Background
Parenting programs aim to reduce children's conduct problems through improvement of family dynamics. To date, research on the precise benefits and possible harms of parenting programs on ...family well‐being has been unsystematic and likely to be subject to selective outcome reporting and publication bias. Better understanding of program benefits and harms requires full disclosure by researchers of all included measures, and large enough numbers of participants to be able to detect small effects and estimate them precisely.
Methods
We obtained individual participant data for 14 of 15 randomized controlled trials on the Incredible Years parenting program in Europe (total N = 1,799). We used multilevel modeling to estimate program effects on 13 parent‐reported outcomes, including parenting practices, children's mental health, and parental mental health.
Results
Parental use of praise, corporal punishment, threats, and shouting improved, while parental use of tangible rewards, monitoring, or laxness did not. Children's conduct problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms improved, while emotional problems did not. Parental mental health (depressive symptoms, self‐efficacy, and stress) did not improve. There was no evidence of harmful effects.
Conclusions
The Incredible Years parenting program improves the aspects of family well‐being that it is primarily designed to improve: parenting and children's conduct problems. It also improves parent‐reported ADHD symptoms in children. Wider benefits are limited: the program does not improve children's emotional problems or parental mental health. There are no signs of harm on any of the target outcomes.
Neste artigo refletimos sobre a cultura digital e suas implicações na educação, objetivando discutir a relação entre a narrativa transmídia e a educação, além de apresentar uma metodologia de ensino ...para os gêneros textuais, a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e da observação participante com estudantes do curso de comunicação social – jornalismo de uma universidade privada do nordeste brasileiro. Concluímos que o uso de elementos da narrativa transmídia na produção textual apresenta algumas vantagens para o processo educacional.
Three-participant events in Romani Schippling, Melanie
Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung : STUF,
09/2022, Letnik:
75, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper presents the results of an investigation into the morphosyntactic expression of three-participant events in Romani and situates Romani within a typological framework (Margetts & Austin ...2007). It provides an inventory of attested strategies and first insights into their distribution across the dialects of Romani. My research indicates that three-place predicate and oblique/adjunct strategies are the principal means for encoding three-participant events in Romani, each applicable for several event types. However, dialectal differences become apparent. For each Romani dialect cluster, one variety is particularly focussed upon, namely: Kalderaš (Vlax), Arli (Balkan), East Slovak Romani (Central), Sinti (Northwestern), and Lithuanian Romani (Northeastern).
What should researchers say when recruiting entrepreneurs to participate in their study? Using a sample of entrepreneurs (N = 1,450) who were being asked to participate in an academic research ...project, we conducted an experiment to determine recruitment message efficacy. Drawing on best practices from the behavioral insights literature, we developed different email message recruitment statements that were randomly assigned across four phases of our experiment. Results indicate that a message grounded in the “descriptive norms” (i.e., social norms) approach resulted in the highest percentage of participants who clicked on the link to participate in our online survey. We discuss the theoretical as well as practical implications of our work.
•Using a sample of entrepreneurs (N = 1450) we conducted an experiment to determine recruitment message efficacy.•We developed five different email message recruitment statements that were randomly assigned across four phases of our experiment.•Results indicate that a message grounded in the “descriptive norms” (i.e., social norms) approach resulted in the highest percentage of participants who clicked on the link to participate.
The Internet is widely used to conduct research studies on health issues. Many different methods are used to recruit participants for such studies, but little is known about how various recruitment ...methods compare in terms of efficiency and costs.
The aim of our study was to compare online and offline recruitment methods for Internet-based studies in terms of efficiency (number of recruited participants) and costs per participant.
We employed several online and offline recruitment methods to enroll 18- to 45-year-old women in an Internet-based Danish prospective cohort study on fertility. Offline methods included press releases, posters, and flyers. Online methods comprised advertisements placed on five different websites, including Facebook and Netdoktor.dk. We defined seven categories of mutually exclusive recruitment methods and used electronic tracking via unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and self-reported data to identify the recruitment method for each participant. For each method, we calculated the average cost per participant and efficiency, that is, the total number of recruited participants.
We recruited 8252 study participants. Of these, 534 were excluded as they could not be assigned to a specific recruitment method. The final study population included 7724 participants, of whom 803 (10.4%) were recruited by offline methods, 3985 (51.6%) by online methods, 2382 (30.8%) by online methods not initiated by us, and 554 (7.2%) by other methods. Overall, the average cost per participant was €6.22 for online methods initiated by us versus €9.06 for offline methods. Costs per participant ranged from €2.74 to €105.53 for online methods and from €0 to €67.50 for offline methods. Lowest average costs per participant were for those recruited from Netdoktor.dk (€2.99) and from Facebook (€3.44).
