The work of Jürgen Habermas (b. 1929) has been highly influential both in philosophy and across many disciplines in the social sciences. David Ingram here provides an introduction to Habermas's ...complex thought as it has evolved from 1953 to the present, spanning philosophy, religion, political science, social science, and law. One of today's most intriguing thinkers, Habermas is also notably prolific; for students and other readers who wish to navigate the philosopher's more than thirty books, the lucid and preciseHabermas: Introduction and Analysisis a welcome starting point rich in insights.
Ingram's book addresses the entire range of Habermas's social theory, including his most recent and widely discussed contributions to religion, freedom and determinism, global democracy, and the consolidation of the European Union. Recognizing Habermas's position as a highly public intellectual, Ingram discusses how Habermas applies his own theory to pressing problems such as abortion, terrorism, genetic engineering, immigration, multiculturalism, separation of religion and state, technology and mass media, feminism, and human rights. He also presents a detailed critical analysis of Habermas's key claims and arguments.
Separate appendixes introduce and clarify such important concepts as causal, teleological, and narrative paradigms of explanation in action theory; contextualism versus rationalism in social scientific methods of interpretation; systems theory and functionalist explanation in social science; and decision and collective choice theory.
Druki antwerpskiej firmy założonej przez Krzysztofa Plantina w 1555 r., tzw. plantiniana, należą do szczytowych osiągnięć drukarstwa książkowego XVI i XVII wieku. Część plantinianów będących w ...posiadaniu Rosyjskiej Biblioteki Narodowej (RBN) pochodzi z Biblioteki Załuskich w Warszawie i Biblioteki Towarzystwa Warszawskiego Przyjaciół Nauk, których zbiory zostały włączone w różnych czasach w skład Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Sankt Petersburgu. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest najcenniejszym dziełom sztuki typograficznej Officina Plantiniana, które trafiły do RBN z Warszawy. Ich omówienie uzupełnia czytelny materiał ilustracyjny. Artykuł stanowi pokłosie wstępnych prac na wydzieleniem plantinianów – do momentu powstania artykułu zidentyfikowano ponad 500 woluminów – w osobną kolekcję w RBN. Jak podkreśla Autor, jest to trudne, ponieważ duży zbiór druków z XVI w. jest w petersburskiej książnicy rozproszony po różnych działach (tylko w Dziale Rzadkiej Książki ok. 14 000 tomów), najmniej zbadany, opisany i skatalogowany. Pełne opracowanie tego zasobu i wydzielenie z niego plantinianów pozwoli według Autora na zwiększenie liczby zidentyfikowanych druków antwerpskich i poszerzenie warsztatu badawczego księgoznawców i historyków renesansu.
Projekt: Uniwersytet PAN Jerzy Duszyński; Tadeusz Burczyński; Paweł M. Rowiński ...
Nauka i Szkolnictwo Wyższe,
09/2017
2(50)
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Instytuty Polskiej Akademii Nauk mają wśród polskich instytucji naukowych czołowy potencjał merytoryczny. W instytutach PAN w latach 2013-2016 powstało 19,7% prac afiliowanych w polskich instytucjach ...i umieszczonych w najbardziej prestiżowych pismach naukowych danych dziedzin (górne 10% z list pism danej dziedziny nauki uszeregowanych według rosnącego współczynnika wpływu, IF). Jest to najlepszy wynik wśród polskich instytucji akademickich. Kadra instytutów PAN zajmuje się nie tylko badaniami, ale też dydaktyką; 1607 osób (stan na 31 grudnia 2016) było na stacjonarnych studiach doktoranckich w Instytutach PAN. Stopień umiędzynarodowienia studiów w PAN (8%) jest największy wśród polskich uczelni. W związku z tym uzasadnione wydaje się powołanie Uniwersytetu PAN (UPAN), który mógłby stać się pierwszą w Polsce uczelnią badawczą. Planuje się, że docelowo kształciłoby się na nim 2,5 tys. osób, w przeważającej części studentek i studentów III stopnia. Taka liczba pozwoli na zagwarantowanie indywidualnej merytorycznej opieki każdemu studentowi, a także na wprowadzenie i przetestowanie nowatorskich programów dydaktycznych, właściwych erze Internetu i e-learningu, prowadzenia studiów online poprzez courser, studiów inter- i crossdyscyplinarnych. UPAN ma realne szanse stać się wizytówką polskiej nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego, gdyż otwarte, międzynarodowe wieloletnie programy konkursowe na pozycje: wizytujących profesorów, stażystów podoktorskich i doktorantów mogą podnieść umiędzynarodowienie zarówno kadry, jak i studentów UPAN do poziomu właściwego najlepszym uczelniom świata. Z uwagi na wielkość naszego budżetu nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego osiągnięcie takiego umiędzynarodowienia jest finansowo realne w najbliższym czasie tylko dla uczelni tak małej jak UPAN. Opisane działania będą projakościowe także dla samych instytutów PAN i istotnie podniosą ich poziom merytoryczny. Po kilku latach UPAN ma realne szanse na uplasowanie się w międzynarodowych rankingach na bardzo dobrych pozycjach, w pierwszej dwusetce, a nawet w pierwszej setce najlepszych światowych uczelni. Należy podkreślić, że warunkiem tego jest zapewnienie finansowania badań w instytutach PAN na co najmniej takim jak obecnie poziomie, uelastycznienie ich sieci, wytworzenie mechanizmów synergii pomiędzy instytutami (wspólny cel – UPAN) oraz wsparcie tego projektu długoletnim programem umiędzynarodowienia kadry i studentów.
