This article reveals Russian paradox: the combination of high level of corruption with strong and relatively effective government. In the focus of attention lies the examination of relations between ...the corruption and the processes of socio-political transformations of the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI centuries and the particularities of the corruption integration into the government of Russia. Basing upon the concept of the corruption as a political and administrative rent the author arrives to the conclusion about the formation of the corrupt model of governance in Russia. The article analyses factors which give relative efficiency to the Russian model of corrupt governance as well as the costs and contradictions of it. The author also reaches the conclusion that corruption-oriented model of governance is prospectless and makes a point that effective anti-corruption measures in Russia can be carried out only in case of current regime change and consequent realization of democratic, market and administrative reforms.
POVIJEST LATINSKIH NAZIVA ZUBA Šimon, František
Acta medico-historica adriatica : AMHA,
12/2015, Letnik:
13, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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Ovaj rad ima za cilj prikazati latinsko imenovanje različitih vrsti zuba pregledom relevantne povijesne i suvremene literature. U radu su prikazane etimologije za latinske ili grčke nazive zuba, ...njihov razvoj, varijante i sinonime, a ponekad i imena njihovih autora. Grčki
nazivi nisu imali status službenih, ali latinski termini za pojedine vrste zuba postupno su se uspostavili kao takvi. Imena za sjekutiće, očnjake i kutnjaka su latinski kalkovi za one grčke (tomeis, kynodontes, mylai), dens serotinus je neizravan kalk od grčkog naziva (odús) opsigonos, a pojam pretkutnjaka je stvoren na način na koji se to uobičajilo u modernoj anatomskoj terminologiji, pomoću prefiksa prae- = prije i pridjeva molaris. Latinski izrazi dentes canini i dentes molares javljaju se u klasičnoj latinskoj literaturi, izraz (dentes) incisivi nalazimo prvi put u srednjovjekovnoj literaturi, a izraz dentes premolares i dens serotinus su izrazi modernog doba.
This article examines the problems of the rise and consolidation of authoritarian regimes in former Soviet countries. The authors analyze the reasons why the transition to democracy failed in these ...newly independent states, including the absence of a strong tradition of civil society and the fact that the anti-communist revolution that took place in the Soviet Union in 1991 was not preceded by a "revolution of values." An important reason for the suspension of transitions to democracy was that the new ruling elite, which held a monopoly on power and property in former Soviet countries, had no interest in further market and democratic reforms. In their analysis of reasons for the stability of authoritarian regimes, the authors focus mainly on factors like the roles of the institution of power-property, of the nomenklatura as the ruling class, and of the patronage state. At the same time, this article looks at factors that could limit the development of authoritarian regimes in the former Soviet Union; these factors include competing political identities in society, the balance of power between regional elites, and the de-nomenklaturization of the political elite. The authors note that the main problem on the path of the transition to democracy is the absence of political and social actors interested in such changes.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The goal of Chinese civil service reform is an appropriate balance in the relationship between politics and administration. This article examines the interaction between Chinese reformers and ...bureaucrats by raising two key questions: “What problems did Chinese reformers identify?” and “What measures did Chinese bureaucrats use to address these problems?” The article discusses three approaches that reformers took toward establishing a civil service system in China as they attempted to define, arrange, and interpret priorities to meet political and policy challenges. Core to the endeavor is the question of how far measures can be taken to reduce the power and authority of the Communist Party of China such that a state civil service can fully function. The article finds that, although some bureaucrats did want to adopt certain Western principles in civil service (as they understood or misunderstood them), for the most part they relied on an examination of the national political systems to define reform problems and formulate solutions. In the final analysis, because the reformers decided to write politics into the law, the bureaucrats needed to find ways through the legislation to formalize the leading role of the party, to make description fit with facts (i.e., comport with reality), and to unify personnel management power by merging a statutory civil service law with a nonstatutory personnel management system.
