Based on longitudinal ethnographic work on migration between the United States and Taiwan, Time and Migration interrogates how long-term immigrants negotiate their needs as they grow older and how ...transnational migration shapes later- life transitions. Ken Chih-Yan Sun develops the concept of a "temporalities of migration" to examine the interaction between space, place, and time. He demonstrates how long-term settlement in the United States, coupled with changing homeland contexts, has inspired aging immigrants and returnees to rethink their sense of social belonging, remake intimate relations, and negotiate opportunities and constraints across borders. The interplay between migration and time shapes the ways aging migrant populations reassess and reconstruct relationships with their children, spouses, grandchildren, community members, and home, as well as host societies. Aging, Sun argues, is a global issue and must be reconsidered in a cross-border environment.
•Prediction of persistent depressive symptoms in older adults was superior using machine learning (‘extreme gradient boosting’), compared to a traditional statistical approach (logistic ...regression).•Using a machine learning approach (‘extreme gradient boosting), an average of 89% of those predicted to have PHQ-9 scores above threshold at 12 months, actually did, compared to 78% using logistic regression.•These findings support the potential for machine learning approaches to support the development of personalised mental healthcare.
Depression causes significant physical and psychosocial morbidity. Predicting persistence of depressive symptoms could permit targeted prevention, and lessen the burden of depression. Machine learning is a rapidly expanding field, and such approaches offer powerful predictive abilities. We investigated the utility of a machine learning approach to predict the persistence of depressive symptoms in older adults.
Baseline demographic and psychometric data from 284 patients were used to predict the likelihood of older adults having persistent depressive symptoms after 12 months, using a machine learning approach (‘extreme gradient boosting’). Predictive performance was compared to a conventional statistical approach (logistic regression). Data were drawn from the ‘treatment-as-usual’ arm of the CASPER (CollAborative care and active surveillance for Screen-Positive EldeRs with subthreshold depression) trial.
Predictive performance was superior using machine learning compared to logistic regression (mean AUC 0.72 vs. 0.67, p < 0.0001). Using machine learning, an average of 89% of those predicted to have PHQ-9 scores above threshold at 12 months actually did, compared to 78% using logistic regression. However, mean negative predictive values were somewhat lower for the machine learning approach (45% vs. 35%).
A relatively small sample size potentially limited the predictive power of the algorithm. In addition, PHQ-9 scores were used as an indicator of persistent depressive symptoms, and whilst well validated, a clinical interview would have been preferable.
Overall, our findings support the potential application of machine learning in personalised mental healthcare.
Retirement is being 'reconstructed', with the UK following the US path of abolishing mandatory retirement and increasing state pension ages. This timely book assesses prospects for work and ...retirement at age 65-plus in the UK and US.
Part 1 explores the shifting 'policy logics' in both countries that increase both the need and opportunities to work past age 65. Part 2 presents an original comparative statistical analysis on the wide range of factors influencing employment at this age. Part 3 proposes a series of policies across the life-course that would promote security and autonomy for older people.
Pathways to employment after 65 are complex and pressures to work at this age are likely to result in very unequal outcomes. This book is essential reading for researchers, students and practitioners interested in the late careers and the future of retirement.
For all these rights Klein, Jennifer
2003., 20100102, 2010, 2003, 2006, c2003., 2003-01-01, 20030101, Letnik:
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eBook
The New Deal placed security at the center of American political and economic life by establishing an explicit partnership between the state, economy, and citizens. In America, unlike anywhere else ...in the world, most people depend overwhelmingly on private health insurance and employee benefits. The astounding rise of this phenomenon from before World War II, however, has been largely overlooked. In this powerful history of the American reliance on employment-based benefits, Jennifer Klein examines the interwoven politics of social provision and labor relations from the 1910s to the 1960s. Through a narrative that connects the commercial life insurance industry, the politics of Social Security, organized labor’s quest for economic security, and the evolution of modern health insurance, she shows how the firm-centered welfare system emerged. Moreover, the imperatives of industrial relations, Klein argues, shaped public and private social security.