Nikolai Zhinkin’s review of Ernst Cassirer is so far the earliest document of the discussion in Russia about Cassirer’s conception of myth and his theory of symbolic forms. The text is published from ...Zhinkin’s archive. Zhinkin here notes a reorientation of Neo-Kantianism that reveals its hidden relativism and stands as a symptom of its downfall.
W niniejszym artykule analizuję współczesny dyskurs nauk społecznych pod kątem obecności w nim badań nad przerywaniem ciąży. Aborcja jest często występującym zabiegiem medycznym, a jednocześnie ...stanowi jeden z najgorętszych przedmiotów debaty publicznej angażujący środowiska religijne, feministyczne i polityczne. W artykule szukam odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy popularność tego tematu w sferze publicznej znajduje odzwierciedlenie w dyskursie nauk społecznych. Interesuje mnie to, w jaki sposób skupienie dyskursu na konkretnych perspektywach badania aborcji – indywidualnej, społecznej i instytucjonalnej, a także dyskursywnej i metodologicznej – konstruuje „socjologię aborcji”. Analiza dyskursu na temat aborcji pokazuje, że badania nad aborcją w najbardziej prestiżowych czasopismach odnoszą się głównie do świata anglosaskiego. Ponadto badania aborcji stanowią niewielki procent artykułów w analizowanych czasopismach z zakresu nauk społecznych, a dominująca perspektywa to badanie aborcji przez pryzmat opinii społecznych na jej temat. Najmniej uwagi poświęca się natomiast perspektywie indywidualnej i doświadczeniom kobiet, które przerwały ciążę.
Teološka refleksija se bavi pitanjem klime kao općega dobra i razmatra kako dijalog može doprinijeti očuvanju klime. Rad je strukturiran oko tri glavne točke. U prvoj točki rada – Posvijestiti ...značenje općega dobra – polazi se od pitanja koliko je u vremenu partikularizama i fragmentizacije života prisutna svijest o općemu dobru. Središnja je nakana aktualizacija općega dobra, načela »koje ima središnju i ujedinjujuću ulogu u socijalnoj etici« (Laudato si’, br. 156). Temeljno mjesto koje mu se pridaje proizlazi iz njegove direktne povezanosti s globalnim društvom, a samim time predstavlja i ono temeljno što nas povezuje. U središtu druge točke rada – Zaštita klime kao opće dobro – nalazi se dalekosežnost posljedica klimatskih promjena koje stvaraju nove oblike nepravdi i osiromašenja ljudi na planetarnoj razini. Tek u solidarnom i zajedničkom opredjeljenju za siromašne moguće je poticati nove oblike zajedničke suradnje i organizacije. One će ići u smjeru temeljitih i umreženih interdisciplinarnih rasprava o općem dobru kako bi se pridonijelo djelovanjima koja će sačuvati život planete i omogućiti budućnost novim generacijama. Treća točka rada – Dijalog kao put – pokazuje da je značenje dijaloga danas od ključne važnosti i kada se promišlja pitanje puta do ostvarenja općega dobra. To je put koji cjelinu dohvaća ostvarenjem cjelovitoga razvoja svih dijelova društva, te koji istovremeno obuhvaća iskorak prema okupljanju oko zaštite klime kao općeg dobra. U tom kontekstu socijalni nauk Katoličke crkve, koji posjeduje interdisciplinarnu dimenziju (usp. Centesimus annus, br. 59), omogućuje suradnju u službi općega dobra
This paper aims to present the history of the School of Political Sciences in Warsaw since 1915 to the beginning of WWII. It is also an attempt to depict its origins and the evolution of its academic ...model inspired by the Paris Institute of Political Studies (École Libre des Sciences Politiques). The School of Political Sciences is shown from the perspective of former Polish émigrés in the Circle of former Polish students from Leipzig, led by Edmund Jan Reymann. Reyman, the founder and head of the school, brought about the setting up of the Social Institute (IS). The paper focuses on the role the School of Political Sciences in Warsaw, which operated from a modernistic building, played in the development of political sciences both in the capital and across the country. The school had become an academic centre equipped with modern facilities like specialist studies, libraries, research institutes and rich collections. Under the auspices of the school and IS many publishing activities were undertaken, the flagship being the Encyclopedia of Political Sciences, the biggest publication devoted to political sciences in the inter‑war period. This had led to the school acquiring the status of the Academy of Political Sciences in 1939.
