Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations of modern biological systematics and nomenclature. Inspired by the work of his predecessors and ...contemporaries, Linnaeus was the first scientist to develop a coherent system for describing, classifying and naming organisms. The method he developed, known as binominal nomenclature, is the classification system still used in botany and zoology today. Philosophia Botanica was first published in 1751. Its publication followed that of several earlier works written by Linnaeus such as his Systema Naturae (1735) and Fundamenta Botanica (1736). Philosophia Botanica is an expanded version of Fundamenta Botanica with added commentary, and represents a critical stage in the evolution of Linnaeus’ ideas and the development of his binominal nomenclature applied to plants. In this new translation of Philosophia Botanica, example pages from Linnaeus’ original Latin text are presented alongside Stephen Freer’s English translation of the complete text. The book contains images of all eleven of the original plates, which illustrate the shapes of leaves and other plant structures and forms. Also included are Linnaeus’ explanations of the effects of soil and climatic conditions on plant growth, plus six short memoranda that describe Linnaeus’ botanical excursions, his ideas for garden lay-out and herbarium construction, and his thoughts on what was required of a botanist and his pupils. The Introduction, dedicated to the memory of Professor William Stearn is by Professor Paul Alan Cox of the National Tropical Botanical Gardens, Hawaii. This beautifully presented translation of Philosophia Botanica, is a valuable resource to botanists, taxonomists, r storians and all interested individuals, who will gain greater access to, and new insights into, the work of Carl Linnaeus, the father of modern systematics.
Abstract
Es werden ein System von Begriffen, das zur Beschreibung geordneter mikro‐ und mesoporöser Materialien geeignet ist, sowie Regeln zur Erstellung einer standardisierten kristallchemischen ...Formel für solche Materialien vorgeschlagen. Die Vorschläge basieren sowohl auf üblichen Vorgehensweisen als auch auf einem systematischen Klassifizierungsschema. Die Nomenklatur wurde so gestaltet, dass sie alle anorganischen Materialien mit geordneten, zugänglichen Poren umfasst, die freie Durchmesser kleiner 50 nm haben. Die kristallchemische Formel beschreibt die chemische Zusammensetzung sowohl der Gastspezies als auch des Wirts, die Struktur des Wirts, die Struktur des Porensystems und die Symmetrie des Materials. Die Formel kann entsprechend den Bedürfnissen des Nutzers vereinfacht oder erweitert werden.
Alle anorganischen Materialien mit geordneten, zugänglichen Poren
, die freie Durchmesser kleiner 50 nm haben, werden von der hier vorgestellten Nomenklatur erfasst. Eine kristallchemische Formel wie die gezeigte für Zeolith A gibt die chemische Zusammensetzung sowohl der Gastspezies als auch des Wirts wieder sowie die Struktur des Wirts, die Struktur des Porensystems und die Symmetrie des Materials. Die Formel kann entsprechend den Bedürfnissen des Nutzers vereinfacht oder erweitert werden.
|
Na
12
(H
2
O)
27
|
Al
12
Si
12
O
48
h
{
3 4
6
}
p
{
0 4
6
6
8
/3 4
12
6
8
8
6
〈100〉 (0.41)
}‐LTA
Measuring Psychopathology describes the methods by which the signs and symptoms of mental disorder are elicited, examined and evaluated. Written for the non-clinical researcher as well as for those ...with clinical experience, the authors start by considering the question 'what is psychopathology?' They then employ a historical perspective to explain why and how mental disorders are currently classified, and how the use of an operational approach to diagnosis was adopted. The use of operational criteria to define psychiatric disorder has facilitated the development of standardised interviewing techniques, questionnaires and rating scales. These tools are all covered in some detail, not only with regard to adults with mental disorders, but also with reference to special and challenging groups such as children and the elderly, and those with a learning disability, substance misuse, or who have a personality disorder. The strengths and weaknesses of current methodologies are explored and debated as well as the future diagnostic needs for research in the 21st century. Essential reading for clinicians and non-clinical scientists engaged in research on psychiatric disorders, trainees and junior psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists.
