The present meta-analysis integrates research from 1,435 studies on associations of parenting dimensions and styles with externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents. Parental warmth, ...behavioral control, autonomy granting, and an authoritative parenting style showed very small to small negative concurrent and longitudinal associations with externalizing problems. In contrast, harsh control, psychological control, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting were associated with higher levels of externalizing problems. The strongest associations were observed for harsh control and psychological control. Parental warmth, behavioral control, harsh control, psychological control, autonomy granting, authoritative, and permissive parenting predicted change in externalizing problems over time, with associations of externalizing problems with warmth, behavioral control, harsh control, psychological control, and authoritative parenting being bidirectional. Moderating effects of sampling, child's age, form of externalizing problems, rater of parenting and externalizing problems, quality of measures, and publication status were identified. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Objectives: The development of effective connections between nurses and parents depends heavily on nurses’ empathy. Parenting strategies and attitudes have an impact on the emotional connection ...between parents and children in a variety of scenarios. Accordingly, this descriptive correlation study evaluates the level of empathy and investigates the relationship between parenting styles and the empathy of nurses. Methods: A purposive (non-probability) sample of 180 nurses was recruited in the current study and selected from four teaching hospitals in Kerbala City, Iraq, according to specific criteria. A pilot study was used to assess the questionnaire’s reliability, and a panel of (17) experts was used to determine the questionnaire’s content validity. The data were collected through interviews using two scales, namely the parental authority questionnaire, and the Jefferson scale of empathy physician/health professions. The data were investigated and interpreted using the SPSS software, version 22. Numbers and percentages were used to illustrate the quantitative qualities. The Spearmen coefficient was applied to evaluate the relationships between the study variables. The significance level was considered a P=0.05. Results: Nurses have a low level of empathy. There are significant correlations between the father’s and mother’s parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian dimensions) and empathy. In addition, there is a substantial association between nurses’ empathy and job desire. Discussion: Nurse empathy is vital for building strong connections with parents. Parenting styles affect the parent-child emotional bond in various situations. The study on parental rearing patterns and empathy among nurses at teaching hospitals revealed that nurses who have low empathy levels and parenting styles significantly relate to empathy. Nurses’ empathy also impacts their job satisfaction. The study recommends adopting the authoritative parenting style to enhance empathy. Awareness programs through various media should educate parents about positive and negative parenting styles and their effects on children’s futures. By promoting empathy and supportive parenting, parents can nurture empathetic and well-adjusted individuals. The parenting style of both fathers and mothers is associated with empathy among nurses, and job desire may be an important factor that is related to nurses’ empathy.
The prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents is globally on the rise. This study examined how general and cyber-specific parenting styles impact the prevalence of young adolescents' involvement ...in cyberbullying as victims and/or perpetrators.
One hundred and eighty 7th and 8th-grade Israeli students participated (Mean age = 13.25, SD = 0.81; 86 males, 89 females, 5 did not indicate gender). Adolescents reported the frequency of their involvement in cyberbullying, and whether their parents were using “autonomy-supportive” or “psychologically controlling” strategies generally and specifically when mediating internet use.
A controlling parenting-style as well as an inconsistent internet-mediation style were associated with a higher prevalence of adolescent involvement in cyberbullying as victims and as perpetrators. Prevalence was higher when parents who generally use a controlling style were less controlling or consistent when mediating internet use.
Despite the caveats related to parental control, parents who generally use a controlling style should consistently use this style while mediating cyber. Inconsistent parenting style conveys messages concerning internet activities that contradict what teens are accustomed to receiving in other contexts. This inconsistency may encourage them to exploit their relative freedom in the cyber context and act irresponsibly.
•A controlling parenting-style is associated with a higher prevalence of cyberbullying.•Inconsistent Internet-mediation style is associated with a higher prevalence of cyberbullying.•Cyberbullying increases when controlling parents use low controlling Internet mediation style.
Despite their nutritional value, children often reject vegetables. Parenting styles may influence children’s dietary behavior. This study aims to assess the influence of parenting styles on the ...rejection and frequency of consumption of commonly consumed vegetables in today’s Algerian society. The survey involved 70 children aged 5 - 10 years and their mothers. A questionnaire collected data on vegetable rejection with a list of 18 vegetables. Two other questionnaires were used, the first to estimate the frequency of vegetable consumption among the children and the second to study parenting style. The results indicate that children enjoy most vegetables (73.68 %). Carrot and tomato are the most popular vegetables, while the most rejected vegetables are cardoon and onion. The least consumed vegetables are the most rejected. Moreover, it can be noted that children of authoritative parents consume more vegetables than those of authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful parents. Depending on the parenting style, some often rejected vegetables are appreciated. It appears that the high demandingness and sensitivity of the authoritative parents favor vegetable consumption. The level of demand and sensitivity of each parenting style may modulate the appreciation of vegetables.
Objectives
Although studies support a direct association between parent and child emotion regulation, little work has considered potential mechanisms, such as family context. For example, parents who ...have difficulty regulating their emotions may be more likely to adopt an authoritarian parenting style, especially under high family chronic stress, and this parenting style may then influence children’s development of emotion regulation. The current study examined authoritarian parenting style as a potential mechanism of the intergenerational transmission of emotion regulation. We also examined how maternal emotion regulation and family chronic stress interact to influence parenting behaviors.
Methods
A total of 218 mother-adolescent dyads (
M
age = 15.5 years, 55% female) were recruited from the community and assessed using a mix of self-report measures of emotion dysregulation and parenting style, and interview-based measures of family chronic stress.
Results
Results showed maternal emotion dysregulation predicted authoritarian parenting style that, in turn, predicted adolescent emotion dysregulation, with a significant indirect effect. Family chronic stress strengthened the association between maternal emotion dysregulation and authoritarian parenting style, such that the indirect effect of maternal emotion regulation on adolescent emotion regulation via authoritarian parenting style was stronger at high levels of chronic stress.
