Chen Lanbin is China’s first ambassador to the United States, honest and upright, using evidences to safeguard the human rights of Chinese workers in the Americas, and actively negotiating the Denver ...anti-Chinese incident. As a subordinate of Chen Lanbin, Cai Xiyong chose to translate the US Federal Constitution, which was due to not only his personal interest but also the influence of Chen Lanbin as a patron. Based on Lefevere’s “patronage” theory, the the reasons why Cai Xiyong chose to translate the US Federal Constitution, why there existed linguistic deviations and deformations between Cai’s translation and the original text and why Cai’s translation did not catch people’s enough attention in modern China history, are examined from the three aspects of patronage: ideological, economic and status factors. On ideological factor, Both Chen Lanbin and Cai Xiyong adhered to the concept “Chinese learning as substance, western learning for application”; on economic factor, Cai Xiyong was appreciated by his leader and patron Chen Lanbin and got a salary from the Qing Dynasty government; on status factor, Cai Xiyong was recognized by his leader and patron Chen Lanbin and became an official through the Westernization Movement. Influenced by the patron Chen Lanbin, the purpose of Cai Xiyong translating the US federal Constitution is to handle the Denver anti-Chinese incident, and not to reform China’s political and legal system, transform the superstructure and overthrow the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty government.
Viene qui presa in esame l'attività dell'argentiere Angelo Maria Spinazzi (1693, dopo il 1785 / prima del 1789) nell'ambito della committenza portoghese, a partire dai primissimi anni Venti, subito ...dopo aver ottenuto la patente di argentiere, Spinazzi lavorò per l'ambasciata portoghese nella città pontificia e negli anni Quaranta fu coinvolto nell'impresa della cappella di San Giovanni Battista nella chiesa di S. Rocco, di committenza regale, progettando e realizzando pezzi importanti del suo sontuoso corredo liturgico. Lo studio della committenza portoghese contribuisce ad una migliore comprensione dell'opera dell'argentiere e getta nuova luce sull'intervento dell'artista nella collezione di argenti della cappella fatta erigere dal re Giovanni V (1689-1750) nella chiesa dei Gesuiti di Lisbona.
Das politische System Russlands hat sich seit dem Jahr 2000 zu einem autoritären Regime entwickelt. Der Entstehung eines totalitären Systems steht entgegen, dass sich in Russland das westliche ...Konsummodell durchgesetzt hat. Zudem verfolgt Russlands herrschende Elite keine universellen ideologischen Ziele, sondern hat nur persönliche Macht und Bereicherung im Sinn. Die staatlichen Institutionen sind von einem parasitären Patronage- und Klientelsystem geprägt, in dem Geheimdienstler eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Mit der Annexion der Krim und dem Krieg gegen die Ukraine bediente das Regime imperiale Sehnsüchte und schürte zugleich antiwestliche Ressentiments. Dauerhafte Legitimität lässt sich so nicht gewinnen.
Since 2000, the political system in Russia has developed into an authoritarian regime. The creation of a totalitarian system is hindered by the fact that in Russia, the western model of consumerism has taken hold. Furthermore, Russia’s ruling élite is not pursuing any universal ideological goals, but is interested only in personal power and enrichment. The state institutions are characterised by a parasitic system of patronage and clientelism, in which secret service officials play a key role. By annexing Crimea and waging war against Ukraine, the regime spoke to imperial aspirations, while at the same time also fostering anti-Western resentment. This is not the way to achieve long-lasting legitimacy.
Le mécénat est un engagement libre de l’entreprise au service de causes d’intérêt général. Le mécénat de compétences en est une des composantes. Différentes notions sont à identifier pour bien ...comprendre ce dispositif.
Dans le cadre du financement de leur projet associatif et de leur développement, les associations peuvent avoir recours au mécénat et leurs donateurs bénéficier d’un avantage fiscal prévu aux ...articles 200 et 238 bis du Code général des impôts (CGI).
In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, many questioned whether the large number of political appointees in the Federal Emergency Management Agency contributed to the agency's poor handling of the ...catastrophe, ultimately costing hundreds of lives and causing immeasurable pain and suffering.The Politics of Presidential Appointmentsexamines in depth how and why presidents use political appointees and how their choices impact government performance--for better or worse.
One way presidents can influence the permanent bureaucracy is by filling key posts with people who are sympathetic to their policy goals. But if the president's appointees lack competence and an agency fails in its mission--as with Katrina--the president is accused of employing his friends and allies to the detriment of the public. Through case studies and cutting-edge analysis, David Lewis takes a fascinating look at presidential appointments dating back to the 1960s to learn which jobs went to appointees, which agencies were more likely to have appointees, how the use of appointees varied by administration, and how it affected agency performance. He argues that presidents politicize even when it hurts performance--and often with support from Congress--because they need agencies to be responsive to presidential direction. He shows how agency missions and personnel--and whether they line up with the president's vision--determine which agencies presidents target with appointees, and he sheds new light on the important role patronage plays in appointment decisions.
In this visually rich volume, Mariah Proctor-Tiffany reconstructs the art collection and material culture of the fourteenth-century French queen Clémence de Hongrie, illuminating the way the ...royal widow gave objects as part of a deliberate strategy to create a lasting legacy for herself and her family in medieval Paris.
After the sudden death of her husband, King Louis X, and the loss of her promised income, young Clémence fought for her high social status by harnessing the visual power of possessions, displaying them, and offering her luxurious objects as gifts. Clémence adeptly performed the role of queen, making a powerful argument for her place at court and her income as she adorned her body, the altars of her chapels, and her dining tables with sculptures, paintings, extravagant textiles, manuscripts, and jewelry—the exclusive accoutrements of royalty. Proctor-Tiffany analyzes the queen’s collection, maps the geographic trajectories of her gifts of art, and interprets Clémence’s generosity using anthropological theories of exchange and gift giving.
Engaging with the art inventory of a medieval French woman, this lavishly illustrated microhistory sheds light on the material and social culture of the late Middle Ages. Scholars and students of medieval art, women’s studies, digital mapping, and the anthropology of ritual and gift giving especially will welcome Proctor-Tiffany’s meticulous research.
In Moving Sculptures Lipińska explores the little-known phenomenon of serial production of small-scale alabaster sculpture in the Southern Netherlands of the 16th and 17th centuries from the ...perspective of its recipients in Central and Northern Europe.