Background and purpose: Aging is said to be a special pattern of natural changes in life that occurs as people age With increasing age, the elderly suffer from several problems, including a decrease ...in hope, happiness, and self-esteem, which may affect self-care, especially nutrition. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nutrition and self-esteem and happiness of the elderly Materials and methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study of the correlation type, and following the ethical standards and obtaining informed consent from the company. The research began Research sampling in this study was by multi-stage method (proportional and simple random). First, among the 18 health centers of Amel city, 7 centers were randomly selected, then again, by simple random and lottery method from among the target population (elderly people), until reaching the desired volume of the study, in 1401 became Simple random sampling was done by preparing a list of people eligible for the study in the selected health care center, then we selected the required number of samples by lottery. The inclusion criteria included being over 60 years old, living in Amel City, the absence of problems such as acute mental disability, the absence of cognitive impairment (using AMT, Alzheimer's, and cancer), and the ability to communicate. Non-cooperation during the implementation of the study was considered as an exit criterion. The tools used included demographic questionnaires, cognitive status assessment, elderly depression, happiness, self-esteem, and instrumental activities. The data were analyzed with descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (focal correlation and parameter estimates) tests. Results: The results showed that the average age of the participants (60 to 81 years) was equal to 65.92±4.64 and the average body mass index of the participants was 23.75±2.54. 14% of the elderly were underweight and 33% were overweight. 12% were at risk of malnutrition. Most of the elderly had high happiness (99%) and high self-esteem (59%). The correlation coefficient of happiness and self-esteem is 0.378. As a result, in this study, nutrition had no significant relationship with the self-esteem and happiness of the elderly. Also, the results showed that the happiness and self-esteem of the elderly had a significant positive relationship with each other(P<0.001). According to the value of P>0.050, there is no relationship between the self-esteem of the elderly and the total score of the supplementary examination and nutrition. According to the value of P<0.050, it means that there is a relationship between the self-esteem of the elderly and happiness, but by observing the value of R square=0.045, this relationship is very insignificant. It can be said that only 4% of self-esteem changes are due to happiness There is no statistically significant relationship between the family self-esteem component and happiness(P>0.05). In other components of self-esteem, there is a statistically significant relationship with happiness(P<0.05). Also, there is no relationship between happiness with the total score of the supplementary examination and the total score of nutrition, P>0.050 Conclusion: This research was a descriptive-analytical correlation study. The results of this study showed that there is a relationship between happiness and self-esteem of the elderly. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and nutrition of the elderly. In general, according to the results of this research, it is suggested to pay attention to the role of general self-esteem, social self-esteem, and occupational self-esteem in the happiness of the elderly. Considering the expansion of the elderly population in Iran and the importance of paying attention to the physical and mental health of the elderly, the results of this research can be useful for planning to improve the capabilities of the elderly.
Age-related changes in the human brain functioning crucially affect the motor system, causing increased reaction time, low ability to control and execute movements, difficulties in learning new motor ...skills. The lifestyle and lowered daily activity of elderly adults, along with the deficit of motor and cognitive brain functions, might lead to the developed ambidexterity, i.e., the loss of dominant limb advances. Despite the broad knowledge about the changes in cortical activity directly related to the motor execution, less is known about age-related differences in the motor initiation phase. We hypothesize that the latter strongly influences the behavioral characteristics, such as reaction time, the accuracy of motor performance, etc. Here, we compare the neuronal processes underlying the motor initiation phase preceding fine motor task execution between elderly and young subjects. Based on the results of the whole-scalp sensor-level electroencephalography (EEG) analysis, we demonstrate that the age-related slowing down in the motor initiation before the dominant hand movements is accompanied by the increased theta activation within sensorimotor area and reconfiguration of the theta-band functional connectivity in elderly adults.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Investigates the characteristics and stability of loneliness across years in NZ by identifying distinct ‘profiles’ of loneliness and investigating transitions between those loneliness profiles over ...two years. Replicates and extends research on loneliness profiles, then tests replication of the four-profile typology of loneliness and the patterns of transition into and from distinct loneliness profiles over the two-year span from 2014 to 2016. Examines potential risk factors for loneliness in exploratory analyses, testing whether older age and poorer health co-varied with transitioning into higher-loneliness profiles Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Objectives. Of all periods of a person's life, old age is the last. The aging process is accompanied by structural and functional changes. The mentioned changes occur gradually, but steadily. The aim ...of the study: The information included in the article must be accepted as an attempt to develop certain complex visions that could help those responsible for the care of the elderly to better fit into the policies of society, communities and families. Material and methods. The principles of organizing investigations, processing and interpreting data accumulated in this field are similar to those in other branches of medicine. Results and discussion. The specified period is complex, sooner or later causing the degradation of individual, physical and mental changes. This period includes both personal and social components. It is accompanied by psychological changes and requires some training, material and moral support from the family and society. The peculiarities of changes in the elderly body, healthy aging, as a premise of an active and long life, the role of the family in the elderly, the lifestyle of the elderly, as well as the quality of life of the elderly are discussed in this article. The information included in the article must be accepted as an attempt to develop certain complex visions, which could help those responsible for caring for the elderly to better fit into the policies of society, communities and families, in order to ensure a better, healthier, more productive and longer life. Conclusion. The scientific community has accumulated sufficient evidence and arguments on the factors that have a direct and intermediate impact on the wellbeing. There is a need to systematize and intensify the activities of local and community authorities in order to reduce the detrimental impact of aging on the wellbeing of older people.
In the scientific literature on aging, a recent core issue has been the role of individuals' internal and external resources, which are considered intrinsically connected, in contributing ...synergistically to physical and psychological quality of life (QoL). The current study investigates the way in which psychological factors-such as, loneliness, resilience, and mental states, in terms of depression and anxiety symptoms-affect the perceived QoL among elderly individuals.
Data from 290 elderly Italian participants were used to study the mediation effects of both mental health and resilience to elucidate the relationship between loneliness and psychophysical QoL.
The best model we obtained supports the mediation effect of both resilience and mental health between loneliness and mental and physical QoL. These results highlight that loneliness influences mental and physical QoL via two pathways, with the impact of loneliness mediated by mental health and resilience dimensions.
The findings suggest the importance of the support that elderly people receive from social relationships. In terms of clinical interventions, the reduction of loneliness could be an important factor in primary prevention or the recovery process. A way to reduce levels of mental distress could be represented by the increasing of resilience and self-efficacy and reduction of loneliness dissatisfaction. A high degree of resiliency contributes to increasing perceived life quality at the physical and psychological levels, and at the same time, reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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