Berylliose chez une soudeuse de 56 ans Loss, Matthew; McCauley, Graeme; Carlsten, Chris
Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ),
02/2024, Letnik:
196, Številka:
5
Journal Article
The growing demand of society for gas sensors for energy-efficient environmental sensing stimulates studies of new electronic materials. Here, we investigated quasi-one-dimensional titanium ...trisulfide (TiSsub.3) crystals for possible applications in chemiresistors and on-chip multisensor arrays. TiSsub.3 nanoribbons were placed as a mat over a multielectrode chip to form an array of chemiresistive gas sensors. These sensors were exposed to isopropanol as a model analyte, which was mixed with air at low concentrations of 1-100 ppm that are below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit. The tests were performed at room temperature (RT), as well as with heating up to 110 °C, and under an ultraviolet (UV) radiation at λ = 345 nm. We found that the RT/UV conditions result in a n-type chemiresistive response to isopropanol, which seems to be governed by its redox reactions with chemisorbed oxygen species. In contrast, the RT conditions without a UV exposure produced a p-type response that is possibly caused by the enhancement of the electron transport scattering due to the analyte adsorption. By analyzing the vector signal from the entire on-chip multisensor array, we could distinguish isopropanol from benzene, both of which produced similar responses on individual sensors. We found that the heating up to 110 °C reduces both the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor array.
La tendencia hacia la integración existe porque los sistemas de gestión independientes afectan la eficiencia y la eficacia de la organización. En esta investigación, es rediseñado el modelo de ...Gestión Integrado con Calidad, Medioambiente, Seguridad y Salud del Trabajo, Energía e Investigación + Desarrollo + Innovación en la empresa de Servicios de Seguridad Integral Sociedad Anónima, a partir de los requisitos establecidos en las normas: NC ISO 9001:2015, NC 14001: 2015; NC ISO 45001: 2018; NC ISO 1307:2019 y NC ISO 50001:2019 y las recomendaciones dadas en la NC PAS 99:2012. Se realiza un análisis bibliográfico de las normas y los modelos existentes. El diagnóstico inicial reflejó el estado de la organización para afrontar la integración y el incumplimiento de los estándares mencionados, lo que afecta el funcionamiento eficaz del sistema. Se propone una nueva estructura a partir de la relación de los documentos con los requisitos y procesos generales, lo que posibilita la reducción de la información documentada y un mejor rendimiento organizacional.
•This paper initiate reflection of the integration of OHS into Industry 4.0.•It discuss the potential effects of Industry 4.0 technologies on OHS.•It list some of the recommendations founded in ...scientific literature.
Real-time communication, Big Data, human–machine cooperation, remote sensing, monitoring and process control, autonomous equipment and interconnectivity are becoming major assets in modern industry. As the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0 becomes the predominant reality, it will bring new paradigm shifts, which will have an impact on the management of occupational health and safety (OHS).
In the midst of this new and accelerating industrial trend, are we giving due consideration to changes in OHS imperatives? Are the OHS consequences of Industry 4.0 being evaluated properly? Do we stand to lose any of the gains made through proactive approaches? Are there rational grounds for major concerns? In this article, we examine these questions in order to raise consciousness with regard to the integration of OHS into Industry4.0.
It is clear that if the technologies driving Industry 4.0 develop in silos and manufacturers’ initiatives are isolated and fragmented, the dangers will multiply and the net impact on OHS will be negative. As major changes are implemented, previous gains in preventive management of workplace health and safety will be at risk. If we are to avoid putting technological progress and OHS on a collision course, researchers, field experts and industrialists will have to collaborate on a smooth transition towards Industry 4.0.
