This first complete history of Israel's occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip allows us to see beyond the smoke screen of politics in order to make sense of the dramatic changes that have ...developed on the ground over the past forty years. Looking at a wide range of topics, from control of water and electricity to health care and education as well as surveillance and torture, Neve Gordon's panoramic account reveals a fundamental shift from a politics of life—when, for instance, Israel helped Palestinians plant more than six-hundred thousand trees in Gaza and provided farmers with improved varieties of seeds—to a macabre politics characterized by an increasing number of deaths. Drawing attention to the interactions, excesses, and contradictions created by the forms of control used in the Occupied Territories, Gordon argues that the occupation's very structure, rather than the policy choices of the Israeli government or the actions of various Palestinian political factions, has led to this radical shift.
Relevance. The infliction of war and military aggression is a violation of children's basic rights, because during war children gain experiences that are in stark contrast to their needs to grow up ...in a physically and emotionally safe and predictable environment.
Objective of the work was to establish the frequency and manifestations of emotional disorders in children who lived in the occupied territory of Ukraine in February-March 2022.
Material and methods. In May-July 2022, 184 children aged 3-17 years who lived in February-March 2022 in Kyiv and Chernihiv regions in the territories occupied by Russian troops were examined. Psychological and psychiatric counseling of 119 children was carried out. The "Child's Dream" method was used to identify themes of disturbing thoughts (the child was asked to draw a sleeping child and a dream that she had). Parents of 81 children were also surveyed using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17): 29 children from May 3 to May 17 (Group I); 17 children from May 19 to May 31 (II group); 35 children from June 6 to July 14 (III group).
Results. Anxiety disorders were detected in 27.7% of children, and conditions associated with high anxiety (insomnia, phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder, behavioral disorders) were found in another 24.4%. In 72.4% of the children of the I group, 29.4% of the children of the II group, and 17.1% of the children of the III group, internalization disorders were found; disorders of attention and externalization were found only in children of I (55.2% and 51.7%, respectively) and II groups (20.4% and 11.8%, respectively).
Conclusions. More than half of the children who lived in the occupied territory were found to have psychoemotional disorders with a predominance of anxiety. 3 months after experiencing acute stress, internalization problems remain in 17% of children. These emotional disorders indicate the need to develop psychological correction measures.
Israel's military court system, a centerpiece of Israel's apparatus of control in the West Bank and Gaza since 1967, has prosecuted hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. This authoritative book ...provides a rare look at an institution that lies both figuratively and literally at the center of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Lisa Hajjar has conducted in-depth interviews with dozens of Israelis and Palestinians--including judges, prosecutors, defense lawyers, defendants, and translators--about their experiences and practices to explain how this system functions, and how its functioning has affected the conflict. Her lucid, richly detailed, and theoretically sophisticated study highlights the array of problems and debates that characterize Israel's military courts as it asks how the law is deployed to protect and further the interests of the Israeli state and how it has been used to articulate and defend the rights of Palestinians living under occupation.
Europe on Trial Deák, István; Naimark, Norman M.
2015, 20180427, 2013, 2018-04-27, 2015-01-06
eBook
Europe on Trial explores the history of collaboration, retribution, and resistance during World War II. These three themes are examined through the experiences of people and countries under German ...occupation, as well as Soviet, Italian, and other military rule. Those under foreign rule faced innumerable moral and ethical dilemmas, including the question of whether to cooperate with their occupiers, try to survive the war without any political involvement, or risk their lives by becoming resisters. Many chose all three, depending on wartime conditions. Following the brutal war, the author discusses the purges of real or alleged war criminals and collaborators, through various acts of violence, deportations, and judicial proceedings at the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal as well as in thousands of local courts. Europe on Trial helps us to understand the many moral consequences both during and immediately following World War II.
