China has increasingly addressed air pollution problems in its major cities, but they are severe and difficult to solve. The high level of international participation in the 2014 Asia-Pacific ...Economic Cooperation meeting in Beijing led to a desire for good air quality. Improved air quality required stringent emission controls in the first half of November. The resultant blue skies at this time attracted widespread comment and was thought to be responsible for the growing use of the term APEC Blue. The China Daily claimed APEC Blue was the top Beijing environmental key word for 2014, an expression it saw coined to describe these clear skies. However, APEC Blue may have other meanings, and convey more a sense of something wonderful, yet fleeting; the phrase often describes the temporary nature of improvements and was used more frequently during the low pollution days of APEC. There are also comments that the controls impose a heavy burden on citizens and even hint at a sense of deception. We explore the use of the term APEC Blue on social media and in publications and argue that it reflects a growing concern about regulation of air pollution in Beijing, particularly suggesting that the pubic doubts the appropriateness of short-term solutions to China's air pollution problems. Social media reveal a growing environmental sophistication in the Chinese public and the need for regulatory authorities to respond to that voice.
•Significant improvement in PM2.5, visibility and blue skies during APEC meetings.•Significantly fewer observations of fog and haze during APEC meetings.•Phrase APEC Blue adopted in the first days of the emission restrictions.•APEC Blue associated with concerns over ineffectiveness of short-term controls.•Distrust of short term controls suggests it is important to account for citizen views.
Objetivo: O artigo investiga as mobilizações em prol da patrimonialização de bens relacionados à comunidade LGBT no Brasil e o modo como o campo da Informação dialoga com essa temática. Compreende ...que, apesar de nas últimas décadas ter ocorrido uma flexibilização conceitual, quando se trata da seleção, registro e difusão do patrimônio relacionado às práticas e produções culturais da comunidade LGBT, evidenciam-se lacunas, ausências e silenciamentos. Utiliza como estudo de caso as tentativas de reconhecimento da Parada do Orgulho LGBT de São Paulo como patrimônio. Método: Pesquisa de caráter descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, sendo analisados dois tipos de fontes: (1) a literatura científica sobre a temática; (2) documentos relativos ao Projeto de Lei n.º 399/2017 da Câmara Municipal de São Paulo e ao Projeto de Lei n.º 176/2015 da Assembleia Legislativa de São Paulo. Resultado: Explicita as transformações no campo nacional do Patrimônio, o lugar dos patrimônios LGBT nas produções do campo da Ciência da Informação e da Museologia no Brasil e as mobilizações em torno da tentativa de reconhecimento da Parada do Orgulho LGBT de São Paulo como Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial do Município e do Estado.Conclusões: O artigo destaca a importância de realizar estudos voltados para a comunidade LGBT no campo da Informação, da Museologia e do Patrimônio, observando as reverberações da patrimonialização enquanto um processo informacional.
To evaluate the influence of the implementation of emission reduction measures on air quality during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade, the characteristics of organic aerosols in particulate matter ...with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were analyzed from 11 August to 10 September 2015 in Beijing, China. The average concentration of PM2.5 decreased by 64% during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade compared with that before the event. Local emissions were the main PM2.5 sources during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade; cooking and traffic emission were two significant contributors. During the 2015 China Victory Day Parade, the average concentrations of levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid decreased by 31% and 12%, respectively, indicating the significant effects of regional air pollution controls on air quality. 17α(H), 21β(H)-30-Norhopane and 17α(H), 21β(H)-hopane concentrations decreased continuously throughout the entire study period, suggesting the significant effect of the “odd-even” traffic restrictions implemented. Similarly, o-phthalic acid, succinic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid (DPA) concentrations also significantly decreased during the Parade, with reductions of 63, 50, and 61%, respectively, compared with before the event. Photochemical oxidation played an important role in the formation of o-phthalic acid, while the formation of DPA was influenced by both photochemical oxidation and liquid-phase chemical reactions. The lung cancer risk, caused by inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, to the exposed populations decreased by 40% during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade, the enhanced control measures implemented during Parade Blue would also have positive influence on the human health.
