Katse kirjeldada artefaktinimesid Laansalu, Tiina; Päll, Peeter; Tender, Tõnu
Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri,
06/2020, Letnik:
11, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Artefaktinimed on traditsiooniliselt liigitatud kultuurnimede alaliigiks, mis hõlmab inimese loodud rajatiste nimesid. Inimtekkeliste objektide hulk on tänapäeval aga üha suurem ja erinäolisem, eriti ...linlikus keskkonnas, mistõttu vajab traditsioonilise kohanimede klassifikatsiooni artefaktinimede rühma kirjeldus täpsustamist ja täiendamist. Artikkel vaatleb artefaktinimesid kolmes kasutussfääris: maapiirkonnas, linnapiirkonnas ja slängis. Ruraalsete artefaktinimede puhul on analüüsitud Harjumaa Jüri ja Kose kihelkonna kohanimistuid, urbonüümide alusandmed pärinevad KNABist ning keskenduvad suures osas Tallinna nimedele. Slänginimede puhul on esitatud valdavalt Tallinna ja Tartu näited, mis pärinevad eri aegadel valminud teadustöödest, artiklitest ning internetist.
Abstract. Tiina Laansalu, Peeter Päll, and Tõnu Tender: An attempt to describe artefact names. Artefact names have been traditionally classified as a subtype of cultural names designating names of man-made facilities. The number of human-constructed objects is growing rapidly and they are very diverse, especially in the urban environment, therefore the classical description of artefact names needs updating and elaborating. The article looks into artefact names in three domains: the rural environment, the urban environment and slang expressions. Examples of rural artefact names have been taken from the Jüri and Kose parishes in Harjumaa, urban names are based on the data from Tallinn of the Place Names Database (KNAB) of the Institute of the Estonian Language, slang names are taken from various sources covering mainly Tallinn and Tartu.
U radu se na temelju, prije svega, neobjavljenih izvora nastoji prikazati rekonstrukcija naselja erdutskoga vlastelinstva i njihovih kućedomaćina krajem 15. stoljeća. Nakon uvodnoga dijela dan je ...osvrt na izvore korištene u radu te literaturu usko vezanu uz temu. Središnji dio rada započinje pregledom srednjovjekovne povijesti erdutskoga posjeda s pripadajućim naseljima te promjena uzrokovanih osmanskim osvajanjima. Nadalje, na temelju izvora iz 1480. godine te u korelaciji s drugim srednjovjekovnim i ranonovovjekovnim izvorima, kao i sekundarnom literaturom, prikazana je analiza geografskoga smještaja naselja, na koju se nadovezuje klasifikacija ojkonima. Raspravom o stanovništvu posjeda obuhvaćen je i dio izvora koji sadržava broj kućedomaćina u svakom naselju na posjedu. Navedeno se proteže na antroponimijsku analizu te analizu muških osobnih imena u izvoru. Konačno, dan je kritički osvrt na rezultate istraživanja.
Based primarily on unpublished sources, this paper reconstructs the settlements associated with the Erdut manor and their tenants in the late 15th century. The introductory part is followed by a review of the sources used and the scholarly literature related to the topic. The central section of the paper begins with an overview of the medieval history of the Erdut estate, including its associated settlements, and the changes brought by the Ottoman conquests. Utilizing the census of 1480 in correlation with other medieval and early modern sources, as well as secondary literature, the author analyses the geographical location of the settlements and classifies the oeconyms. The discussion on the estate’s populace is based on the part of the census that records the number of tenants in each settlement, followed by a study on anthroponyms and an analysis of male personal names in the source. Finally, the paper provides a critical review of the research results.
Lan honen helburua Juan Arin Dorronsororen Enirio-Aralarko krokisean (1940) dagoen geografia eta onomastika arloko informazioa argitara ematea da. Zenbait kasutan, ataundarrak egindako lanaren balioa ...azpimarratzeko eta toponimia corpusa arautze aldera, datuak beste iturri batzuetako erreferentziekinosatu ditugu.