In our Internet-based cohort study, online recruitment methods were superior to offline methods in terms of efficiency (total number of participants enrolled). The average cost per recruited participant was also lower for online than for offline methods, although costs varied greatly among both online and offline recruitment methods. We observed a decrease in the efficiency of some online recruitment methods over time, suggesting that it may be optimal to adopt multiple online methods.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Maintaining data quality on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has always been a concern for researchers. These concerns have grown recently due to the bot crisis of 2018 and observations that past ...safeguards of data quality (e.g., approval ratings of 95%) no longer work. To address data quality concerns, CloudResearch, a third-party website that interfaces with MTurk, has assessed ~165,000 MTurkers and categorized them into those that provide high- (~100,000, Approved) and low- (~65,000, Blocked) quality data. Here, we examined the predictive validity of CloudResearch’s vetting. In a pre-registered study, participants (
N
= 900) from the Approved and Blocked groups, along with a Standard MTurk sample (95% HIT acceptance ratio, 100+ completed HITs), completed an array of data-quality measures. Across several indices, Approved participants (i) identified the content of images more accurately, (ii) answered more reading comprehension questions correctly, (iii) responded to reversed coded items more consistently, (iv) passed a greater number of attention checks, (v) self-reported less cheating and actually left the survey window less often on easily Googleable questions, (vi) replicated classic psychology experimental effects more reliably, and (vii) answered AI-stumping questions more accurately than Blocked participants, who performed at chance on multiple outcomes. Data quality of the Standard sample was generally in between the Approved and Blocked groups. We discuss how MTurk’s Approval Rating system is no longer an effective data-quality control, and we discuss the advantages afforded by using the Approved group for scientific studies on MTurk.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread disruption and termination of clinical research and a prompt adoption of mobile health (mHealth) technologies in the healthcare space. As the United States' ...healthcare system has rapidly become reliant on remotely conducted activities, the implementation of decentralized methods using mHealth technology in research investigation has become a necessary alternative to traditional in-person cohort studies. The aim of this article is to: report successful and unsuccessful examples of remote asthma clinical studies, explore the benefits and potential drawbacks of virtual clinical investigation, discuss the potential impact on equity and representation in asthma research, and provide suggestions through which investigators can implement decentralized clinical trials. Enhanced study accessibility, participant diversity, safety measures, and research efficacy are some of the benefits identified with a focused discussion on the impact on equity that decentralized clinical trials renders. Furthermore, potential concerns regarding regulatory compliance, data privacy, and effective mHealth design and solutions are discussed. Despite the setbacks and interruptions faced by the study participants and investigators due to the pandemic, the transition to decentralized clinical studies using mHealth technology is a positive, feasible step toward innovation and equity in the allergy and immunology field.
Offline event marketing has become increasingly popular. As a large amount of data from location-based social networks (LBSNs), such as Foursquare, Gowalla, and Facebook, becomes available, how to ...make use of these data to analyze users’ social behaviors is an important issue for offline event marketing. To provide some valuable guidance for businesses, this paper presents a statistical inference approach to optimally selecting participants who have a high probability of visiting an offline event. Technically, we formulate participant selection as a constraint optimization problem. In particular, our marketing cost model takes into account key factors such as distance, loyalty influence, and recommendation index. In addition, four participant-based strategies and a detailed algorithm are presented. Experiments on real-world datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach and the quantitative model.
This meta-analysis, spanning 5 decades of Draw-A-Scientist studies, examined U.S. children's gender-science stereotypes linking science with men. These stereotypes should have weakened over time ...because women's representation in science has risen substantially in the United States, and mass media increasingly depict female scientists. Based on 78 studies (N = 20,860; grades K-12), children's drawings of scientists depicted female scientists more often in later decades, but less often among older children. Children's depictions of scientists therefore have become more gender diverse over time, but children still associate science with men as they grow older. These results may reflect that children observe more male than female scientists in their environments, even though women's representation in science has increased over time.
This systematic literature review was undertaken primarily to examine the role that print and digitally mediums play in text comprehension. Overall, results suggest that medium plays an influential ...role under certain text or task conditions or for certain readers. Additional goals were to identify how researchers defined and measured comprehension, and the various trends that have emerged over the past 25 years, since Dillon s review. Analysis showed that relatively few researchers defined either reading or digital reading, and that the majority of studies relied on researcher-developed measures. Three types of trends were identified in this body of work: incremental (significant increase; e.g., number of studies conducted, variety of digital devices used), stationary (relative stability; e.g., research setting, chose of participants), and iterative (wide fluctuation; e.g., text length, text manipulations). The review concludes by considering the significance of these findings for future empirical research on reading in print or digital mediums.
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