Introduction 1 From Brutality to International Conventions to Renewed Brutality: Foreign Occupations in European History 2 Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland: The First German Conquests A Perfect Union Without Firing a Shot To the Last Bullet 3 Defeat and Submission: Europe's Honeymoon with Hitler, 1939-1941 Toward a "Great Germanic" Brotherhood? The Belgians and the French under German Rule Cozy Islanders The Pitfalls of Collaboration in the Balkans 4 The Invasion of the Soviet Union and East European Collaboration Caught Between Two Giants The Worst Place to Be: Ukraine during the War Toward a Turning Point in the Conflict 5 Germany's Many Allies: A Blessing or a Curse? The Allies of Germany and the "Final Solution" Mutual Jealousies and Suspicions Ethnic Cleansing Hitler's "Strong-Man" Allies 6 The Beginnings of German Decline: The Growth and Many Dilemmas of the Resistance Movements Life and Death in the Resistance The Resistance Press and Radio The Special Operations Executive (SOE) Resistance in the Countries Expecting British and American Liberation Helping Jews 7 Resistance and Civil War in Eastern, Southern, and Southeastern Europe The East European Tragedy Poland: An Extraordinary Case Polish and Jewish Resistance: A Difficult Relationship Resistance in the German-Occupied Parts of the Soviet Union Resistance and Chaos in the Balkans The Gorgopotamos Saga Slovakia and Transylvania 8 Freedom Fighters or Terrorists: Case Studies of Resistance and Reprisal The Via Rasella and the Ardeatine Cave The Oradour Tragedy Revenge and Ethnic Cleansing at Novi Sad 9 The End of the War, the Apparent Triumph of the Resistance Movements, and the First Retributions The End in Germany The Legacy of the German Resistance The End in the East 10 Purging Hitler's Europe The Road to Nuremberg and to the National Court Trials Justice and Injustice at Nuremberg Justice and Injustice in the National Courts of Justice 11 The Long Aftermath of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution The Cold War and the Suspension of Retributions Renewed Attempts at Reprisals Epilogue Suggestions for Further Study
The article substantiates the scientific and political relevance of the topic of studying the German occupation policy in Ukraine in 1941. The main differences in the approaches to this problem of ...Russian and Ukrainian historians are shown. The source base of this study was the documents of the intelligence agencies of the Southern and Southwestern Fronts from the funds of the Central Archives of the Ministry of Defense, which contain secret directives of the German command that determine the political and economic activities of the Germans on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR that they have seized. Purpose of the study: using previously unknown archival documents to characterize the main directions of the Nazi occupation policy in Ukraine in 1941 and to show the role of Ukrainian collaborators in creating a "new order" in the occupied territories. The basis of the research methodology is the principle of historicism, which presupposes an examination of the object under study, taking into account the specific circumstances of the second half of 1941. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the authors showed the evolution of the views of the German government regarding the prospects for Ukrainian statehood; gave a description of the economic activities of the Third Reich on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR; proved that the suppression of the partisan movement became an important direction of the occupation policy; identified the main methods and means of Nazi propaganda in Ukraine. The main scientific result: it is shown that the German occupation authorities, having established a repressive regime in Ukraine, considered Ukrainian nationalists exclusively as puppets, without putting on the agenda the issue of creating Ukraine as an independent state.
The South African War (1899–1902), also called the Boer War and Anglo-Boer War, began as a conventional conflict. It escalated into a savage irregular war fought between the two Boer republics and a ...British imperial force that adopted a scorched-earth policy and used concentration camps to break the will of Afrikaner patriots and Boer guerrillas. In An Imperfect Occupation , John Boje delves into the agonizing choices faced by Winburg district residents during the British occupation. Afrikaner men fought or evaded combat or collaborated; Afrikaner women fled over the veld or submitted to life in the camps; and black Africans weighed the life or death consequences of taking sides. Boje's sensitive analysis showcases the motives, actions, and reactions of Boers and Africans alike as initial British accommodation gave way to ruthlessness. Challenging notions of Boer unity and homogeneity, Boje illustrates the precarious tightrope of resistance, neutrality, and collaboration walked by people on all sides. He also reveals how the repercussions of the war's transformative effect on Afrikaner identity plays out in today's South Africa. Readable and compassionate, An Imperfect Occupation provides a dramatic account of the often overlooked aspects of one of the first "modern" wars.
The monograph reports the results of a study on the search for countermeasures in a hybrid war, in particular, in the war waged by Russia against Ukraine: generalized strategies for conducting and ...countermeasures in a hybrid war; strategic aspects of the Russian-Ukrainian war are analyzed; a subdomain analysis of the features of the Russian-Ukrainian war on land, in the air, at sea, in information space (in particular, cyberspace) was carried out; informational, social, legal, and historical aspects of the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war were investigated. The monograph was prepared based on the materials of the research work "Improving the Theoretical Foundations of Countering Hybrid Warfare" (State registration number: 0122U200490) within the framework of the Ukraine-NATO Platform for Countering Hybrid Warfare, as part of the implementation of international scientific projects: "Military Aspects of Countering Hybrid Warfare: Experiences, Lessons, Best Practices" (NATO code – SAS-161) with the NATO Science and Technology Organization and "Total Defence" with the Norwegian Defence University College, Norway.
There is a hidden legacy of war that is rarely talked about: the children of native civilians and enemy soldiers. What is their fate?This book unearths the history of the thousands of forgotten ...children of World War II, including its prelude and aftermath during the Spanish Civil War and the Allied occupation of Germany. It looks at liaisons between German soldiers and civilian women in the occupied territories, and the Nazi Lebensborn program of racial hygiene. It also considers the children of African-American soldiers and German women. The authors examine what happened when the foreign solders went home and discuss the policies adopted towards these children by the Nazi authorities as well as postwar national governments. Personal testimonies from the children themselves reveal the continued pain and shame of being children of the enemy.Case studies are taken from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Norway, Denmark and Spain.
PDF
