This study was initiated in order to study cultural practices and assess levels of contamination in pesticide residues of onion samples produced in the region of Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso. A ...collection of samples was carried out at three gardening sites. A survey was also carried out to list the various pesticides used on market gardening sites and the practices for using pesticides. The QuEChERS method allowed the quantification of pesticides. The results show that 93% of the market gardeners were men, and more than 67% were between 25 and 35 years old. Nearly 55% of market gardeners are illiterate and do not have adequate means of protection when applying pesticides. A total of 16 pesticides have been accounted and most of them are Category II which are dangerous for human health and environment. 12 pesticide residues were quantified. Most of the active substances detected above the MRL (set by Codex Alimentarius and EU) were from the organochlorine family. These results reveal a fairly high level of contamination for pesticide residues. The study revealed that cultivation practices in market gardening sites as well as the consumption of onion pose numerous health risks for humans and the environment.
The impact of the carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) wave in agro-application has been growing in recent years. The carbon nanomaterials family includes graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon ...nanofiber (CNF), carbon nanohorns (CNH), carbon nanodots (CND), carbon nano-onions (CNO), fullerene, and nano-diamond. The former seven belong to the sp2 carbon and the later belong to sp3 carbon. Based on the selection of the forms of allotropes, morphology, size, and the potential combination to form hybrids; the CNMs have shown different performance in the agro activities. Hence, in this review, all these studies along with our contributions are detailed briefly with the information about material synthesis, characterization, and application efficiency; the application includes the role in pesticide, fertilizer, and preservative sector. The review is finally concluded with the highlights about advantages, gaps/risks identified for the industry application, quality assurance status, and future perspectives.
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A novel nitrogen doped porous onion carbon (NDPOC) material was prepared by using HMImN(CN)2 as carbon and nitrogen source. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy ...(SEM) revealed that the NDPOC had a uniform porous structure and was wrapped by onion structured carbon. When used as the anode material for lithium ion batteries, this material not only prevented the collapse and breakage of the pores, but also facilitated the lithium ion migration and electron transfer. The NDPOC anode showed excellent discharge specific capacity (805 mAh g−1 of 0.1C after 50 cycles), rate performance, and cycle stability (306 and 267 mAh g−1 at 5 and 10C after 300 and 500 cycles, respectively).
Synthesizing lightweight, thin–profile, and high–performance microwave absorbers has emerged as an urgent research topic. A promising strategy for carbon–based materials to achieve these attributes ...is to rationally construct heterostructures. Herein, 0.89–1.54 at.% nitrogen(N)–doped carbon onion nanotube chains (NCONCs) were produced by blending CONCs harvested from candle combustion with HH4Cl and subjecting them to heating at 300–400 °C for 3 h. The hinge–like NCONCs revealed numerous electron transport paths, facilitating the formation of multi–tiered conduction networks. The N–doping introduced C–N groups and interfaces into the CONCs, which yielded extensive dipole and interfacial polarization. Simultaneously, the 1.14 at.% N–doping endowed NCONC–400 with suitable conductivity, thereby ensuring excellent impedance matching. The resulting synergistic effect of impedance matching and electromagnetic wave attenuation was clearly observed. Specifically, NCONC–400 exhibited exceptional performance with a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 4.71 GHz and a peak reflection loss of –35.47 dB at 1.4 mm. The radar cross–section reduction demonstrated by NCONC–400 composites reached 21.43 dB cm2. These impressive results prove the distinctive advantages of CONCs in tailoring performance and optimizing impedance matching, which are appealing for lightweight and efficient microwave absorbers.
In spite of its considerable value as a predictor of in vivo genotoxicity and even for carcinogenicity, false positive cases were reported for the Ames test, e.g., with a number of natural food ...constituents. Here we analyzed the effects of juice of Allium cepa, the common onion, a staple food and traditional remedy used in many civilizations, in the Ames fluctuation assay. We could find mild mutagenicity with an onion juice extract in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, the latter being less sensitive towards the extract. Mutagenicity was not influenced markedly by the presence of rat liver S9 mix. Onion juice also exerted some toxicity to the bacteria in the same concentration range. Comparative studies with quercetin and rutin, major flavonoid glycosides in onions, revealed a mutagenic potency of quercetin with an EC50-value of 4 μM in TA98. The contents of quercetin and rutin in onion juice were determined as 0.71 ± 0.20, and 0.71 ± 0.21 mg/kg. Calculations of quercetin and rutin concentrations in mutagenic dilutions revealed that both compounds are highly unlikely to cause the mutagenic effects of onion juice and that other yet undefined constituents must be responsible for these effects.
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•We analyzed the effects of juice of from White Onion in the Ames fluctuation assay.•We found mild mutagenicity with an onion juice extract in Salmonella typhimurium.•We analyzed the levels of quercetin and rutin in the extract.•Neither rutin nor quercetin alone are likely to cause the mutagenicity.•We conclude that other onion constituents may be responsible for the effect.
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•FOE inhibited pancreatic lipase 89.5 ± 1.25 % potentially than ROE (33.4 ± 0.86 %).•Compared to ROE, the examined FOE exhibited superior antioxidant properties.•UHPLC Q-TOF MS/MS ...detected major bioactive compounds foranti-obesity effectively.•FOE and quercetin enhanced the C. elegans lifespan and reduced lipids.
