The exposure to bisphenols and their derivatives was assessed in 33 fish products sold in Turkey using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). BADGE was determined ...in only four samples at concentrations ranging between 0.06 and 0.22 mg/kg. As the most abundant bisphenol groups, BADGE-hydrolyzed products such as BADGE·H
2
O and BADGE·2H
2
O were present in nine and fourteen samples in the range between 0.06–0.16 and 0.06–0.72 mg/kg, respectively. The total concentration of BADGE and hydrolyzed products was below the specific migration limit (SML) value of 9 mg/kg food, which in the European Union stated as tolerable. Chlorinated derivatives of BADGE were detected in fewer samples compared with hydrolyzed ones. BADGE·H
2
O·HCl was the predominant migrant among chlorinated derivatives and was present in seven samples in a range between 0.02 and 0.06 mg/kg. All other samples contained less than or equal to 0.03 mg/kg of BADGE·HCl and BADGE·2HCl. The sum of these derivatives was lower than the SML value (1 mg/kg) of BADGE chlorohydrins legislated by the European Union. Besides these migrants, the analyzed samples did not contain any BFDGE and 3R-NOGE, which are prohibited in manufacturing food contact materials.
The presence of Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in seventy-nine samples of food products available in Turkish stores was determined using ultra ...performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Among Bisphenol A and its analogues, BPA was the most detected migrant with 56.97%. Fish products had the highest level of BPA with 0.102 mg/kg although only three fish samples exceeded the Specific Migration Limit (SML) for BPA of 0.05 mg/kg of food. The BPF, BPS, and BPB in all analyzed foods ranged between 0–0.021, 0–0.036, and 0.072 mg/kg, respectively. BADGE derivates, BADGE·2H
2
O and cyclo-di-BADGE (CdB) were present in 57 and 52 samples with concentrations ranging between 0–0.354, and 0–1.056 mg/kg, respectively. All the analyzed traditional Turkish ready-to-eat meals and fish products were contaminated with BADGE·2H
2
O and CdB. The overall levels of BADGE and the derivates were below the specific migration limit. CdB was found at higher concentrations in traditional Turkish ready-to-eat meals, up to 1.056 mg/kg. The CdB concentration in most of the samples was above the highest figure with 0.05 mg/kg authorized by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. The predominant chlorinated derivative was BADGE·H
2
O·HCl which was found in thirty-seven samples in the range of 0.007–0.061 mg/kg.
A simple and novel method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated to determine the levels of 10 compounds (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), ...novolac-glycidyl ethers (NOGEs), and their related compounds) migrated from food and beverage cans into food simulants. Method validation showed acceptable linearity, precision, and accuracy. The detection limits ranged from 0.28 to 14.8 μg L
−1
, and the quantification limits ranged from 0.94 to 49.3 μg L
−1
. Water, 4% acetic acid, 50% ethanol, and n-heptane were employed as food simulants for the migration tests, and the developed LC-MS/MS method was applied to 104 epoxy-coated beverage and food metal cans. Only BADGE∙2H
2
O and BADGE were detected; the levels were below the specific migration limit. Based on the obtained migration results, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of BADGE∙2H
2
O and BADGE were calculated. Exposure assessments were conducted to compare the EDI with the tolerable daily intake (TDI), with a relatively low percentage of the TDI being reported. NOGE and its related compounds were not detected in the monitored cans. Long-term storage tests were also conducted at 60°C over 30 days. Only BADGE∙2H
2
O was detected in all food simulants, except for n-heptane, and the maximum amount detected was 114.6 μg L
−1
in 50% ethanol.
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Uvod: Diabetično stopalo je skupina sindromov, pri katerih nevropatija, ishemija in infekcija pripeljejo do destrukcije tkiva, končna posledica je zbolevnost, lahko pa tudi amputacija. Namen ...raziskave je bil ugotoviti pogostost pojava diabetičnega stopala pri pacientih s sladkorno boleznijo.Metode: V raziskavi je bila uporabljena raziskava mešanih metod. Tehnika zbiranja podatkov je bilo anketiranje 60 pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo in delno strukturiran intervju z dvema medicinskima sestrama, ki delata v diabetološki ambulanti. Kvantitativni podatki so bili analizirani z opisno in bivariatno statistiko. Kvalitativni podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine.Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da amputacija noge ni pogost zaplet diabetičnega stopala (U = 4,4, p = 0,217) in da ne moremo trditi, da je diabetično stopalo pogostejše pri moških kot pri ženskah (U = 0,6, p = 0,417), ter da so pacienti zelo dobro poučeni glede nege stopal in pravilne obutve.Diskusija in zaključek: Najpomembnejša informacija o zdravstveni vzgoji pri diabetičnem stopalu za paciente je, da so o tem zapletu ozaveščeni pisno in ustno. Diabetično stopalo za paciente najpogosteje prinese spremembo v kakovosti življenja. Možnost za nadaljevanje raziskave bi bila izvedba enake raziskave na večjem številu pacientov.
U radu prikazujemo dvoje bolesnika s masivnim avulzijskim ozljedama donjih ekstremiteta. U oboje se liječenje sastojalo od sekvencijalnog debridmana ozljeda nakon čega je postavljen sustav ...površinskoga negativnog tlaka da bi se tijekom razdoblja od tri do četiri tjedna omogućilo stvaranje sloja solidnoga granulacijskog tkiva i klinički čiste rane. Nakon toga postavljen je DRT INTEGRA® koji je u korito rane također fiksiran sustavom površinskoga negativnog tlaka. U sljedeća tri tjedna DRT INTEGRA® potpuno se „integrirao“, što je omogućilo pokrivanje Thierschovim transplantatima debljine 0,2 mm. U oboje bolesnika ishod je estetski i funkcionalno zadovoljavao pri čemu su obnovljene konture donjih ekstremiteta. Terapija površinskim negativnim tlakom tijekom razdoblja od 3 do 4 tjedna omogućava kontrolu kolonizacije korita rane i formiranje solidnog sloja granulacijskog tkiva. Primjena IDRT-a omogućava stvaranje neodermisa koji rekonstruiranom tkivu pruža elastičnost te obnovu konture donjih ekstremiteta. Nedostaci ovog modaliteta liječenja jesu cijena i cjelokupno trajanje terapije od oko 8 tjedana.
