This book opens a new avenue to an engendering field of applied physics, located at the "crossing" of modern photonics, electromagnetics, acoustics and material science. It also highlights the ...concept of "non-locality", which proves to be not a special feature of quantum phenomena, but is shown to have an important counterpart in classical physics and its engineering applications too. Furthermore, it visualizes the physical results by means of simple analytical presentations, reduced sometimes to the elementary functions.Contents:IntroductionNon-local Dispersion of Heterogeneous DielectricsGradient Photonic Barriers: Generalizations of the Fundamental ModelResonant Tunneling of Light Through Gradient Dielectric NanobarriersInteraction of Electromagnetic Waves with Continuously Structured DielectricsPolarization Phenomena in Gradient NanophotonicsGradient Optics of Guided and Surface Electromagnetic WavesNon-local Acoustic Dispersion of Gradient Solid LayersShear Acoustic Waves in Gradient Elastic SolidsShear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Waves on Graded Index MediaReadership: For researchers, engineers and designers of communication systems, lecturers and graduate students.
This book serves as a guide for researchers and graduate students seeking a comprehensive treatment of the design of instruments and beam-guiding systems of charged particles and their propagation in ...electromagnetic fields.
The Springer Handbook of Lasers and Opticsprovides fast, up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the wide fields of optics and lasers. It is written for daily use in the office or ...laboratory and offers explanatory text, data, and references needed for anyone working with lasers and optical instruments.Each chapter or section is authored by respected experts and contains the basic principles, applications and latest information in the field. Among the subjects covered are geometrical and wave optics, linear and nonlinear optics, optical materials and components, detectors, incoherent and all essential types of coherent light sources, generation of ultrashort pulses, spectroscopic techniques, laser safety as well as current trends in such modern areas as quantum optics, femto- and attosecond physics, and nanooptics as well as optics beyond the diffraction limit. The 21 chapters are grouped into four parts which cover basic principles and materials, fabrication and properties of optical components, coherent and incoherent light sources, and, finally, selected applications and special fields such as terahertz photonics, X-ray optics and holography. The handbook is written and compiled for physicists,engineers and other scientists at universities and in industrial research who develop and use optical techniques.With a Foreword by Nobel Laureate T.W. Hänsch
Optical Devices in Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical technology is a fast growing field. Optical Devices in Ophthalmology and Optometry gives a comprehensive review of modern optical technologies ...in ophthalmology and optometry alongside their clinical deployment. It bridges the technology and clinical domains and will be suitable in both technical and clinical environments. The book introduces and develops basic physical methods (in optics, photonics, and metrology) and their applications in the design of optical systems for use in ophthalmic medical technology. Medical applications described in detail demonstrate the advantage of utilizing optical-photonic methods. Exercises and solutions for each chapter help understand and apply basic principles and methods. From the contents: * Structure and Function of the Human Eye * Optics of the Human Eye * Visual Disorders and Major Eye Diseases * Introduction to Ophthalmic Diagnosis and Imaging * Determination of the Refractive Status of the Eye * Optical Visualization, Imaging, and Structural Analysis * Optical Coherence Methods for Three-Dimensional Visualization and Structural Analysis * Functional Diagnostics * Laser???Tissue Interaction * Laser Systems for Treatment of Eye Diseases and Refractive Errors
Tiga puluh butir soal dan dua puluh butir soal instrumen tes diagnostik pilihan ganda tiga tingkat telah dikembangkan untuk mendeteksi kemampuan pengetahuan esensi inkuiri sains dan pengetahuan ...konten Optika Geometri mahasiswa calon guru Fisika. Metode campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan dalam mengembangkan tes diagnostik selama dua bulan proses perkuliahan Optika Geometri yang melibatkan 38 mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian adalah pengembangan dan penerapan tes diagnostik untuk mengukur pemahaman mahasiswa tentang esensi inkuiri sains dan materi Optika Geometri. Instrumen tes diagnostik terlebih dahulu didesain, kemudian disempurnakan selama proses, direvisi dan digunakan untuk mendeteksi dan menilai pemahaman mahasiswa terkait pengetahuan esensi inkuiri sains dan materi Optika Geometri. Setiap butir soal dirancang memiliki tiga tingkat, tingkat konten (content tier) mengukur kemampuan pengetahuan Optika Geometri atau kemampuan esensi inkuiri sains; tingkat alasan (reason tier) mengukur kemampuan penjelasan atau eksplanatori pengetahuan yang mendasari memilih salah satu jawaban; dan tingkat kepercayaan (confidence tier) untuk mengukur derajat keyakinan dalam menentukan jawaban dan alasan yang dipilih.Versi akhir dari instrumen tes memiliki reliabilitas Cronbach alpha untuk tes inkuiri sains 0,87 dan untuk tes materi Optika Geometri 0,83. Bukti validitas diperoleh dari pertimbangan tiga dosen pakar dan analisis teknik korelasional antar skor validator untuk memperlihatkan konsistensinya.