Hona dakargun saioaren helburua saroi entitate geografikoaren banaketaz, esanahiaz nahiz etorkiaz baliagarri gerta daitezkeen argibideak ematea da, euskal toponimian kausitzen diren elementuen izaera ...finkatzen laguntzea alegia, bide batez, euskararen arlo fonikoaren, morfologiaren edota lexikoaren historia ikertzeko erabilgarriak izan daitezkeen datuak bilduz eta sailkatuz. Saroiak itxuratzen dituzten ezaugarriak, edota haien bilakaera, onomastikaren eskutik zenbateraino ezagut daitezkeen ere ikusi nahi dugu, saroien jatorriak argitzeke baitirau.
Lan honen helburua Juan Arin Dorronsororen «Material toponímico» argitaragabeare 25. paper-zorroan dagoen edukiaren berri ematea da, 1940. urtean hark egindako krokisean Enirio-Aralarko toponimiaz ...biltzen den informazioa osatzeko.
Soome ja Eesti eesnimekasutuses on olulisi sarnasusi. Nagu mujalgi Euroopas kaasnes 19. sajandil mõlemal maal rahvusliku eneseteadvuse kasvuga soov luua omakeelne eesnimevara. Soomet võib pidada ...Eesti otseseks eeskujuks, kuivõrd sealt on laenatud ka rida nimesid. Paralleelsusi on näha omakeelsete nimede kasutusele tulekus: uute nimede moodustamises, levitusviisides ja omaksvõtus. Ka ajaliselt kujunes Soome eelkäijaks ning Eestis toimusid samalaadsed uuendused paarkümmend aastat hiljem. Artiklis vaadeldakse omakeelseid nimesid kitsamas tähenduses, st oma keelele toetuvate nimedena esitletud nimesid.
Abstract. Minna Saarelma-Paukkala and Annika Hussar: Names of native origin in Estonia and Finland from the 19th century to today. A significant change occurred in Finland and Estonia in the second half of the 19th century: given names of native origin were taken into use in addition to international names. Similar changes occurred in many other European countries in connection with the rise in national consciousness. Similar techniques were used in the creation of new names: heathen names in old documents; names from the folklore and mythology; artificially created names; names were translated. There are names which can be interpreted as versions of international names as well as names of native origin. In Estonia, it was recommended to borrow names from closely related languages and Finnish names were primarily borrowed. The Finns have borrowed some Estonian names. The spread of new names was facilitated by their introduction in calendars, their occurrence in the epos and fiction. As of the end of the 19th century, Finland has been ahead of Estonia in terms of time. Already in the last decades of the 19th century, approximately one tenth of children were given names of native origin in Finland. The peak years arrived in the 1930s–1940s when about one third of children were given characteristically Finnish names, girls more often than boys. In Estonia, the peak of female names of native origin occurred at the same time, approximately half of the girls were given names of native origin. Today, naming has become more and more individual, and names of native origin provide plenty of opportunities. In Finland, precisely the names of native origin constitute the source of uniqueness at the moment. In Estonia, the share of persons with unique names has been higher for a longer period of time, but on the account of many versions and spellings. Innovation in names in the 19th–20th centuries has had continuous impact on the use of names by Estonians and Finns. Both languages are full of examples of how certain agreeable structures, sound combinations or name elements will be repeated and reiterated in new names of individual creation.
Alkitab memuat ribuan nama diri di dalamnya. Setiap nama yang dipresentasikan di dalam Alkitab hampir selalu melekat dengan pesan dan makna yang ada di baliknya. Kajian onomastika biblikal adalah ...penelitian linguistik dengan obyek nama-nama di dalam Alkitab. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan linguistik historis komparatif terhadap nama-nama di dalam teks Perjanjian Baru. Kajian di dalam artikel ini menemukan berbagai pendekatan yang dilakukan penulis asli Perjanjian Baru dalam meredaksi nama-nama pribadi yang di dalamnya, yaitu : transliterasi, translasi, absorpsi – helenisasi, pemberian julukan atau kognomen, ekuivalensi dan penggunaan nama panggilan atau hipokoristik. Temuan di dalam artikel ini berguna sebagai referensi di dalam berbagai diskursus yang berkaitan dengan nama diri di dalam Alkitab khususnya bagi kelompok Sacred Name Movement dan berbagai variannya.
