Teamwork requires quality two-way communication in a team, both formal and informal, which can only be achieved by increased engagement of senders and recipients of information in the communication ...process. Quality communication removes, or minimizes, psychological, semantic, physical and technical obstacles to the communication process. Successful functioning of a team requires constant exchange of information between team members, creating a favorable organizational climate (team atmosphere), motivating team members, encouraging team members to creative work and initiative and subtly guiding team members towards the goal.
Why our workplaces are authoritarian private governments—and why we can't see it
One in four American workers says their workplace is a dictatorship. Yet that number probably would be even higher if ...we recognized most employers for what they are—private governments with sweeping authoritarian power over our lives, on duty and off. We normally think of government as something only the state does, yet many of us are governed far more—and far more obtrusively—by the private government of the workplace. In this provocative and compelling book, Elizabeth Anderson argues that the failure to see this stems from long-standing confusions. These confusions explain why, despite all evidence to the contrary, we still talk as if free markets make workers free—and why so many employers advocate less government even while they act as dictators in their businesses.
In many workplaces, employers minutely regulate workers' speech, clothing, and manners, leaving them with little privacy and few other rights. And employers often extend their authority to workers' off-duty lives. Workers can be fired for their political speech, recreational activities, diet, and almost anything else employers care to govern. Yet we continue to talk as if early advocates of market society—from John Locke and Adam Smith to Thomas Paine and Abraham Lincoln—were right when they argued that it would free workers from oppressive authorities. That dream was shattered by the Industrial Revolution, but the myth endures.
Private Government offers a better way to talk about the workplace, opening up space for discovering how workers can enjoy real freedom.
Based on the prestigious Tanner Lectures delivered at Princeton University's Center for Human Values, Private Government is edited and introduced by Stephen Macedo and includes commentary by cultural critic David Bromwich, economist Tyler Cowen, historian Ann Hughes, and philosopher Niko Kolodny.
The possibility of rail grinding process informational support in a transit based on the new approach application and the rail repair profile geometry forming method is considered. The method for ...designing repair profiles consists of the rail profile geometric parameters calculating at the technological process design stage, taking into account the specific operating conditions of the track and the actual wear of the rail head. Using this method allows minimal removal of metal from the rail head, taking into account the requirements for contact conditions in the wheel-rail system. The mathematical model has been developed for calculating the geometric parameters of a transverse repair profile. In total, the method for calculating the geometric parameters of the rail profile and the method for calculating the inclination angle of grinding trolleys along the rails surface made it possible to increase the level of informational support in a transit, reduce the efficiency and quality impact on a large number of subjective factors, increase the productivity in a transit. Based on them, a software product was created for the automated calculation of asymmetric rail profiles parameters during grinding. The program can be used on rail grinding trains of the RShP-48 and RR-48 type at the stage of preparation for work and the design of the technological process for rail grinding in the conditions of railway track curved sections.
This overview paper first aims to outline and consolidate all the biographical facts available today in libraries and archives, and then list the teaching, scientific and professional contributions ...made by Professor Vukan Dešić during his fruitful life, such as: 1) his contribution to the development of higher education through performing the functions of a Vice-rector, Dean and Rector at the University of Belgrade and the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; 2) his contribution to the development of railways as the general manager of the Yugoslav State Railways and assistant to the Minister of Railways, i.e. Transport; 3) the fact that, as early as in 1949, he developed the course in Scientific Organization of Work and founded the Department for scientific organization of work at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Belgrade exactly 70 years ago; 4)the fact that he is responsible for the establishment of the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, an initiator of the founding of the Faculty of Organizational Sciences and the Technical College of Mechanical Engineering; 5) his contribution to the development of scientific space as a head and/or founder of a large number of institutes and scientific associations (e.g. Centre for Multidisciplinary Studies, Yugoslav Society of Mechanics); 6)his numerous scientific and professional contributions of tremendous importance, with special emphasis on the fact that he is the founder of the contingent theory of organization, the creator of an innovative Complex Analytical Method, which seriously raised the level of organization of the Yugoslav companies at the time, the forerunner of the invention of Ishikawa, a serious critic of Taylor's contributions, who refuted the premises that Henry Town laid the foundations of management and organization.
Safety risks at work during a pandemic and war require new standards for the organization of work. Increasing socio-psychological pressure requires a better definition of staff duties, communication ...rules, and work and rest regimes. The purpose of the study is to determine the most acceptable regulations for the organization of labor that help to maintain the efficiency of a company’s activities in an unstable environment. In the course of the research, a content analysis of regulatory documents was carried out and a survey among HR managers, heads of Ukrainian companies, and their employees was conducted. All data were collected in two waves. The first wave was in November-December 2021 with 301 participants. Due to the beginning of the war, the second wave of the study was conducted in April-May 2022, when the wartime conditions have already made their impact, with 271 participants — managers, HR managers, and staff of Ukrainian enterprises. The results confirmed that working conditions and global risks that determine the types of the organization of work under uncertainty require a flexible approach. Mixed and flexible standards of the organization of work provide for optimal work modes and safer working practices, so they have been approved to be more effective. It has been determined that the disregard of global challenges, trends, and the social nature of labor by the company management reduces the effectiveness of labor organization regulations.