•Cooking and traffic emission are the mainly sources of PM2.5 during Parade Blue.•Concentrations of organic aerosols significantly decrease during Parade Blue.•The enhanced control measures would have positive influence on the human health.
The study of the Test Identification Parade (TIP) within Indian evidence law must be contextualised considering the intensification of atrocities and brutalities against oppressed caste communities ...in India. Despite the existence of a separate law – Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 – to adjudicate caste-based atrocities, its implementation has been met with severe obstacles. Studying how evidentiary practices encounter the Act reveals how the law of evidence, too, participates in the playing out of a caste crime. It is in this regard that the discussion surrounding the Test Identification Parade must be infused with a political character, surfacing the power relations and structural aspects surrounding testimony and memory within crimes. Through the TIP, evidence law constitutes the nodal site upon which the dominant caste police and judiciary collude to deprive marginalised castes of just outcomes. This piece examines the jurisprudence of the TIP in caste atrocities judgments, in order to investigate the various ways in which the law plays out a caste atrocity.
The development of Russian imperial culture in the first half of the 19th century focused on its external, formal side. The space for its main embodiment has chosen the parade-ballet concept, which ...was distracted and detached from concrete realities. Updating of combat training was only of secondary importance, the result of which was a stagnation of Russian military art, very visible in the middle of the 19th century. The material for analysing the problem was primary sources: memoirs, letters, diaries, military administrative documents and hippological literature.
This article aims to analyze the politics of historical memory, the function and meaning behind the procession of the Parade on the Russian National Victory Day (Dend Pobeda) every May 9
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. The day ...has become a ritual for the Russian nation since the Soviet Union era; it has become a collective memory for the Russians who had defeated the Fascist German military at the end of World War II. Russia's government during Vladimir Putin presidential tenure has tried to reproduce and reconstruct memories by holding grandeur events of the Parade in the Red Square. This article then proposes some questions: why does Putin feel that he bears the authority to reconstruct it? What are the meanings behind the Parade for the Russians and Putin's government? It used Putin's official speeches between 2000-2018 as the primary sources to explore and reveal what made Putin's regime to put the Victory Day parade as the instrument to reconstruct and reproduce the post-Soviet Russian national identity. By using historical approach within the collective memory conceptual framework, it found that the May 9
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Parade ritual comprises various symbolic meanings, including the meaning of giving, blessing, success, history, and togetherness. As a ritual that is practiced annually in a national-wide ceremony, the May 9
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Parade has subtly functioned as a pseudo religion to Putin's regime.
En el presente trabajo se procede al estudio, desde su vertiente artística, de la cabalgata de Reyes Magos de Granada, entre 1912, cuando salió por primera vez, hasta 1936. La idea surgió del Centro ...Artístico, Literario y Científico, entidad cultural granadina con gran relevancia en el ámbito local durante este periodo, cuyo objetivo principal era llevar juguetes a los niños pobres y enfermos de la ciudad. Siendo este su fundamento, no se descuidaba ningún detalle del desfile: la iluminación y música que acompañaban al cortejo, el vestuario de la comitiva, elementos de atrezo destacando palanquines o carrozas, la presencia de animales como caballos o acémilas y otros más exóticos como camellos. Con ello, se conformaba una obra de arte total, provocando un gran impacto visual en los siempre numerosos asistentes.
