This study aims to describe the use of noun phrase in from the terms of COVID-19 in CNNIndonesia.com online news. The object of this research is the nominal phrase found in the terms of COVID-19 in ...the CNN Indonesia.com online news . The data source of this research is 8 news articles that has been uploaded by CNNIndonesia.com online news from 26 to 27 march 2020. The method used in the provision of data is the observing method by using taking note technique. The method used in analyzing the data is the distributional method. The results of this research revealed that there were 27 nominal phrases used in 8 news articles that has been uploaded by CNNIndonesia.com online news from 26 to 27 March 2020.
English nominal premodifications such as adjective word order have piqued the interest of researchers in recent years due to their learning difficulty for all language learners regardless of their ...linguistic backgrounds. Non-native English speakers like EFL students may find this case challenging. In light of this, the current study sought to ascertain the difficulty level of Saudi EFL students in recognising the natural order of English attributive adjectives, taking into account the most challenging order sequence, gender, and language proficiency levels. To accomplish this main objective, a designed pronominal adjective test was developed and carried out on 139 Saudi undergraduate EFL students who were purposively recruited for this study. According to the findings, Saudi EFL students had varying degrees of difficulty recognising the natural English adjective word order. While 66.2% of students had moderate difficulty choosing the appropriate adjective sequence, only 15.1% and 18.7% of participants had low and high difficulty, respectively. The most difficult was nominal premodifications with four modifiers, followed by three and two modifiers. When there were only two modifiers, most participants correctly identified incorrect adjective word ordering and provided corrections. When more modifiers existed, the percentages decreased, and the difficulty level increased. Proficiency language level and gender statistically significant differences were also discovered. Although the former revealed no differences, the latter had differences in favour of males, implying that females performed better in the test than males. Based on these findings, limitations and future research directions were proposed.
Linguistic treatments of Bantu languages have traditionally focused on broadly historical/ comparative studies or on prototypical characteristics of the family, such as the nominal class system, the ...complexity of the verbal TAM system, or the tonal system. Consequently, far less attention has been placed upon the nominal phrase as a syntactic unit. To this end, Rugemalira (2007) proposes greater emphasis on Bantu morphosyntax generally. As such, the present study – situated within a broader discussion of the Bantu NP (cf. Chitebeta 2007, Godson & Godson 2015, Lusekelo 2009, Makanjila 2019, Möller 2011, Ondondo 2015, Rugemalira 2007) – builds upon Spier (2016, 2020, 2021) and introduces the first descriptive account of the nominal phrase in Ikyaushi, an underdocumented linguistic variety spoken in the Republic of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The data for this study, which arrive from fourteen narratives shared orally by male and female native speakers of the grandparental generation, indicate that seven distinct elements may co-occur with the nominal, but utterances with between one and three co-occurring adnominals are far more frequently attested and more straightforwardly comprehensible to speakers.
The aim of this article is to reopen the investigation of the ablative absolute in Latin and to analyse this construction and its use from one angle, namely, the coreferentiality rules. The examples ...for analysis have been taken from the Gallic Wars. As has been noticed before, in several works, the use of the absolute construction in texts written by classical authors, such as Caesar or Cicero, allows us to formulate a rule concerning its coreferentiality. As far as the syntactical coreferentiality is concerned, the classical rule requires an absolute construction to be — unsurprisingly — absolute, i. e., non-coreferential. This rule seems to be increasingly ignored by later authors. However, a deeper analysis taking into account not only syntactical but also semantical coreferentiality shows that the absoluteness of the construction is not so absolute after all, even in classical Latin. The examples of such use of the ablativus absolutus may be seen as forerunners of the change that occurred between classical and late Latin. The author proposes a hypothesis that an independent but similar development of the use of absolute constructions in different languages may suggest that there is a kind of interlinguistic tendency to substitute nominal phrases for subordinate clauses, especially in spoken language.