A organização do trabalho está diretamente relacionada com a forma como os trabalhadores percecionam os múltiplos aspetos (positivos e/ou negativos) relacionados com a sua atividade laboral. A ...abordagem da psicodinâmica do trabalho trata precisamente das consequências do trabalho na saúde mental dos trabalhadores, nomeadamente no prazer que suscita ou no sofrimento que produz. É por esse motivo que nos parece pertinente debater a organização do trabalho a partir da perspetiva da psicodinâmica do trabalho, a qual tem oferecido inúmeros conhecimentos sobre esta complexa realidade.
La organización del trabajo está directamente relacionada con el modo como los trabajadores perciben los múltiples aspectos (positivos y/o negativos) relacionados con su actividad laboral. El enfoque de la psicodinámica del trabajo aborda precisamente las consecuencias del trabajo en la salud mental de los trabajadores, especialmente en el placer que suscita o en el sufrimiento que produce. Es por ese motivo que nos parece pertinente debatir la organización del trabajo a partir de la perspectiva de la psicodinámica del trabajo, la cual ha ofrecido innumerables conocimientos sobre esta compleja realidad.
L’organisation du travail est en lien direct avec la façon dont les travailleurs perçoivent les aspects multiples (positifs et/ou négatifs) de leur activité de travail. L’approche de la psychodynamique du travail traite, précisément, des conséquences du travail sur la santé mentale des travailleurs, notamment le plaisir et la souffrance qu’il peut générer. Pour cette raison, il nous paraît pertinent de discuter l’organisation du travail à partir de l’approche de la psychodynamique du travail et de ses nombreuses contributions à la connaissance et à la compréhension de cette réalité complexe.
The organization of work is closely related to how employees perceive the multiple aspects (either positive or negative) of their work activity. The approach of psychodynamics of work deals precisely with the effects of work on the workers’ mental health, in particular with the pleasure or pain it produces. That is why we consider it appropriate to discuss the organization of work from the perspective of the psychodynamics of work, which gives significant knowledge contributions for this complex reality.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study adds to the existing literature on atypical newswork and foundation funding in journalism by exploring considerations and organizational choices foundations make when interacting with ...journalists in a Western-European context. The study relies on 18 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with representatives of Dutch-based foundations that support journalistic production processes on local, and/or national and international level. Using a combination of the strengths of Howard Becker's notion of art "worlds" and Pierre Bourdieu's field theory as theoretical scope, the interview data suggests that in their everyday practices, foundations perceive and navigate three key tensions: (1) between the allocation of grants to journalists and the precarity of (atypical) working conditions many journalists face, (2) between ideological notions of what good journalism "should be about" and the everyday realities of journalism production, and (3) between the powerful position of foundations within the world of journalism and the autonomy of journalists. The organizational choices made by foundations when confronted with these tensions highlight how and to what extent journalistic production processes are both enabled and constrained.
Research summary: Prior work has shown that the strength of the intellectual property regime (IPR) in a host country influences offshore R&D to that country. Building on this work we propose that the ...strength of the IPR in a host country differentially influences the threat of knowledge leakage on projects that are produced for the location where the multinational firm is headquartered (home) versus the offshore location to which the R&D project is sent (host). We argue and show that when the host location has a weak IPR, fewer host inventors are involved in host R&D projects when compared to home R&D projects. We test our hypotheses using a dataset of patents held by US assignees, but coinvented in 43 host locations with differing IPR strength. Managerial summary: Multinational enterprises often cite the weak IPRs at emerging economy host destinations as a significant impediment to offshore R&D activities in those countries, despite the abundant supply of inexpensive scientific talent there. We find that the weak IPR at the host destination is a greater impediment to offshore R&D that is aimed for end use at the host market than for R&D that is aimed for end use globally or in the home market. Since IPRs are local, a weaker IPR at the host location does not protect IP that is relevant to the host market. Since the IPR at the home country is more relevant for technologies aimed at the home market, the IPR at the host country is irrelevant for such R&D projects.
En déstructurant la coopération, l’organisation gestionnaire du travail a produit une transformation des formes de souffrance au travail. L’évolution de ces formes de souffrance s’est accompagnée ...d’une transformation des stratégies défensives. Dans cet article, nous analyserons deux formes spécifiques de défenses : la stratégie individuelle de défense par la défection et les idéologies défensives. Nous mettrons en lien ces modalités de défense contre la souffrance au travail et l’évolution des comportements politiques de nos concitoyens, en montrant que la dégradation du rapport au travail joue un rôle de premier plan dans la montée des comportements et des politiques autoritaires.
To meet the requirements of California's Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, there is a critical need for crop production strategies with less reliance on irrigation from surface and groundwater ...sources. One strategy for improving agricultural water use efficiency is reducing tillage and maintaining residues on the soil surface. We evaluated high residue no-till versus standard tillage in the San Joaquin Valley with and without cover crops on the yields of two crops, garbanzo and sorghum, for 4 years. The no-till treatment had no primary or secondary tillage. Sorghum yields were similar in no-till and standard tillage systems while no-till garbanzo yields matched or exceeded those of standard tillage, depending on the year. Cover crops had no effect on crop yields. Soil cover was highest under the no-till with cover crop system, averaging 97% versus 5% for the standard tillage without cover crop system. Our results suggest that garbanzos and sorghum can be grown under no-till practices in the San Joaquin Valley without loss of yield.
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