were hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and HT/DM comorbidity. Reported barriers to disease management included discontinuation of treatment due to various factors and a lack of positive messages regarding disease management in NCD care. The following points were addressed in relation to the improved management of NCDs: (i) positive attitudes and coping skills, (ii) support from family members, (iii) good communication between PTs and HPs, and (iv) trustworthy relationships with HVs. The findings suggest that to gain the trust of PTs in optimizing disease control in overstretched health-care systems, patient support systems should be strengthened by empowering positive attitudes.
Lay Summary
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally. NCDs are common in low- and middle-income countries and their prevalence has been growing more prominent. In Tanzania, one-third of all deaths are NCD-related. This study aims to identify the factors that may lead to the improved management of NCDs in rural Tanzania based on actual situations in patients’ daily lives. We conducted focus group discussions with three different groups (patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus PTs, health volunteers HVs, and health-care providers HPs). The results revealed that PTs faced various barriers such as treatment discontinuation and a lack of positive messages regarding disease management in NCD care. However, the following points were indicated by the participants for the improved management of NCDs: (i) positive attitudes and coping skills, (ii) support from family members, (iii) good communication between PTs and HPs, and (iv) trustworthy relationships with HVs. Thus, to gain the trust of PTs in optimizing disease control and complications in overstretched health-care systems, patient support systems need to be strengthened by adopting a community empowerment approach, delivering supportive messages, and building reliable relationships.
PURPOSE: The theoretical aim of this study is to explore the nature of the “technological innovation–labor market” relationships presented recently in the literature, based on publications indexed in ...the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The empirical purpose is to examine these relationships in companies operating in the confectionery industry in Poland. METHODOLOGY: Literature studies, as well as a mixed-method empirical research approach, were used, including an online survey of engineers working in the confectionery industry and the case study method (with interviews and observation). FINDINGS: Publications from the past eleven years have covered the problems of the analyzed relationship but have not taken into consideration the market in Poland or the confectionery industry. More often than the classic literature, these publications present different relationships, not focusing mainly on the issue of unemployment resulting from technological innovation. Meanwhile, empirical studies show that the analyzed relationships are non-reciprocal. Fifty percent of the employees surveyed indicated that implementing technological innovations results in job losses. The remaining respondents were convinced that technological innovation has a neutral quantitative impact on the internal labor market. We identified that technological innovations have an impact on the labor market (both internal and external) more often than changes in the labor market affecting innovations, and that this impact is rather negative. Moreover, empirical research shows that technological innovations are positively connected with qualitative changes in the internal labor market. IMPLICATIONS: This study emphasizes the need for lifelong learning among employees and for a field for development at educational institutions. It should also draw the attention of top managers to the skills that their employees have now and should have in the future. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The paper presents an original typology of the relationships between technological innovation and the labor market, which can serve as the basis for further development and qualitative or quantitative research. The paper also presents pioneering research because previous studies were not based on a complex framework, including different kinds of impacts (from negative through neutral to positive), treating the labor market and technological innovations relative to each other as dependent or independent variables, or highlighting two types of labor market.
...the formation of a mature "I" is interpreted as the result of the crisis stages of the youth. According to cultural historical theory, crisis is understood as the nature of the relationship ...between the subject and the adult that is important to him or her. In particular, it should be noted that the book "Family Psychology", edited by G. B. Shoumarov, V. M. Karimova's doctoral dissertation on "The formation of social perceptions of the family in Uzbek youth" E. G. Goziev's study of the psychophysiological differences in the development of boys and girls, B. R. Kadyrov's study of the problems of genetic factors in the development of personality, F. A. Akramova's dissertation differentiation of cognitive and emotional states in adolescent males and females and a number of other works attest to that. ...boys and girls will have different social experiences and their orientation to their inner world will also be different.
We are witnessing a relentless spread of “total cities”, widespread urbanised spaces, which are totally alien to the territory with detrimental consequences to places and the environment. This ...frequently has devastating effects on man and the landscape through the disruption of the natural cycles, pollution, hydrogeological instability, loss of the identity and cultural complexity of places besides the breakdown of mutual relationships among men and their interaction with their surroundings. The regeneration of urban centres should keep pace with the rebirth of the territory and the environment through an operation of “riterritorializzazione”, the conversion of non-places into genuine places.
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