The proclitic su/sus modifies nouns of different semantic properties. In this paper it is shown that this proclitic is a determiner with meaning. It encodes a set of binary fea-tures (definiteness / ...anaphora-cataphora, possession / relation, proximity/empathy); those features are distributed on a hierarchical scale. They are activated on contextual discourse. In this proposal, possession is understood as a relationship that is estab-lished between an entity that appears in the possessor’s domain and an entity that can be owned or transferred. The su/sus features are described in simple and complex noun phrases; in a noun phrases like su celular de Ramon, su encodes definiteness / cataphora, the preposition de expresses the possession. The corpus used in this study is Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolinguístico del Español de España y de América (PRESEEA). It was used a second corpus, it is composed of high school and university students’ conversations. The results presented show relevant facts to provide a detailed explanation of the polysemy of third-person possessive proclitics.
En el español de la Ciudad de México es frecuente que el proclítico su/sus aparezca modificando nominales de diferente naturaleza semántica. En el presente trabajo se muestra que esta forma, estrictamente funcional, funge dentro de la frase nominal como un determinante con contenido. La finalidad es mostrar que las formas su/sus tienen una serie de rasgos semánticos binarios (definitud/anáfora-catáfora, posesión/ relación, proximidad/empatía), los cuales se distribuyen en una escala jerárquica, de manera tal que se activan o se ponen en relieve a partir del condicionamiento contextual de la frase nominal. En esta propuesta, la posesión es entendida como una relación que se establece entre una entidad que aparece en el dominio del poseedor y una entidad que puede ser poseída o transferida. Los rasgos de su/sus se interpretan en frases nominales simples y complejas a partir de la revisión del Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de España y de América (PRESEEA) y de otro corpus integrado por registros orales de personas con escolaridad media y superior. Se muestra que, en frases del tipo su celular de Ramón, la forma su codifica definitud/ catáfora, mientras que la preposición de expresa la relación de posesión. Lo anterior deja al descubierto hallazgos relevantes para brindar una explicación detallada ante la polisemia de los proclíticos posesivos de tercera persona
This paper investigates a pattern found in Spanish–English mixed language corpora whereby it is common to switch from a Spanish determiner to an English noun (e.g., la house, ‘the house’), but rare ...to switch from an English determiner to a Spanish noun (e.g., the casa, ‘the house’). Unlike previous theoretical accounts of this asymmetry, that which is proposed here follows assumptions of the Distributed Morphology (DM) framework, specifically those regarding the relationship between grammatical gender and nominal declension class in Spanish. Crucially, and again in contrast to previous accounts, it is demonstrated that this approach predicts no such asymmetry for French–English. This hypothesis is tested experimentally using an acceptability judgment task with self-paced reading, and as expected, no evidence is found for an asymmetry. This experiment is also used to test predictions regarding how English nominal roots in mixed nominal phrases are assigned grammatical gender, and the impact of language background factors such as age of acquisition. Evidence is found that bilinguals attempt to assign analogical gender if possible, but that late sequential bilinguals have a stronger preference for this option than do simultaneous bilinguals.
Abstract
This paper investigates the licensing condition of the
Num(eral)-Cl(assifier)-Mod(ifier)-
de
-N(oun) / Mod-
de
-Num-Cl‑N variation in Mandarin Chinese.
It is observed that this variation ...represents a complex interface phenomenon in the nominal domain, which is subject to the
semantic condition concerning the i(ndividual)-level/s(tage)-level nature of the modifier contained on the one hand, and the
discourse-related condition concerning
contrastive topic
(
ct
) on the other. Based on this, at the syntax-semantics
interface level, this paper proposes a division of the syntactic domain of adnominal modification to account for the discrepancy
between i‑level and s‑level modifiers in terms of their capability in forming Mod-
de
-Num-Cl‑N in the neutral
context. In the meanwhile, at the syntax-discourse interface level, in light of the interface-induced analysis pursued by
Neeleman & Van de Koot (2008)
and
Horvath
(2010)
, it is claimed that the word order of Mod-
de
-Num-Cl‑N could be adopted as a linguistic device
to encode
ct
within the nominal domain in Mandarin Chinese, in which case the ordering of Mod-
de
-Num-Cl‑N is
licensed for the purpose of establishing a transparent mapping between syntactic configuration and information structure.
