We propose a modified design of a microstrip patch array antenna for RF energy optimization over 2.45 GHz WLAN communication applications. Initially, a one-patch and a two-patch array antennas were ...developed and considered as the base for the construction of a four-patch array antenna in the GSM 1800 frequency range. The energy usage by the WLAN application model includes a radiofrequency WLAN supply, a wireless connection, the proposed array antenna, impedance network matching, a voltage rectifier and a storage circuit that achieves higher efficiency. The proposed antenna design is utilized to examine the distance effect on the received RF power and it achieves the maximum efficiency of 47 % at 2.45 GHz at a 1-meter distance from the source. Improved gain is acquired at the expense of a greater array-antenna size with a -26 dB return loss, proving that it is much more efficient than other structures. Moreover, when experimentally analysed with HFSS, it delivers sufficient energy over WLAN applications.
Prispevek, ki je nastal na podlagi etnografske raziskave, osvetli dinamiko razmerij v slovenskem ornitološkem in naravovarstvenem društvu DOPPS, v katerem se prepletajo prostovoljske in profesionalne ...dejavnosti. Na primeru društva prikaže konfliktna razmerja med skupinami, hkrati pa opiše recipročnost in sodelovanje ter poenotenje kulturnih predpostavk, ki so pomembne za doseganje skupnih ciljev. Avtor ugotavlja, da nestabilna in nasprotujoča si razmerja v društvu utemeljujejo nenavaden preplet med hierarhično organizacijo in egalitarno skupnostjo, ki jo britanski socialni antropolog Martin Parker imenuje »skupnizacija«. Takšna družbena oblika je sicer strukturirana in organizirana, a hkrati utemeljena na rudimentarni pripadnosti in solidarnosti njenih članov. Meja med delom in prostim časom je v njej v dobršni meri zabrisana, hierarhična razmerja niso jasna in poudarjena, njeni člani imajo enak delež pri produkciji in dejavnostih, vanjo rekrutirajo predvsem enako misleče posameznike, odločanje v njej pa poteka počasi in z demokratičnimi procesi. Številne od teh lastnosti najdemo v DOPPS, ki deluje kot preplet organizacije in omrežja oziroma skupnosti. Organizacija torej soobstaja in se simbiotično dopolnjuje z omrežjem ali skupnostjo kot entiteta, ki je ne moremo upodobiti s preprostim dvodimenzionalnim modelom (organigramom). V njej se namreč prepletata dva modela sodelovanja, in sicer hierarhična organizacija s »piramidalno« strukturo ter horizontalna skupnost oziroma omrežje prostovoljcev, v katerem se razmerja nenehno na novo definirajo.
Smart grid standards Sato, Takuro; Kammen, Daniel M; Duan, Bin ...
2015., 2015, 2015-02-02
eBook
A fully comprehensive introduction to smart grid standards and their applications for developers, consumers and service providers The critical role of standards for smart grid has already been ...realized by world-wide governments and industrial organizations. There are hundreds of standards for Smart Grid which have been developed in parallel by different organizations. It is therefore necessary to arrange those standards in such a way that it is easier for readers to easily understand and select a particular standard according to their requirements without going into the depth of each standard, which often spans from hundreds to thousands of pages. The book will allow people in the smart grid areas and in the related industries to easily understand the fundamental standards of smart grid, and quickly find the building-block standards they need from hundreds of standards for implementing a smart grid system. The authors highlight the most advanced works and efforts now under way to realize an integrated and interoperable smart grid, such as the “NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Release 2.0”, the” IEC Smart Grid Standardization Roadmap”, the ISO/IEC’s “Smart Grid Standards for Residential Customers”, the ZigBee/HomePlug’s “Smart Energy Profile Specification 2.0”, IEEE’s P2030 “Draft Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS), and End-Use Applications and Loads”, and the latest joint research project results between the world’s two largest economies, US and China. The book enables readers to fully understand the latest achievements and ongoing technical works of smart grid standards, and assist industry utilities, vendors, academia, regulators, and other smart grid stakeholders in future decision making. The book begins with an overview of the smart grid, and introduces the opportunities in both developed and developing countries. It then examines the standards for power grid domain of the smart grid, including standards for blackout prevention and energy management, smart transmission, advanced distribution management and automation, smart substation automation, and condition monitoring. Communication and security standards as a whole are the backbone of smart grid and their standards, including those for wired and wireless communications, are then assessed. Finally the authors consider the standards and on-going work and efforts for interoperability and integration between different standards and networks, including the latest joint research effort between the world’s two largest economies, US and China.