Conclusions
Results suggest that authoritarian parenting style and family chronic stress serve as important factors in the intergenerational transmission of emotion regulation.
Hyperactivity is a mental health disorder that causes drastic fluctuation level of concentration and hyperactivity (Snyder, 2006). People with hyperactivity have difficulty concentrating, sitting ...position, in dedicating attention, stay organized, following instructions, memorizing the details and management of impulsiveness (Smith, 2016). Participants were from primary school students in Kosovo, N=200 Children age 9-11 and N=200 parents, they completed the following instruments, PSDQ questionnaire; (Robinson, Mandleco, Olsen, & Hart, 2001) this instruments was for measuring parenting styles, and Children behavioral checklist version for parents (Achenbach and Rescorla, 2007). The results shown that hyperactivity of children was positively correlated with authoritarian and tolerant parenting styles. In the survey results show that 74.0% of children participate in extra-curricular activities, and 26.0% did not participate in extra-curricular activities.Regression analysis explain 32% of variance for hyperactivity factor as a depended variable predicted by Gender and authoritarian parenting style. Also male has higher mean of hyperactivity than female and results was significantly different with p=.030* Conclusion is that parents who set strict rules authoritarian parents and tolerant parents can have a hyperactive children. Usually there is no need for special treatment for parents, already they have to be empathic with their children, collaboration with peers, relatives and parent-child cooperation which will give positive effect.
The study analysed the relationship between parenting styles and academic performance of senior high school students in the Kumasi Metropolis. Convenience and simple random sampling techniques were ...used to select the schools and 376 respondents, respectively. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Matrix and multiple ordinary least square were used to estimate the impact of parenting styles on academic performance. The study found that authoritative parenting style had greatest significant positive impact on academic performance of the students (
β
= 0.104, SE = 0.011,
t
= 9.539,
p
< 0.001), followed by authoritarian style (
β
= 0.044, SE = 0.011,
t
= 3.971,
p
< 0.001). However, permissive style had no significant impact on students’ academic performance (
β
= 0.042, SE = 0.025,
t
= − 1.682,
p
= 0.093). Neglecting style had significant negative impact on students’ academic performance (
β
= 0.072, SE = 0.011,
t
= − 6.740,
p
< 0.001). Following from the study findings, it is recommended that the Schools in collaboration with the Parent Teacher Association should organise guidance and counselling programs for parents to sensitise them on various parenting styles and their ramifications on academic performance of students. Also, Class Counsellors’ professional capabilities to manage the psycho-social problems of students are imperative for an improved academic performance of the latter.
Abstract While parents have a critical influence on reducing adolescent risk taking, adolescents' access to online spaces presents significant and novel challenges to parents' ability to reduce their ...youth's involvement in cyberbullying. The present study reviews the existing literature on parents' influence (i.e., parental warmth and parental monitoring) on adolescent cyberbullying, both as victims and perpetrators. 23 mostly cross sectional articles were identified for this review. Findings indicate that parental warmth is consistently associated with lower cyberbullying, both as victims and perpetrators. For parental monitoring, strategies that are focused on parental control, such as restricting the Internet, appear to be only weakly related to youth's involvement in cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. In contrast, strategies that are more collaborative with in nature (e.g., evaluative mediation and co-use) are more closely connected to cyberbullying victimization and perpetration, although evidence suggests that the effectiveness of these practices varies by sex and ethnicity. Results underscore the need for parents to provide emotional warmth that might support adolescent's disclosure of online activity. Implications for practice and future research are reviewed.
This article examined parenting styles and prosocial behaviors as longitudinal predictors of academic outcomes in U.S. Mexican youth. Adolescents (N = 462; Wave 1 Mage = 10.4 years; 48.1% girls), ...parents, and teachers completed parenting, prosocial behavior, and academic outcome measures at 5th, 10th, and 12th grades. Authoritative parents were more likely to have youth who exhibited high levels of prosocial behaviors than those who were moderately demanding and less involved. Fathers and mothers who were less involved and mothers who were moderately demanding were less likely than authoritative parents to have youth who exhibited high levels of prosocial behaviors. Prosocial behaviors were positively associated with academic outcomes. Discussion focuses on parenting, prosocial behaviors, and academic attitudes in understanding youth academic performance.
Although parenting styles constitute a well-known concept in parenting research, two issues have largely been overlooked in existing studies. In particular, the psychological control dimension has ...rarely been explicitly modelled and there is limited insight into joint parenting styles that simultaneously characterize maternal and paternal practices and their impact on child development. Using data from a sample of 600 Flemish families raising an 8-to-10 year old child, we identified naturally occurring joint parenting styles. A cluster analysis based on two parenting dimensions (parental support and behavioral control) revealed four congruent parenting styles: an authoritative, positive authoritative, authoritarian and uninvolved parenting style. A subsequent cluster analysis comprising three parenting dimensions (parental support, behavioral and psychological control) yielded similar cluster profiles for the congruent (positive) authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles, while the fourth parenting style was relabeled as a congruent intrusive parenting style. ANOVAs demonstrated that having (positive) authoritative parents associated with the most favorable outcomes, while having authoritarian parents coincided with the least favorable outcomes. Although less pronounced than for the authoritarian style, having intrusive parents also associated with poorer child outcomes. Results demonstrated that accounting for parental psychological control did not yield additional parenting styles, but enhanced our understanding of the pattern among the three parenting dimensions within each parenting style and their association with child outcomes. More similarities than dissimilarities in the parenting of both parents emerged, although adding psychological control slightly enlarged the differences between the scores of mothers and fathers.
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