The aim of this book is to investigate how definiteness is expressed in Polish, a language which is claimed to have no definite and in-definite articles. The central question is how the difference in ...definiteness is indicated between 'a woman' and 'the woman' in Polish. In English, the definite article 'the' and the indefinite article 'a' express the category of definiteness explicitly. Since definiteness is also relevant in articleless languages, there are other means to indicate that a nominal phrase is definite or indefinite. This study is delimited to four means for expressing definiteness in Polish, which are demonstratives, aspect, case alternation, and information structure. Each strategy is investigated independently from the others, although they interact in a complex way, which is shown at the end of this book resulting in a decision tree. Polish is not investigated in isolation, however, the study is complemented by comparisons with other Slavic languages and also with a Polish dialect called 'Upper Silesian', which differs from Polish. The analysis in this book is based on Löbner’s theory of 'Concept Types and Determination' (CTD). Löbner’s distinction of the four concept types (sortal, relational, functional, individual) is crucial since definiteness phenomena under discussion can be explained. Therefore, the interaction of the four concept types with the four definiteness strategies plays a central role in this book.
El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las repercusiones que tiene un programa de intervención que utiliza el par mínimo de oraciones (estrategia básica de la logogenia) para mejorar el desarrollo ...morfosintáctico de tres niños de nueve años con déficits auditivos. La logogenia es un método creado por Radelli para facilitar la adquisición del lenguaje escrito como primera lengua en ausencia de audición. Para evaluar la habilidad morfosintáctica se utilizó una adaptación de la “Escala de Activación de la Competencia Lingüística en el Sordo” (AESACTIV), la “Prueba de Evaluación de la Morfosintaxis” (P.E.M.) y la Longitud Media de Emisión (LME) de las respuestas dadas a preguntas abiertas. La prueba de Wilcoxon mostró un incremento estadísticamente significativo de las puntuaciones pre-post en la AESACTIV y en la P.E.M. Asimismo la LME aumentó una media de 1,35 palabras tras la aplicación del programa de intervención. Finalmente, se analizan las características que hacen del par mínimo de oraciones una técnica eficaz para mejorar la comprensión y la expresión de estructuras morfosintácticas, así como las variables que podrían condicionar los efectos del programa.
The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effects that a program that uses the minimal pair of sentences (the basic strategy used in logogenia) in order to improve the morphosyntactic development of three nine-years-old children who have hearing impairment. Logogenia is a method designed by Radelli in order to facilitate the acquisition of the written language as a first language. An adaptation of the “Escala de Activación de la Competencia Lingüística en el Sordo” (AESACTIV), the “Prueba de Evaluación de la Morfosintaxis” (P.E.M.), and the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) of the answers given to open questions were used to evaluate the morphosyntactic skill. Wilcoxon test showed and statistical
increment in pre-post scores obtained in AESACTIV and in P.E.M. Furhermore, children´s answers increased their MLU an average of 1,35 words. Finally, the features of the technique that make the minimal pair of sentences works are analysed, as well as some variables that could affect the effects of the program.
This paper is concerned with the diachronic development of the placement of Czech possessive adjectives relative to the head noun in Old and Middle Czech. At the same time, the aim of this study is ...also to introduce a possible way of approaching complex language data. We base our analysis on cross-linguistic synchronic generalizations regarding possessor placement which connect monolexemic possessors (which are high on the nominal animacy hierarchy) to the prenominal position. A sample of 1417 possessive adjectives obtained from available sources of Old and Middle Czech texts was annotated for an array of semantic and syntactic variables. The relationship between these variables and the possessor placement was analysed using classification trees and random forests. The results do not support the synchronic generalizations. We interpret this finding by positing two frequent, lexically partially filled constructions, N Kristův ‘N of Christ’ and syn N-ův ‘son of N’. We conclude that the patterns observed in the data can be explained by the interaction of extralinguistic socio-cultural factors and the effects of frequency and similarity in these two constructions.
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