During the “Parade Blue” period in 2015, Beijing and its surrounding areas implemented mandatory temporary source control strategies, which provided experimental conditions for studying the effects ...of source emission control measures on the sources of atmospheric PM2.5. Analyzing the source contribution rate of the main particulate matters via the source analysis method of the receptor model is an important method for studying the atmospheric pollution. Previous studies on the “Parade Blue” period only discussed the change in PM2.5 concentration during the source control period and the source non-control period, but did not select appropriate emission sources and acceptor components to analyze the contribution ratio of each emission source to fine particulate matter pollution. In this paper, based on the receptor component spectrum and emission source component spectrum, the chemical mass balance receptor model was used for source analysis. The results showed that outdoor PM2.5 concentration was 26.31 μg/m3 in the source control period, which was less than the 40.08 μg/m3 in the source non-control period. In the source control period, motor vehicle emissions, industrial combustion and urban fugitive dust contributed significantly to the fine particulate pollution, accounting for 76–81%, 8–9% and 11–16%, respectively. In the source non-control period, the contributions of motor vehicle emissions and industrial combustion accounted for 57–59% and 41–43%, respectively, significantly higher than that of urban fugitive dust, which accounted for less than 2%. The correlation between the contribution rate of emission sources and the source control strategy was studied and analyzed during the “Parade Blue” period, and the effectiveness of the source control strategy was proved.
In the article, the authors turn to Soviet history, exploring the phenomenon of the May Day parade for enculturation and socialization of the participants of the event. The methodological basis of ...the study is formed by the works of G. Le Bon, D.V. Pivovarov, and S.S. Horujy. They raise the problem of collective experience, the mechanisms for the formation of a value attitude to culture, and the synergy of the festive communicative space. The material for the research is a series of photographs of the May Day parades. The analysis of the photographs allows us to single out an important aspect of enculturation — the physical and bodily inclusion of a person in the communicative space of the holiday. The novelty of the article is related to the focus on research methods due to which the process of enculturation is analysed from the point of view of a person’s bodily involvement in festive communication. It is the May Day parade as the most massive festive event that makes it possible to demonstrate the functionality of bodily practices that contribute to the enculturation of a person into a cultural community.
A total of 106 24-h PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected in an urban area (Shijiazhuang, SJZ) and a suburban area (Liulihe, LLH, Fangshan County, Beijing) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in ...2 periods: the first is from 10 July to 10 August, which is before Sept. Third Parade (Period I); the second is from 20 Aug. to 6 Sept. 2015, which is during Sept. Third Parade (Period II). Polar organic tracers, including isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene and toluene oxidation products, as well as sugars and carboxylic acids were measured. In Period II, rigorous emission-reduction measures were taken in the BTH region. With the anthropogenic emission being cut down significantly, the average concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene and toluene oxidation products and all carboxylic acids (except tetradecanoic, palmitic, and stearic acids), were lower in Period II than those in Period I in LLH, indicating that the SOA tracers were decreased with precursor emission volumes and yields in the atmosphere. Moreover, sugar compounds were shown with comparable levels during the two periods in LLH, suggesting that no measures were taken to reduce the intensities of the biogenic sources. On the contrary, tetradecanoic, palmitic, and stearic acids were shown with obviously higher concentrations in Period II than those in Period I, demonstrating that cooking fumes increased during Sept. Third Parade period.
The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model combining with tracer-based method was applied to explore the sources of secondary organic carbon (SOC). It reveals that the sources of SOC include isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene and toluene oxidation products, fossil fuel combustion, cooking fumes and regionally transferred aged aerosols. These sources accounted for 11.3%, 9.0%, 15.5%, 10.9%, 29.2%, 2.9%, 21.1% of SOC for SJZ, and 12.7%, 11.2%, 9.7%, 14.4%, 25.3%, 0%, 26.7% of SOC for LLH, during the whole sampling periods respectively.
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•PM2.5 aerosols were collected in two areas in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.•A number of polar organic compounds were measured.•The sources of SOC in PM2.5 are apportioned.•SOA tracers can be effectively controlled under emission-reduction measures, together with primary emissions.•Effective measures should be taken to regulate food service industries in Beijing.
Capsule of main findings: SOA tracers can be effectively controlled under emission-reduction measures, together with the cut down of the emission of primary pollutants. Effective measures should be taken in Beijing to regulate food service industries, especially in the period with important national celebrations.
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