The bioconversion of onion extracts with P. acidilactici MNL5 enhances the metabolites and has a synergistic lipid-reduction impact that is beneficial for anti-obesity studies. The 48 h fermented onion extracts (FOE) demonstrated an enhanced inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase (89.5 ± 1.25 %) as compared to the raw onion extract (ROE) (33.4 ± 0.86 %). The antioxidant properties of FOE significantly increased compared to the ROE inhibitory effect on DPPH (99.5 ± 2.40 mg vitamin C equiv./mg, DW FOE), and ABTS (104.5 ± 2.32 mg vitamin C equiv./mg, DW FOE). Based on FOE's higher antioxidant activity, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS demonstrated dramatic changes in the untargeted metabolite profile as compared to ROE. Moreover, C. elegans supplemented with FOE and quercetin exhibited an enhanced lifespan activity, lipid reduction, and decreased triglycerides. FOE can lower cholesterol and enhance quercetin to promote pancreatic lipase activity for synergistic anti-obesity effects.
We present a deeper analysis of Ariadne, a privacy-preserving network layer communication protocol that we introduced in Fressancourt and Iannone (2023). Ariadne uses a source routing approach to ...avoid relying on trusted third parties. In Ariadne, a source node willing to send anonymized network traffic to a destination uses a path consisting in nodes with which it has pre-shared symmetric keys. Temporary keys derived from those pre-shared keys are used to protect the communication’s privacy using onion routing techniques, ensuring session unlinkability for packets following the same path. Ariadne enhances previous approaches to preserve communication privacy by introducing two novelties. First, the source route is encoded in a fixed size, sequentially encrypted vector of routing information elements, in which the elements’ positions in the vector are pseudo-randomly permuted. Second, the temporary keys used to process the packets on the path are referenced using mutually known encrypted patterns. This avoids the use of an explicit key reference that could be used to de-anonymize the communications. This article enriches our previous presentation of Ariadne Fressancourt and Iannone (2023) with a set of formal proofs of its security properties. Besides, a performance evaluation of Ariadne’s Rust implementation is presented to assess the ability of our protocol to protect privacy at the network layer in real-world use cases.
A survey on the incidence of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) was carried out over three production cycles of onion ‘Rossa di Tropea’ in Calabria, Italy. OYDV was ...found to be the prevalent virus. ‘Rossa di Tropea’ seedbeds adjacent to OYDV-infected green onion field had seedlings with 1.76% infection rate determining 36.2% and 98.67% infected plants in the bulbs and in the subsequent seed harvesting times, respectively. When seedbeds were at least one km away from other onion crops seedlings and bulb cultivation had the infection rate close to zero. OYDV was detected in whole plants except the roots and outer desiccated bulb skins. Seed transmission was not detected in ‘Rossa di Tropea’. Early OYDV infection significantly reduced the number and weight of seeds/inflorescence compared to late season infection, while the weight of 100 seeds was not different in the two early and late OYDV infected plants. IYSV was never found in seedbeds. It was always detected first in seed crops (April) than in bulb crops (June), and the final infection rate was higher in seed (2.67%–3.33%) than in bulb crops (0%–0.87%), suggesting there was an internal source of viral inoculum in the field. IYSV was detected in 3/123 apex bulbs randomly collected from stored bulbs and in 12/12 apex fresh bulbs collected at harvest time from infected plants, suggesting the role of bulbs as IYSV inoculum source. On the contrary, randomly collected bulbs (
N
= 109) from warehouse and bulbs of infected plants (
N
= 22), transplanted after storage, did not result in IYSV-infected plants.
Nanoscale nickel is prepared from ethanol extracts of Allium cepa and characterized. Zerovalent face centred cubic (fcc) nickel nanoparticles oriented mainly at Ni (111) plane formed rapidly within ...30–45 min. The nanoparticles are stabilized by negative surface potential, non-agglomerated, monodispersed, round-shaped and distributed between sizes of 39.5–53.1 nm. The nanoparticles are used to simultaneously regulate the rates of hydrogen gas production and X80 steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution for the first time. The nanoparticles efficiently inhibit hydrogen gas evolution and X80 steel corrosion rates especially at increased concentration. Inhibition efficiency increases as temperature increases from 303 to 323 K, remains fairly constant from 323 to 343 K and decreases drastically from 343 to 363 K. By means of O–H, N–H and C=C sites, the nanoparticles are spontaneously physically adsorbed on X80 steel surface and act as mixed type corrosion inhibitor with dominant influence on cathodic reaction involving hydrogen gas evolution. In the presence of the nanoparticles, surface roughness (measured by AFM) reduces by 76.0% and heights of peaks from the mean plane reduces by 58.2%. Comparatively, even 100 ppm of the nanoparticles showed higher inhibition efficiency at all temperatures than 1000 ppm concentration of the crude extract.
•Nickel nanoparticles (Et-OME-NiNPs) synthesized from onion mesocarp ethanol extract (Et-OME).•Et-OME-NiNPs are monodisperse, non-agglomerated with sizes between 39.5 and 53.1 nm.•Et-OME-NiNPs regulate hydrogen gas production rate and pipeline steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution at 303–363 K.•Higher efficiency of corrosion inhibition obtained with Et-OME-NiNPs than the crude extract.
In the onion fields of Hokkaido, a major northernmost island of Japan, outbreaks of stone leek leafminer (Liriomyza chinensis) infestation have been occurring since 2013. In fields where heavy leaf ...damage occurred, a proportion of the harvested bulbs showed damage from larval mines, in addition to evidence of larval remains. The capture rate of adults in yellow sticky traps indicated that leafminers produce three generations annually. The peaks include the hibernating generation (late May to early June), first generation (mid-July to late July), and second generation (mid-August to late August). The position of the damaged scales and the timing of leaf emergence indicated that bulb damage from oviposition occurred after mid-June.However, the most effective time to implement control measures against larval invasion was in early August,when two applications of effective insecticide reduced onion damage by 1/10.
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