The discussion in this paper is intended to describe how Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) views Timor Leste during the period of Portuguese ...occupation, Indonesia’s presence, until the present-day conditions. Using some van Dijk’s models of CDA to examine the statements to represent its history in some editorials published by ABC and BBC news resources, the analysis was carried out at the levels of selected statements with regard to the linguistic features of lexical choices, nominalization, passivization, and overcompleteness. The results of the analysis show that the statements constructed by ABC and BBC’s news editorials as the news discourse about the history of Timor Leste in such relations are discursively biased in terms of CDA. With various differences in terms of the linguistic features, the result also in line with the view that both ABC and BBC’s statements are mostly dichotomizing Portuguese into ‘Us’ while Indonesia into ‘Them’ in terms of van Dijk’s ‘ideological square’.
Action nominalizations are employed in business English to attain a higher degree of condensation, abstraction, and accuracy. This paper reports on a corpus-based study of the actual usage patterns ...of -tion nominals in business news. In contrast to previous corpus-based studies of nominalizations, we adopt a syntactic approach and focus on the realization of the argument structure of -tion nominals. The primary aim of the paper is to shed light on the formal characteristics of the action nominalization patterns in business English, as well as to identify tendencies in the usage of -tion nominals in business writing.
The Turkish nominalizer
demonstrates a broad spectrum of functions ranging from a deverbal word-formation device that forms lexicalized nouns with concrete and abstract meanings to an inflectional ...marker used in nominal clauses, especially in clausal complementation. In some uses, the item conveys manner semantics. While the item itself has been variously investigated and forms an established part of any Turkish grammar description, there is still a lack of consensus on its functional and semantic properties. This article investigates the morphosyntactic functions and the semantic features of the nominalizer
in light of the claims in the linguistic literature on the one hand, which include manner, countable events, factive imperfective, single instance of an event, direct reference to the inner process of an action, etc., and of examples from primary sources on the other, and evaluates the findings from the perspective of grammaticalization. It will be argued that the range of functions of this item and the fact that it seems to resist any straightforward analysis result from its transition from a derivational marker to an inflectional marker with tasks including complementizer functions, a process in which manner semantics will be argued to play a role.
In academic English, nominalizations are used to achieve a higher level of abstraction, condensation and precision. This paper focuses on the actual usage patterns of -er nominalizations in academic ...writing, more precisely in the written assignments of business undergraduates. The research relies on the data collected from the British Academic Written English corpus. The main aim is to shed some light on the formal characteristics of the agent-denoting nominalization patterns in student writing and to identify trends and tendencies in the use of these nominals. The results of the research can increase student awareness of the linguistic patterns of nominalizations and improve the teaching techniques involved in developing academic writing skills.
This afterword constructs a working typology of nominalizations, based on but not restricted to the papers collected in this special issue. The typology is based on what we call the Functional ...Nominalization Thesis (FNT), a version of the model of “mixed projections” proposed in
Borsley and Kornfilt (2000) which claims that nominal properties of a nominalization are contributed by a nominal functional projection; above that projection the structure has nominal properties, below it, verbal properties. We argue for four possible levels of nominalization, CP, TP,
vP and VP. We show that certain internal syntactic phenomena are characteristic of different levels of nominalization: genitive subjects of nominalization at TP and below, genitive objects of nominalization at
vP and below. We suggest that the inventory of categories implicated in nominalization is quite restricted: D, and nominal counterparts of ‘light’ verbal categories. We examine two alternatives to the FNT, the framework of
Panagiotidis and Grohmann (2009) and
Bresnan's (1997) head-sharing approach, and argue that our treatment is more appropriate under a minimalist approach, as it accommodates the facts within an independently motivated inventory of functional categories, without positing a special type of category limited only to nominalizations. We counter Bresnan's objections against a syntactic derivation of nominalizations by showing that a word's lexical integrity can be successfully violated by “suspended affixation” in syntactically derived nominalizations in Turkish while such integrity has to be respected in lexically derived nominalizations.