Pripovijesti o kršćanskim čudima snažno podržavaju liječnički identitet svetih Kuzme i Damjana. Čudo Crne noge je njihovo najznamenitije posmrtno čudo. Zlatna Legenda, koju je napisao Jacopo da ...Voragine, glavni je izvor ove pripovijesti. Ova zbirka čudesnih hagiografija prikupljena je u XIII stoljeću. Sveti Kuzma i Damjan čudotvorno transplantiraju crnu nogu Etiopljanina, crkvenjaku bijelog tijela, čija je noga zahvaćena tumorom.
Svetitelji su se pojavili u snu bolesnika s oboljelom nogom, amputirali je i zamijenili nogom nedavno preminule osobe. Ovo dramatično izlječenje privuklo je mnoge zapadne umjetnike.
Ikonografija Čuda Crne noge po prvi puta je predstavljena u Firenzi oko 1370. godine. Boja noge je kasnije privukla posebnu pozornost.
Počevši od 1990. godine u Grčkoj su se pojavile ilustracije Čuda Crne noge u (novo) Bizantskom stilu. Ovo čudo Svetih Bezsrebrenika nije povijesno zasnovano na Knjigama života Svetih u pravoslavnim crkvama. Djelovanje svetih liječnika usmjereno na zamjenu oboljele noge onom uzetom od mrtvog donora, bilo je nepoznato istočnom Kršćanstvu. Procjena izlječivih, čudotvornih moći Svetih Kuzme i Damjana u dostupnim pravoslavnim hagiografskim
izvorima pokazala je izrazito zanemarivanje čuda Crne noge. Neki suvremeni Grčki autori smatraju da ono ne zavrjeđuje pozornost.
Unlike
Naja naja
,
Bungarus caeruleus
,
Echis carinatus
, and
Daboia/Vipera russellii
venoms,
Ophiophagus hannah
venom is medically ignored in the Indian subcontinent. Being the biggest poisonous ...snake,
O. hannah
has been presumed to inject several lethal doses of venom in a single bite. Lack of therapeutic antivenom to
O. hannah
bite in India makes any attempt to save the victim a difficult exercise. This study was initiated to compare
O. hannah
venom with the above said venoms for possible interference in hemostasis.
Ophiophagus hannah
venom was found to actively interfere in hemostatic stages such as fibrin clot formation, platelet activation/aggregation, and fibrin clot dissolution. It decreased partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin clotting time (TCT). These activities are similar to that shown by
E. carinatus
and
D. russellii
venoms, and thus
O. hannah
venom was found to exert procoagulant activity through the common pathway of blood coagulation, while
N. naja
venom increased aPTT and TCT but not PT, and hence it was found to exert anticoagulant activity through the intrinsic pathway. Venoms of
O. hannah
,
E. carinatus
, and
D. russellii
lack plasminogen activation property as they do not hydrolyze azocasein, while they all show plasmin-like activity by degrading the fibrin clot. Although
N. naja
venom did not degrade azocasein, unlike other venoms, it showed feeble plasmin-like activity on fibrin clot. Venom of
E. carinatus
induced clotting of human platelet rich plasma (PRP), while the other three venoms interfered in agonist-induced platelet aggregation in PRP. Venom of
O. hannah
least inhibited the ADP induced platelet aggregation as compared to
D. russellii
and
N. naja
venoms. All these three venoms showed complete inhibition of epinephrine-induced aggregation at varied doses. However,
O. hannah
venom was unique in inhibiting thrombin induced aggregation.
The article is to present J. Noge´s contribution to the study of Slovak children´s and young adult literature, which he dealt with alongside his main scientific interest almost all his professional ...life. As almost two thirds of his articles were only published in magazines, the research could not be carried out without detailed examination of all the editions of the magazine Zlatý máj including the discussions. Thus it was not only the reviews, studies, and analyses written by J. Noge that served as research material but also contributions of other writers whose opinions he shared or opposed. The result is a piece of writing, which tracks J. Noge´s work, from his first „encoutners“ with children´s books (mostly reviews), to comprehensive studies and analyses published in magazines, to complex scientific works such as monographs Próza Kláry Jarunkovej (Klára Jarunková´s prose,1979) and Literatúra v literatúre (Literature in literature, 1988). The main focus of attention is Noge´s hypothesis, which he formulated in the late 1950s and thirty years later finally confirmed in his work Literatúra v literatúre. It is about the relationship between children´s and young adult literature and adult literature, to put it simply, between „small“ and „big". Noge was an enthusiastic promoter of those two being inseparable and mutually conditioned. Tracking his activities in this area helps form a complex picture of Noge´s scientific work.
In order to be analysed, NOGE components with epoxy groups must be separated from polar food material to prevent losses through uncontrolled reactions. Samples are homogenized minimally and extracted ...into a phase of minimized polarity. The NOGE components are then separated from the oil by extraction into acetonitrile and analysed by RPLC with fluorescence detection. Hydrolysis of the epoxy and chlorohydroxy functions to diols may help the analysis. Application and limitations of the method are illustrated by examples. Detection limits vary widely, depending on interfering food components, but legal limits below 1mg/kg can hardly be reliably enforced.
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