Speaking directly to librarians, this book shows how libraries can partner with Wikipedia to improve content quality while simultaneously ensuring that library services and collections are more ...visible on the open web.
Prispevek je namenjen analizi prometno-geografskega položaja Ljubljane v kontekstu V. in X. evropskega prometnega koridorja. Prikazani so temeljni elementi integralnega prometnega sistema, ki se ...nanašajo predvsem na prostorski potek in strukturo prometnega omrežja ter prometne tokove in njihove vplive na spreminjanje vloge prometno-geografskih dejavnikov pri gospodarski, prostorski in funkcijski povezanosti Ljubljane in Ljubljanske urbane regije v širši medregionalni, regionalni in prostorski razvoj Slovenije.
Prispevek opisuje izdelavo zasnove kolesarskega omrežja v mestu Velenje. Namen je bil izdelati predlog varnega, sklenjenega in učinkovitega omrežja z dobro dostopnostjo do vseh dejavnosti. Omogočilo ...naj bi vsakodnevno kolesarjenje, prevoz na delo, v šolo, na območja rekreacije. Analiza zdajšnjih povezav je pokazala številne pomanjkljivosti. Omrežje je nesklenjeno in zato nevarno ter omogoča slabo dostopnost do dejavnosti. Ob rezultatih analize in ob upoštevanju izbranih kazalcev smo podali predlog dopolnitev.
V prispevku je obravnavana problematika vloge majhnih in srednje velikih mest v policentričnem omrežju naselij v Sloveniji. Na vlogo posameznih naselij v omrežju naselij vpliva več dejavnikov, ne le ...število prebivalcev v naselju ali regiji. V prispevku je zatoposeben poudarek na izboru kazalnikov, s katerimi bi lahko opredelili razliko med velikimi, srednje velikimi in majhnimi mesti, posebej v Sloveniji in v primerjavi z drugimi evropskimi državami. Predstavljen je raziskovalni pristop k tematiki in oblikovanjuanalitičnega modela, pri čemer so primerjalno uporabljeni izsledki predhodnih raziskav. Predstavljeni so pomembnejši rezultati ankete o vlogi obravnavanih naselij v omrežju. Raziskava je bila izvedena v dveh delih. V prvem delu smo izvedli kvantitativno analizo na nacionalni ravni, na podlagi opredeljenih kazalnikov, v drugem pa smo izdelali kvalitativno analizo anketnih vprašalnikov. S pomočjo trinajstih opredeljenih kazalnikov smo za Slovenijo najprej določili razmejitev med naselji, ki jih prištevamo med mesta, in ostalimi naselji. S pomočjo istih kazalnikov smo nadalje določili razmejitev med velikimi, srednje velikimi in majhnimi mesti. Na osnovi izdelane analize je podana ocena vloge posameznih majhnih in srednje velikih mest po regijah. Kvalitativni pristop omogoča tudi odgovore glede dejanskega in potencialnega povezovanja mestnih naselij v somestja, deloma že opredeljena v državnih dokumentih.
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The problems of transition to the new national coordinate system are discussed. The stress is laid upon the transformation of various spatial databases of the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the ...Republic of Slovenia. The ways of transformation between the old and new national coordinate systems and problems with the inhomogeneous accuracy of the old system are presented. The main goal of the paper is the presentation of transformation models with metre and decimetre levels of accuracy – the so called simple and complex models. These are the proposed transformation models that originate from the empirical knowledge on the Slovene national coordinate system. Analyses of consequences of various transformations for spatial data (e. g. areal distortions) have been carried out. The proposal of implementation of transition to the new coordinate system for spatial databases is presented. The course of events isdetermined for each of the spatial database. They are distinguished between two models according to the way of maintenance and the required accuracy of transformation. Some specific demands on theparticular databases were also discussed. Finally, the transformation of orthophoto – the first database that has already been transformed into the new coordinate system – is presented.
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