Two questions are to answer as the basis for data analysis and discussion, namely: (i) does English gerund belong to nominalization or verbalization?; and (ii) why do EFL learners in Indonesia ...academically need to understand the morpho-semantic properties of the English gerunds? The data presented and analyzed in this paper were collected by means of a short-limited research in the form of library study and supported by writers’ experience as the lecturers of English Grammar and Linguistics. The data analysis and discussion are based on relevant linguistic theories of morpho-syntactic properties of gerunds and those which belong to the principles of Pedagogical Grammar of EFL. The result of data analysis reveals that gerund in English is both nominalization and verbalization with certain morpho-semantic characteristics. As English gerunds are practically productive and linguistically unique, the EFL learners in Indonesia undoubtedly need the linguistic-grammatical knowledge and they are proceeded to have the ability to use gerunds grammatically. The idea delivered through this paper is believed as a significant note for EFL learners, particularly in Indonesia.
Bu çalışma Türkçede ayrıklık (separationism, Beard, 1995: anlam ve biçimin ayrı
düzlemselliği) ve ayrıklığın Türkçe gibi bitişimli dillerdeki önemi üzerinedir.
Çalışma, anlam içermeyen saltbiçimsel
...(morphomic, Aronoff, 1994) türetimleri incelemektedir. Örneğin okuyucu sözcüğü, kök biçimin (oku-) anlamı ve amaçlanan çıktı anlam
‘okuyucu: okuma eylemini yapan’ dışında bir anlam içermese de, yapı, amaçlanan
anlamla etkileşen -CI eklenmesinden
önce bir biçim daha içermektedir: -I eklenmesi
ile okuyu-. Bu gibi oluşumlarda anlam
güdüsüz biçimsel işlemler devrededir, güdü yalnızca ulamsal ve biçimseldir.
Yukarıda okuyucu’dan önce elde edilen
okuyu- gibi türevlerdeki -I eklenmesi, alanyazınında fark edilmeyerek,
sonrasındaki -CI, -lI gibi eklerle birlikte algılanmıştır:
*-ICI gibi. Oysaki, -I gibi özerk eklenmeler, biçimyapısı
açısından önemlidir: (i) Anlam-biçim ayrıklığını, (ii) bağımlı ön/arabiçimleri
ve (iii) biçimyapısının taban koşullarını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Saltbiçimsel
işlemler, ayrıca, kimi bilişsel dilbilim modellerinin (örn. van Langendonck, 2007) biçimsel dilbilim
modellerini eleştirirken değindiği görüntüsellik ilkesine de açıkça aykırıdır;
dilin yapısının dünya kavramlarına bağımlı olmadığı, kendine özgü olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
This study concerns
itself with separationism (Beard, 1995) in Turkish and the need for
separationism in agglutinating languages as well. The study scrutinizes
morphomic (cf. Aronoff, 1994) derivations, which are devoid of semantics. In
the expression okuyucu ‘reader’, for
instance, there is no other (intermediate) meaning than the meaning of the root
oku- (read) and the target meaning of
okuyucu ‘reader: the doer of
reading’. However, the derivative includes one more formal item, -I with the output okuyu-, right before -CI
suffixation. In such formations, morphomic operations, which are motivated
morphologically and/or categorically, but not semantically, take place. The -I suffixation yielding derivatives like okuyu- as above has been misconceived as
a piece of suffixes following it, such as -CI
and -lI, i.e. *-ICI. Importantly however, affixations like -I contributes to understanding the nature of morphology: They
indicate (i) affixations without meaning, (ii) the existence of preforms, and
(iii) morphological base conditions. Morphomic operations, further, challenge
iconicity, which cognitive linguistic models, such as van Langendonck (2007),
are for when criticizing formal linguistics. Morphomic operations show that
grammar cannot depend on purely world concepts.
Japanese psychological nouns (psych nouns)
‘like’ and
‘dislike’ mark their objects with nominative or accusative case, but it is unclear what circumstances make accusative objects acceptable. Two ...acceptability judgment experiments manipulating object case, object animacy, and the psych nouns’ syntactic environment (copular, inchoative, relative clause) show significantly lower acceptability of accusative than nominative objects in copular and relative clauses, but no significant difference in inchoative clauses. A proposed account for these findings is that psych nouns can be nominalized VoicePs, in which case their projections contain external and event arguments and their objects are accusative-licensed, or nominalized VPs, in which case no external or event argument is available, and their objects are caseless and marked with nominative as the default case. The experiments also reveal a significant interaction between object animacy and case with
‘like’, suggesting the possibility that this is an emerging differential object-marking. (148)
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