Aims
To assess palatal volume, surface area and linear dimensions across sagittal and vertical components of malocclusion.
Methods
Pre‐treatment cephalographs and dental casts of 178 non‐growing ...patients (88 males, 90 females, age 25.81 ± 8.23 years) were used for classification in sagittal malocclusion groups: Class I (n = 48), Class II division 1 (n = 42), Class II division 2 (n = 40) and Class III (n = 48); and in vertical divergence groups based on the MP/SN angle: hypodivergent (n = 35), normodivergent (n = 95) and hyperdivergent (n = 48). Dental casts were scanned and palatal measurements recorded: palatal width, depth and interdental distances; palatal surface area (PSA, mm2) and volume (PV, mm3). A 3‐way ANOVA was used to compare palatal dimensions across groups. Pearson product‐moment correlations were employed to assess associations among variables.
Results
PSA and PV (in both sex groups) were not statistically significantly different across sagittal malocclusions and vertical patterns. Significant differences were depicted more among the vertical divergence groups than sagittal groups. Correlations between PSA and PV and palatal dimensions were low to moderate. Predictability of PSA and PV ranged between 15 and 18%.
Conclusion
The finding of similar palatal volume and surface area, on average, across malocclusions possibly underscores the limitations of environmental influences within the inherited orofacial phenotype. The vertical facial pattern seems to be more interactive with palatal dimensions than sagittal relations. Studies of palatal changes following orthodontic and orthognathic treatments are warranted.
Canines are the second most common tooth in terms of impaction. Impacted teeth can be associated with some different indices of dental arch and dentoalveolar structures. The aim of this study was to ...evaluate maxillary arch width as well as volume and depth of palate in patients with maxillary impacted canine by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
In this cross-sectional study, 45 CBCT images of patients with unilateral maxillary impacted canines were examined. All patients had palatally impacted canines. Three parameters of maxillary arch width, palatal volume and palatal depth were assessed using axial and sagittal incisions on the CBCT images. Then all the measurements on the impacted side were compared with the non-impacted side. Data were entered into SPSS software and paired sample t-test and Student's t-test were used to comparison. The significance level of 0.05 was considered.
The maxillary arch width on the impacted side was significantly less than the normal side (P < 0.001). The mean depth of the palate was 14.86 ± 3.53 mm. There was a significant correlation between canine impaction and Palatal volume (R = 0.728 and P-value< 0.001), but no significant correlation between canine impaction and Maxillary arch width was shown (R = 0.15 and p-value = 0.326).
The impacted canine was significantly associated with a reduction in the width of the maxillary arch on the affected side, and it made no difference if the impacted side was left or right. Also, impacted canine teeth were significantly associated with volume reduction on the affected side.
Impacted canine; Cone-beam computed tomography; Palatal volume; Maxillary arch width; Palatal depth.
To evaluate the relationship between palatal morphology and pharyngeal airway morphology in patients who have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and compare with a nonsnoring and nonapneic control group.
...Three-dimensional maxillary dental cast measurements from 25 OSA patients (6 women, 19 men) with a mean age of 41.5 (4.8) years, and 25 control group participants (14 women, 11 men) without any symptom of OSA with a mean age of 38.3 (3.7) were correlated with an analysis of pharyngeal area evaluated with lateral cephalograms. Intermolar and intercanine widths and palatal volumes were calculated on the dental casts, and the upper airway area measurements were performed on lateral cephalograms.
OSA patients had smaller oropharyngeal volume and upper airway when compared with controls (P < .001). Palatal area measurements were significantly smaller in OSA (P < .001). OSA patients had significantly narrower maxilla with smaller intermolar and intercanine widths (P < .001). A positive correlation was found between the palatal morphology and pharyngeal dimensions.
A significant correlation exists between palatal morphology and pharyngeal airway.
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