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITHUANIAN NAMES WITH žyg- AND žy-m- STEMSSummaryThe mixing of the Lithuanian compound name Žyg(i)mantas with a Christian name Zigmantas changed first stem of the compound name ...from žyg- into zyg- and zig-. It is thought, that the Lithuanian name changed, because its structure is similar to the said Christian name. The variated letters and <ž> at the beginning of the word, and also the varying and were factors, that influenced the mixing of different personal names, which was especially prevalent in central and northern Lithuania. In the western part of Lithuania, the personal name Žyg(i)mantas was further shortened to Žýmantas because of intensive processes of word contractions. The stimulus for this shortening could be other personal names which have the stem žy- (cf. Žý-gaila, Žý-gaudas, Žý-gintas). In the eastern part of Lithuania, the compound personal names with the stem žyg- may have already disappeared, but their remains are most probably shown by the one-stemmed names with žyg-. The nicknames that appeared from compound personal names with the stem žyg- experienced less changes than their basic words, which is why with this one-stem names, it seems, one can support that the personal name Zìgmantas became similar to compound names with a Lithuanian origin. Also the one-stem names with žyg- confirm the development of personal name Žy-mantas from the personal name Žyg(i)mantas.
V letech 1963‒1980 proběhl soupis pomístních jmen (anoikonym, mikrotoponym) na území Čech. Mezi doklady je i 341 anoikonym s výrazem Cikán/cikán a jeho odvozeninami (výraz Cikán/cikán užíváme v ...historickém kontextu jako etnonymum nebo jako apelativum ve významu „kočovník"). Tato pomístní jména jsou různého stáří a nacházíme je na celém území Čech. Nejčastěji se jednalo o označení míst určených k táboření Cikánů/cikánů či připomínající nějakou událost spojenou s Cikány/cikány. Pomístní jména vztahující se k osobnímu jménu Cikán pak bývala většinou motivována majetkovým vztahem.
LITHUANIAN NICKNAMES REFERRED TO A PERSON’S KINSHIPSummaryIn this paper a synchronical approach of the modern Lithuanian nicknames referred to a person’s kinship or dependence on the particular ...family is given. There exist about 18.4% of such nicknames.Most of them (93%) are patronymic names. They have a status of nicknames since they are unofficial names and point to a man’s kinship, whereas the other nicknames point to other features. Moreover, they entirely displace a person’s real name and become the only name by which he is known. The patronymic names as nicknames dominate in Dzūkija (Southern Lithuania) and Aukštaitija (Eastern Lithuania). From the structural point of view they are of four different kinds: (a) derivatives (68.8%), e. g. Adomiõkas (: Adomas), Kãsčius (:Kastas, Konstantinas); (b) primary words, i. e. unchanged fathers’ names (24.1%); (c) composites (6.8%): Jõno Pẽtras (Peter of John); (d) compound words (0.6%): Jùrgpetris (Georgepeter, i. e. Peter of George).More frequently the derivatives are produced by suffixation. The suffixes -(‘)ukas and -(‘)okas are used very often. The suffix-(‘)ukas is widespread throughout Lithuania, the -(‘)okas dominates in Aukštaitija. Other suffixes (-ėnas, -elis / -ėlis, -ynas, -utis,-(’) ulis, -iškis, -aitis) are met rather rarely. We have registered 87 suffixes of sons’ nicknames, only 11 suffixes of these, however, are used for the composing of nicknames which number more than 1%.A small part of the nicknames is related with marriage. If one is married into a farm to a daughter or a widow, he receives the nickname pointed to this status. 70% of such nicknames coincide with the wife’s or father-in-law’s name, i. e. with the name of the farm’s master. Wives always have names derived from their husbands’ names, also in the case of a husband married into a farm.
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