This article concerns the interventions of the Kremlin (the center) into the administration of a republic, and negotiations between the center and the republican nomenklatura regarding power and the ...boundaries of political autonomy. My theory is that a vague interpretation of the concepts of nationalism in Soviet nationality politics allowed the Kremlin to fulfill the function of the highest arbiter and provided the opportunity for interference into the administration of the republics. This article shows how anti-Soviet protests in Lithuanian society influenced decision-making in Soviet nationality policy.
W pracy przedstawiono procesy powstawania nazw miejskich. Proces kształtowania nazw w miastach zmienia się na przestrzeni lat. Był to proces długotrwały, zależny od mieszkańców. Obywatele ...kształtowali swoje nazwy w codziennym życiu. Nazwy najczęściej informowały o pierwotnym krajobrazie lub zatrudnieniu ludzi. Informowały także o postępie gospodarczym i przemysłowym czy burzliwej historii miasta. Współcześnie możemy zaobserwować zmianę paradygmatu funkcji nazewnictwa spowodowaną przez urzędników. To efekt naszego pędu życia.
Prethodne IUPAC-ove preporuke imenovanja (nomenklature) jednonitnih polimera na osnovi podrijetla (NOP) odnosile su se uglavnom na kopolimere, nelinearne polimere, združene polimere i generičke ...polimere. Pravila navedena u ovim preporukama omogućuju jasnije i preciznije imenovanje polimera na osnovi podrijetla, kako homopolimera tako i kopolimera. Prikazani sveobuhvatni sustav imenovanja polimera na osnovi podrijetla prihvatljiva je alternativa sustavu imenovanja polimera na osnovi strukture. Zbog raširene i česte uporabe dodatno su opisane i preporuke za uporabu uvriježenih imena polimera.
This article examines the problems of the rise and consolidation of authoritarian regimes in former Soviet countries. The authors analyze the reasons why the transition to democracy failed in these ...newly independent states, including the absence of a strong tradition of civil society and the fact that the anti-communist revolution that took place in the Soviet Union in 1991 was not preceded by a "revolution of values." An important reason for the suspension of transitions to democracy was that the new ruling elite, which held a monopoly on power and property in former Soviet countries, had no interest in further market and democratic reforms. In their analysis of reasons for the stability of authoritarian regimes, the authors focus mainly on factors like the roles of the institution of power-property, of the nomenklatura as the ruling class, and of the patronage state. At the same time, this article looks at factors that could limit the development of authoritarian regimes in the former Soviet Union; these factors include competing political identities in society, the balance of power between regional elites, and the de-nomenklaturization of the political elite. The authors note that the main problem on the path of the transition to democracy is the absence of political and social actors interested in such changes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Prethodne IUPAC-ove preporuke imenovanja (nomenklature) jednonitnih polimera na osnovi podrijetla (NOP) odnosile su se uglavnom na kopolimere, nelinearne polimere, združene polimere i generičke ...polimere. Pravila navedena u ovim preporukama omogućuju jasnije i preciznije imenovanje polimera na osnovi podrijetla, kako homopolimera tako i kopolimera. Prikazani sveobuhvatni sustav imenovanja polimera na osnovi podrijetla prihvatljiva je alternativa sustavu imenovanja polimera na osnovi strukture. Zbog raširene i česte uporabe dodatno su opisane i preporuke za uporabu uvriježenih imena polimera.
duktilne prijelome.
Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna .
Do radical anticorruption measures such as lustration reduce corruption by systematically limiting the political participation of former authoritarian actors? While research has largely overlooked ...the role of transitional justice in addressing corruption, some scholars claim that lustration may increase corruption by reducing bureaucratic expertise. Analyzing original panel data from 30 post-communist states from 1996 to 2011, we find that lustration is effective in lowering corruption. Lustration disrupts the political, economic, and administrative malpractice of the preceding regimes by limiting opportunities for corruption of former communist elites. To illuminate the causal mechanism, we examine the cases of Estonia, which has adopted lustration and lowered corruption; Georgia, which has reduced corruption since first considering lustration; and Russia, which has not adopted lustration and maintains high levels of corruption. This study breaks new ground with a novel system-level explanation and an integrative approach to causation for the entire post-communist world.
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