Straipsnyje apžvelgiamos R. Descartes‘o spręstos matematinės ir gamtamokslinės problemos, aptariami jo gauti rezultatai ir jų poveikis mokslų raidai. Jis pasižymėjo matematikoje, daugelyje fizikos ...sričių, meteorologijoje, fiziologijoje. R. Descartes sugalvojo algebrinę lygtį atvaizduoti stačiakampėje koordinačių sistemoje. Į geometriją įsiveržus algebrai, jos problemos pradėtos spręsti analitiškai. Tai lėmė tolesnę matematinės analizės raidą. Optikoje R. Descartes‘ui pavyko išaiškinti vaivorykštės prigimtį ir įrodyti, kad optikos prietaisams tinkamiausi ne sferiniai, bet hiperboliniai lęšiai. Siekdamas universaliais principais paaiškinti gamtos reiškinius, R. Descartes įvedė į mokslinę vartoseną gamtos dėsnio sampratą. Jis buvo racionalistinio – deduktyvaus arba aksiominio – fizikos teorijų konstravimo pradininkas. Tokiu metodu gautus dėsnius R. Descartes reikalavo patikrinti eksperimentu.
This book presents a substantial description of the principles and applications of digital holography. The first part of the book deals with mathematical basics and the linear filtering theory ...necessary to approach the topic. The next part describes the fundamentals of diffraction theory and exhaustively details the numerical computation of diffracted fields using FFT algorithms. A thorough presentation of the principles of holography and digital holography, including digital color holography, is proposed in the third part. A special section is devoted to the algorithms and methods for the numerical reconstruction of holograms. There is also a chapter devoted to digital holographic interferometry with applications in holographic microscopy, quantitative phase contrast imaging, multidimensional deformation investigations, surface shape measurements, fluid mechanics, refractive index investigations, synthetic aperture imaging and information encrypting. Keys so as to understand the differences between digital holography and speckle interferometry and examples of software for hologram reconstructions are also treated in brief.Contents1. Mathematical Prerequisites. 2. The Scalar Theory of Diffraction. 3. Calculating Diffraction by Fast Fourier Transform. 4. Fundamentals of Holography. 5. Digital Off-Axis Fresnel Holography. 6. Reconstructing Wavefronts Propagated through an Optical System. 7. Digital Holographic Interferometry and Its Applications. Appendix. Examples of Digital Hologram Reconstruction Programs
This book introduces the fundamental mechanism of photonic glasses — the linear and nonlinear optical effects in glass under intense light irradiation: phot-induced absorption, refraction, ...polarization, frequency, coherence and monochromaticity changes. Emphasis is placed on new developments in the structure, spectroscopy and physics of new glassy materials for photonics applications, such as optical communication, optical data storage, new lasers and new photonic components and devices. The book presents the research results of the authors in new glasses for photonics over the last decade.
Written by renowned experts in the field of photon management in solar cells, this one-stop reference gives an introduction to the physics of light management in solar cells, and discusses the ...different concepts and methods of applying photon management. The authors cover the physics, principles, concepts, technologies, and methods used, explaining how to increase the efficiency of solar cells by splitting or modifying the solar spectrum before they absorb the sunlight. In so doing, they present novel concepts and materials allowing for the cheaper, more flexible manufacture of solar cells and systems. For educational purposes, the authors have split the reasons for photon management into spatial and spectral light management. Bridging the gap between the photonics and the photovoltaics communities, this is an invaluable reference for materials scientists, physicists in industry, experimental physicists, lecturers in physics, Ph.D. students in physics and material sciences, engineers in power technology, applied and surface physicists.
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