Given that burnout is a major problem in many societies and that employers are legally obliged to act in preventing job stress, there is a need of validated and reliable short self-report ...instruments. The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) is developed to measure burnout as a syndrome with four core components (exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive and emotional impairment). So far, the BAT was tested in over 40 studies with encouraging results. Although a short, 12-item version of the BAT exists, there is need for an ultra-short version with even less items. The overall aim is to develop an ultra-short 4-item version of the BAT (BAT4) and to evaluate its construct validity using Rasch analysis in samples from various countries along with its measurement invariance regarding country, age and gender. The BAT4 was developed using mixed methods, i.e. combining the results from a Rasch analysis, a subject matter analysis and expert judgements. Construct validity was tested on data from national representative samples from eight countries (the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Ireland, and Japan) and in a pooled sample combing the data from all eight countries. Differential item functioning regarding age, gender and country was investigated. The BAT4 fulfilled all the criteria required by the Rasch measurement model to constitute a valid measure in the pooled and country specific samples, except Austria and Japan. In the pooled sample, measurement invariance between the eight countries as well as between gender and age was found. Analyses within different countries showed occasional gender and age DIF for some items. The results were promising regarding BAT4's construct validity and measurement invariance. Although the BAT4 includes only four items, its content coverage is acceptable. The BAT4 can be used as a short screening instrument for burnout complaints at the group or organisational level.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
After reviewing the various ways employee recovery from work has been conceptualized in existing literature as well as the predominant theoretical frameworks used to study recovery, we meta-analyze ...the relationships between employee recovery, demands, resources, well-being, and performance. We also quantitatively examine the conceptualizations of recovery as activities, experiences, or states in terms of both their intercorrelations and differing effects with demands, resources, well-being, and performance. Results of meta-analyses using a total of 198 empirical samples indicated general support for the hypothesized positive relationships between employee recovery and resources, well-being, and performance as well as a negative relationship with demands. However, the size and consistency of observed effects differed markedly based on the conceptualization utilized. Additionally, various conceptualizations of recovery were shown to be only modestly related, while recovery experiences and the state of being recovered were shown to have substantial temporal consistency. Implications of these findings for scholars studying recovery and practitioners are discussed.
Occupational and environmental exposure to metals can adversely affect human health. Lead is a common and abundant toxic heavy metal present in the inert environment and in all biological system. ...Exposure to lead have several detrimental effects on nervous, cardiovascular, skeletal, renal and hemopoietic system of body. However, little is known about the influence of lead on immune system in human population. The aim of this study was to examine blood lead levels in occupationally exposed individual and to correlate with serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-37 levels. The study comprises of 50 male individuals (aged 32-63 years) working in factories (handicraft, welding) with occupational exposure for at least 2 years and 30 apparently healthy subjects with no occupational exposure were recruited in the study. A written consent was taken from each subject in the study. Blood lead level (BLL) served as biomarker for lead exposure and was determined using Dual Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ICE 3500 Thermofisher). Serum cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-37, IL-4) were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. A statistically significant higher blood lead levels were observed in the exposed group when compared to the non-exposed group (p<0.05). Among the immunoregulatory cytokines a statistically significant negative correlation was found between the blood lead levels and IL-2 (r=-0.250, p=.011) in all the exposed subjects when compared with the non-exposed subjects. On the other hand, serum IL-17, IL-4 did not show any statistically significant difference in the levels when compared between the two study groups. Our results, suggests that occupational exposure to lead may affect the immune system of host by altering the levels of various immunoregulatory cytokines in the body.
Exposure-response assessment methods have shifted towards more quantitative approaches, with health risk assessors exploring more statistically driven techniques. These assessments, however, usually ...rely on one critical health effect from a single key study. Categorical regression addresses this limitation by incorporating data from all relevant studies-- including human, animal, and mechanistic studies--thereby including a broad spectrum of health endpoints and exposure levels for exposure-response analysis in an objective manner. Categorical regression requires the establishment of ordered response categories corresponding to increasingly severe adverse health outcomes and the availability of a comprehensive database that summarizes all data on different outcomes from different studies, including the exposure or dose at which these outcomes are observed and their severity. It has found application in the risk assessment of essential nutrients and trace metals. Since adverse effects may arise from either deficient or excess exposure, the exposure-response curve is U-shaped, which provides a basis for determining optimal intake levels that minimize the joint risks of deficiency and excess. This article provides an overview of the use of categorical regression fit exposure-response models incorporating data from multiple evidence streams. An extension of categorical regression that permits the simultaneous analysis of excess and deficiency toxicity data is presented and applied to comprehensive databases on copper and manganese. Future applications of categorical regression will be able to make greater use of diverse data sets developed using new approach methodologies, which can be expected to provide valuable information on toxic responses of varying severity.
