This paper proposes various stages of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) besides its transmissibility and nonlinear incidence rate to develop an epidemic model. The authors plan the model, and then prove ...some basic results for the well-posedness in term of boundedness and positivity. Moreover, the authors find the threshold parameter
R
0
, called the basic/effective reproductive number and carry out local sensitive analysis. Furthermore, the authors examine stability and hence condition for stability in terms of
R
0
. By using sensitivity analysis, the authors formulate a control problem in order to eradicate HBV from the population and proved that the control problem actually exists. The complete characterization of the optimum system was achieved by using the 4
th
-order Runge-Kutta procedure.
One of the main types of distress observed in Asphalt Concrete (AC) overlays is reflective cracking, and a reflective cracking model has been recently incorporated into the latest released version of ...AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (PMED) software. This study documents the complete results of the sensitivity with respect to the design inputs and material properties of reflective cracking distress predicted by the PMED software. Six representative locations distributed across different climate zones of the United States were considered for studying the effects of climate extremities on changes in predicted reflective cracking distress. One-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity analyses was performed to determine the Normalized Sensitivity Index (NSI), with two scenarios considered for OAT analyses: (i) sensitivity of short-term reflective cracking prediction (i.e., the year when predicted distress reached 4000 ft/mile) and (ii) sensitivity of long-term reflective cracking prediction (20-year design life). The summary of NSI ranking for varying traffic levels are presented.
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