The Jätakas tales about previous existences of Gotama Buddha are a voluminous and extremely popular part of Buddhist literature. Told, according to the Buddhist belief, by Gotama himself, the jätakas ...describe the path of the future Buddha (Bodhisatta) who, being reborn numerous times as human, animal or deity, gradually moves towards his last existence and Enlightenment. The paper aims to show a manner in which the shift between narrative voices simultaneously allows identification and distinction between Buddha and Bodhisatta (based on the research by Naomi Appleton and Sarah Shaw, and accompanied by additional explanations and illustrations). The Jätakas are presented in the light of the Buddhist doctrines of no-self and Buddhist interpretation of the rebirth-process. Also, it is suggested that the lasting popularity and the lure of the jätakas can be seen as rooted in their potency to serve as a kind of model for resolving various life-issues to which even a modern-day reader can relate to. The paper also aims to introduce Croatian readers to extremely diverse and numerous motifs and themes presented in the Päli Jätaka collection.
In the period researched in this article (1947–1990) the principles of awarding academic degrees were far from stable (or uniform). What is more, difference between individual degrees were of ...multiple character. In the initial years shortly after the Polish People’s Republic was formed, a lower academic degree was award ed to every higher school graduate. From 1951on this term referred to degrees awarded to science candidates, and as of 1958 to a degree of a doctor. Secondly, the requirements needed to be satisfied in order to qualify for individual degrees differed and were changing. Thirdly, on and off there were instances where ex emptions were made from the generally binding principles governing awarding of academic degrees, especially in the case of a science candidate and a doctor. Those exemptions, or exceptional treatment, was justified by a reference to an exceptional case. Fourthly, lower academic degrees could not always be obtained in every discipline, and the list of the discipline that qualified candidates for a degree was neither closed nor stable. Fifthly, the rights granted to scientific councils of institutions of higher education, and later to scientific councils of units operating within the Polish Academy of Sciences as well, were also changing, mostly to meet the conditions and requirements which those unites were obliged to fulfil. Sixthly, depending on the role and position of other bodies or organs involved in the process (the minister competent for schools of higher education, the Main Council of Higher Education, or the Central Qualifications Committee) their say and role was also changing. For the sake of a certain simplification, it may be stated that solutions adopted as a result of the reforms of 1947 and 1951were comparable, while those implemented in subsequent years, particularly by acts on higher education of 1958, 1982 and 1985 and the act of 1965 on academic degrees and scientific titles as later amended, differed considerably from earlier solutions. The assessment, from a legal point of view, of the conditions of awarding lower academic degrees in the period researched would, however, have been incom- plete if the organisation of doctoral studies as well as the manner of their delivery leading to the preparation and submission of a doctoral dissertation by a degree candidate, had been examined as well. This issue will be the subject of the second part of this article.
Katolička Crkva u svojem je moralnom nauku uvijek imalana umu humanitarne posljedice koje uzrokuje svaki rat neovisnoo tome iz kojeg je razloga vođen. Mnogi crkveni mislioci stoga surazvili razne ...teorije povezane s regulacijom ratnih akcija kao štoje pravedni rat, zakonita obrana i nuklearno odvraćanje. Te teorijeu okrilju crkvenog nauka valja shvatiti u povijesnom kontekstunjihova razvoja i geopolitičkih zbivanja trenutka. Suvremenieksponencijalni razvoj tehnologija primijenjen u industrijama zaproizvodnju oružja znatno otežava mogućnost ostvarenja mira zakojim čeznu svi narodi i svaki pojedinac. Koristeći se raznim teološko-filozofskim izvorima autor u radu obrazlaže teoriju pravednograta počevši od sv. Augustina, Tome Akvinskog do crkvenog učiteljstva.U fokusu je stavljena proizvodnja oružja, položaj kršćanau toj proizvodnji s propitkivanjem njezine etičnosti počevši od Drugogavatikanskog koncila do pape Franje. Posebna je pozornostposvećena tehnicističkomu mentalitetu koji izaziva razne mirovnei etičke izazove. Konkretnom primjenom nekih etičkih načela kaošto su izvori moralnosti ljudskog čina, čin s dvostrukim učinkom,načelo neprotuslovlja ističe se potreba za odgojem za nenasilje irazoružanjem ljudskih srca.
In its moral doctrine the Catholic Church has always hadin mind the humanitarian consequences caused by any war,regardless of the reason for which it was waged. Many churchthinkers have therefore developed various theories related to theregulation of war actions such as just war, legitimate defence,and nuclear deterrence. In the context of church doctrine thesetheories should be understood in the historical context of theirdevelopment, but also within the geopolitical events of themoment. The contemporary exponential development of technologiesapplied in the arms production industries makes it muchmore difficult to achieve the peace that all nations and everyindividual long for. Using various theological and philosophicalsources, the author explains the theory of just war through hiswork, starting with St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas to churchteaching. The focus is on the production of weapons, the positionof Christians in that production, questioning its ethics startingfrom the Second Vatican Council to Pope Francis. Special attentionis paid to the mentality of technicism that provokes variouspeace and ethical challenges. Concrete application of some ethicalprinciples, such as the sources of the morality of human act,the double-acting act, the principle of non-contradiction, emphasizesthe need for education for non-violence and the disarmamentof human hearts.
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