This study aims at exploring how the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) school environment and ritualized activities practiced by the students on a daily basis contribute to constructing their ...national identity. The data were drawn from ethnographic fieldwork involving observation of rituals and interviews with 83 informants. The findings show how the school system exposes the students to a diverse range of ritualized activities that help in the construction of national identity. The research contributes to the literature on national identity construction, specifically on ways of cultivating patriotism and national pride among school children.
This article exploits variation between and within countries to examine the legacy of recorded conflicts in Africa in the precolonial period between 1400 and 1700. There are three main findings. ...First, we show that historical conflict is correlated with a greater prevalence of postcolonial conflict. Second, historical conflict is correlated with lower levels of trust, a stronger sense of ethnic identity, and a weaker sense of national identity across countries. Third, historical conflict is negatively correlated with subsequent patterns of development looking at the pattern across grid cells within countries.
This is an analysis of fifty questionnaires given to first-year students of the Department of Primary Education of the University of Ioannina, on the subject of the ’Secret School’ (Krypho Scholeio), ...and focuses on issues of epistemology and historical culture (Grever & Adriaansen, 2017; Stathis, 2004). The research is supported by previous empirical research regarding the evaluation of conflicting historical narratives by pupils and students (Afandi & Baildon, 2015; Chapman, 2016). The findings favor the actual existence of the ’secret’ school while students/participants, when asked how they interpret the existence of different views on this issue, referred more to the existence of “bias” in relation to the past, and to a lesser extent, to different “perspectives”, representing different groups and interests, either in the past or the present.
This historiographical essay examines methods of belonging within two adjacent intellectual fields: formations of American identity and the history of U.S. citizenship. By studying recent monographs ...from these subfields, this essay underlines how belonging makes visible conceptions of citizenship for minoritized populations who may not have held U.S. citizenship, but whose existence and lives help demonstrate a spectrum of American identities. When centering belonging, historians can trouble a chronicle of U.S. citizenship that is interpreted as solely a legal status to an analytic that informs and is informed by one's race, sexuality, marital status, class, and individual actions. In doing so, this paper will illuminate how everyday people practiced shaped, remodeled, and created American imagined communities and therein, citizenries, through their methods of belonging.
Highlighting the modernity of state institutions, Hobsbawm defines the nation as a modern territorial state (the nation‐state) and argues that nation and nationality cannot be discussed unless they ...refer to the nation‐state. Hobsbawm's conception of nations and nationality in the context of the nation‐state warrants readdress by comparing Westphalian models of states with subjects that do not attempt a territorial model but arguably still invest in the nation and a sense of nationality. This article compares the discourses of building nations and national identities fostered in the content of school textbooks in the Republic of Turkey—a modern, territorial nation‐state—and the Autonomous Administration of North and East of Syria (hereafter Rojava)—an alternative state system model established in the power vacuum proceeding Bashar al‐Assad regime withdrawal from expansive territory in northern Syria. In doing so, the article revisits the existing literature on the correlation between the content and political associations of school textbooks through a comparative analysis of primary school course materials in Turkey and Rojava, neighbouring and conflicting political entities that occupy contrasting domains of statehood and military capacity.
While football remains mostly a sport associated with men and national identity, it has also become a popular sport for women and girls in Western countries. Despite this success, however, the ...coaching of football remains a strongly male dominated occupation. In this paper, we explored how 10 elite women coaches of national football teams negotiated and resisted the entanglement of techniques of biopower, sovereign and disciplinary power within the sport. The results revealed that sovereign power as exercised by Football Associations was intertwined with forms of discursive and biopower. This power constructed men as more knowledgeable about women's football than women who have years of playing and coaching experience at the elite level in the sport. Consequently, men are more often hired to coach women. In response, elite women coaches negotiated and resisted these forms of power by engaging in problematization, public truth telling/parrhesia, self‐transformation, and by creating alternative discourses about gender and football. They constructed their fellow women coaches as being more knowledgeable and more experienced than men coaches in women's football. The findings suggest that this use of a Foucauldian analysis into the entanglement of forms of power within such male‐dominated organizations and into the technologies of the self, utilized by women coaches, provides new insights into understanding the relative lack of change in gender ratio in (sport) leadership.
This study aimed to explore the relationship between intergroup contact quantity and intergroup trust and test the mediating role of intergroup contact quality and the moderating role of Chinese ...national identity among Tibetan adolescents in China. The study surveyed 705 Tibetan adolescents in Southwest China (57% females; Mage = 15.80 ± 1.63 years) employing cluster sampling using the Intergroup Trust Scale, Intergroup Contact Experience Scale, Chinese National Identity Scale, and a self-made demographic questionnaire. The results showed that after controlling for demographic variables such as gender, academic stage, and school type, the intergroup contact quantity of Tibetan adolescents positively predicted intergroup trust through the mediating effect of intergroup contact quality. In addition, the degree of affiliation with Chinese national identity positively predicted intergroup trust. Furthermore, after controlling for the indirect effect of intergroup contact quality, Chinese national identity was found to moderate the direct effect of intergroup contact quantity on intergroup trust. This study highlights the importance of integrating the theoretical frameworks of intergroup contact and social identity in research on intergroup relationships in China’s diverse and integrated contexts.
●Intergroup contact quantity promotes intergroup trust through contact quality.●Chinese national identity also promotes intergroup trust.●Chinese national identity can shape the relationship between intergroup contact and trust.
We explore the interplay between homophilic preferences, reciprocity, and societal values in the formation of venture capital investment syndicates in China. Both Chinese and U.S. syndicate lead ...firms generally prefer including their fellow compatriot firms over comparable non-compatriots in the investment syndicates that they assemble. When a Chinese firm initiates a collaborative first move by including a U.S. firm in an investment syndicate, however, the U.S. firm no longer prefers comparably familiar U.S. firms over the Chinese firm when it subsequently chooses among prospective syndicate partner firms to include in its investment syndicates. In such cases, familiarity triggers impartiality; the experiential trust that was garnered from the collaborative first-move engagement initiated by the Chinese firm diminishes the nationality-based homophilic preferences of the U.S. firm. We do not find similar dynamics when the tables are turned. When a U.S. firm initiates a collaborative first move by including a Chinese firm in an investment syndicate, the Chinese firm subsequently remains partial to fellow compatriot firms that are otherwise comparable to the U.S. firm. The homophilic preferences and identity-based trust between Chinese firms grounded in shared nationality are resilient to any goodwill created by U.S. firms when they initiate collaborative first moves.
What is often described today as neo‐nationalism or nationalist populism today arguably looks like the old nationalism. What is emerging as genuinely new are the identity‐based nationalisms of the ...centre left, sometimes called “liberal nationalism” or “progressive patriotism.” I offer my own contribution to the latter, which may be called “multicultural nationalism.” I argue that multiculturalism is a mode of integration that does not just emphasise the centrality of minority group identities but argues that integration is incomplete without remaking national identity so that all can have a sense of belonging to it. This multiculturalist approach to national belonging has some relation to liberal nationalism. It, however, makes not just individual rights but minority accommodation a feature of acceptable nationalism. Moreover, accommodation here particularly includes ethno‐religious groups in ways that are difficult for radical regimes of secularism. For these reasons, multicultural nationalism unites the concerns of some of those currently sympathetic to majoritarian nationalism and those who are prodiversity and minority accommodationist in the way that liberal nationalism (with its emphasis on individualism and majoritarianism) does not. It therefore represents the political idea and tendency most likely to offer a feasible alternative rallying point to monocultural nationalism.
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