The paper aims to describe the progress that has been made in the implementation of the Albanian food and nutrition policy since 2003, so as to consider its impacts to date, and to identify strategic ...priorities/critical areas and priorities for Albania's future policy on improving the national food and nutrition situation.
In 2011-2012, an expert group applied an intersectoral participatory approach to evaluate the implementation of Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2003-08 in Albania. The experts employed the quantitative method, using a 9 question logical assessment matrix to measure the achievements of the individual goals of the Plan, and a qualitative tool for the interview of an interdisciplinary sample of 68-key informants-persons operating in public health nutrition, food safety and food availability related subfields, from a wide range of pertinent institutions and stakeholders.
The quantitative and qualitative assessment revealed that the implementation process has faced serious barriers linked to the design of the plan, which did not accurately anticipate a theoretical framework, or structured methods for its implementation. Other impeding factors included the lack of institutional/infrastructure support, lack of intersectoral coordination and motivation, as well as insufficient capacities and know-how. Intersectoral response to the multifaceted nature of double burden of malnutrition is of key importance to improve nutritional wellbeing and health outcomes in Albania.
Participatory approaches that involve all relevant sectors and actors in the development, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of public health policies based on comprehensive action-oriented assessments are promising and should be further supported.
Izhodišča. V klinični praksi za ovrednotenje prehranskih dnevnikov običajno uporabljamo računalniško podporo, bodisi v obliki računalniškega programa ali spletne aplikacije. Namen članka je ...predstaviti rezultate primerjave nemškega računalniškega programa in slovenske spletne aplikacije za ovrednotenje prehranskega vnosa na osnovi metode štiridnevnega papirnega tehtanega prehranskega dnevnika (papirni PD), ki so ga vodile nosečnice.
Background. Dietary assessment in clinical practice is performed by means of computer support, either in the form of a web-based tool or software. The aim of the paper is to present the results of ...the comparison of a Slovenian web-based tool with German software for the evaluation of four-day weighted paper-andpencil- based dietary records (paper-DRs) in pregnant women.
Methods. A volunteer group of pregnant women (n=63) completed paper-DRs. These records were entered by an experienced research dietitian into a web-based application (Open Platform for Clinical Nutrition, OPEN, http://opkp.si/en, Ljubljana, Slovenia) and software application (Prodi 5.7 Expert plus, Nutri- Science, Stuttgart, Germany, 2011). The results for calculated energy intake, as well as 45 macro- and micronutrient intakes, were statistically compared by using the non-parametric Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The cut-off for Spearman’s rho was set at >0.600.
Results. 12 nutritional parameters (energy, carbohydrates, fat, protein, water, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, dietary fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and stearic acid) were in high correlation (>0.800), 18 in moderate (0.600-0.799), 11 in weak correlation (0.400-0.599), while 5 (arachidonic acid, niacin, alphalinolenic acid, fluoride, total sugars) did not show any statistical correlation.
Conclusion. Comparison of the results of the evaluation of dietary records using a web-based dietary assessment tool with those using software shows that there is a high correlation for energy and macronutrient content.
Izhodišča. V klinični praksi za ovrednotenje prehranskih dnevnikov običajno uporabljamo računalniško podporo, bodisi v obliki računalniškega programa ali spletne aplikacije. Namen članka je predstaviti rezultate primerjave nemškega računalniškega programa in slovenske spletne aplikacije za ovrednotenje prehranskega vnosa na osnovi metode štiridnevnega papirnega tehtanega prehranskega dnevnika (papirni PD), ki so ga vodile nosečnice.
Metode. Skupina nosečnic prostovoljk (n=63) je vodila papirni PD. Izkušeni klinični dietetik je vnesel dnevnike v spletno aplikacijo (Odprta platforma za klinično prehrano, OPKP, http://opkp.si, Ljubljana, Slovenija) in računalniški program (Prodi 5.7 Exper Plus, Nutri-Science, Stuttgart, Germany, 2011). Rezultate za izračunani energijski vnos ter vnos 45 makro- in mikrohranil s pomočjo aplikacije in programa smo statistično primerjali z neparametričnim Spearmanovim koeficientom (>0,600).
Rezultati. Visoko korelacijo (>0,800) med metodama smo ugotovili za 12 hranil (energija, ogljikovi hidrati, skupne maščobe, beljakovine, voda, kalij, kalcij, fosfor, skupna prehranska vlaknina, vitamin C, folna kislina in stearinska kislina), zmerno (0,600-0,799) za 18 hranil, šibko (0,400-0,599) za 11 hranil, medtem ko za 5 hranil ni bilo korelacije (arahidonska kislina, niacin, alfa-linolenska kislina, fluor, skupni sladkorji).
Zaključki. Rezultati ovrednotenja prehranskih dnevnikov s spletno aplikacijo in računalniškim programom so v visoki korelaciji za energijsko vrednost in vsebnost makrohranil.
Ugotavljanje vsebnosti anorganskega oz. mineralnega dušika (Nmin), ki ga ekstrahiramo iz zemlje z 0,01 M razt. CaCl2, omogoča izboljšanje napovedovanja gnojenja z dušikom. V ta namen smo razvili ...analitske metode določevanja amonijevih, nitratnih in nitritnih ionov v zemlji. Metode smo verificirali; določili smo točnost, natančnost, mejo zaznavnosti (LOD) in mejo kvantitativne določitve (LOQ). Točnost meritev smo dokazali z uspešnim sodelovanjem laboratorija v mednarodni medlaboratorijski primerjalni shemi WEPAL (Wageningen Evaluating Programme for Analytical Laboratories, Nizozemska). Natančnost meritev (ponovljivost in obnovljivost) smo izrazili z relativnim standardnim odmikom (RSD), ki je bil v vseh primerih pod 2%. Vrednosti LOD in LOQ za nitratni dušik sta bili 0,05 mg/kg oz. 0,18 mg/kg in za amonijski dušik 0,09 mg/kg oz. 0,31 mg/kg.
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