Abstract The paper presents the integrated propulsion system implementation steps on a L6E road vehicle. The implementation followed several technical levels which are properly described within the ...paper. The functional behaviour in terms of electric propulsion was defined and developed. All the dedicated components were investigated, set and customized, to equip a L6E vehicle. Currently the electric machine, the battery pack, the user interface, the speedometer, the pedals, the power electronics etc. are implemented on a real existing L6E road vehicle, after they were defined and virtually tested.
The asymmetries study between both legs of the forces applied to the pedals in cycling is important because they may affect the performance of the cyclist or prevent the occurrence of injuries. ...Studies focused on analysing asymmetries in forces tend to consider only the effective force, disregarding the three-dimensional nature of the force. Furthermore, these studies do not analyse the possible physical or neurological causes that may have led to the appearance of the asymmetries. This paper presents a methodology to carry out three-dimensional analysis of the asymmetries of the forces applied in both pedals and discriminate the possible sources of these asymmetries. Seven participants, amateurs and without pathologies, were analysed. Two commercial pedals were instrumented to measure the three components of the force applied to each pedal. The Normalized Symmetry Index (NSI) and the Cross Correlation Coefficient (CCC) were used for the asymmetries analysis. Results showed that both indexes need to be used in conjunction to analyse the causes of asymmetry in the pedal forces from a 3D perspective along the pedal cycle. The NSI is an index that makes it possible to evaluate asymmetry by considering only the value of the force applied by each leg at each instant. The CCC makes it possible to evaluate whether the temporal evolutions of the forces applied by each leg are similar. Preliminary results suggest that the proposed methodology is effective for analysing asymmetries in the forces in a pedalling cycle from a three-dimensional point of view. Forces in the sagittal plane showed a high level of symmetry. The lateral-medial force presented the highest level of asymmetry due to the difference in the magnitudes of the applied forces by both legs and the existing time shift between the two force patterns. The results of this work will allow for more complete and accurate three-dimensional dynamic analyses of the lower body during pedalling.
Abstract
This study presents the design and manufacture of a low-cost driving simulator device that achieves results comparable to advanced simulation devices with a high cost. The aim is to use it ...in a variety of laboratory studies to understand the behaviour and performance of the driver and vehicle and in designing the elements of the road infrastructure and using it as a driving training device. (51) participants of both genders and of different ages participated in the performance of driving experiences in the city environment scenario, where the experiment lasted (30) minutes for the purpose of evaluating the validity of the manufactured simulator by filling out a questionnaire consisting of (9) questions. The results indicate that all participants (100%) were impressed with the design of the device, the ease of use of the device’s controls (steering wheel, gearbox and pedals) and the realism of the approved driving simulation program, and by (52.9%) the simulated experience was very good. With a percentage of (96.1%), they evaluated the device between the device being (realistic - very realistic) (100%), and the participants evaluated the device on a scale of (0-100). The summary of the results is that the device has a high acceptance.
We present a system capable of providing visual feedback for ergometer training, allowing detailed analysis and gamification. The presented solution can easily upgrade any existing ergometer device. ...The system consists of a set of pedals with embedded sensors, readout electronics and wireless communication modules and a tablet device for interaction with the users, which can be mounted on any ergometer, transforming it into a full analytical assessment tool with interactive training capabilities. The methods to capture the forces and moments applied to the pedal, as well as the pedal’s angular position, were validated using reference sensors and high-speed video capture systems. The mean-absolute error (MAE) for load is found to be 18.82 N, 25.35 N, 0.153 Nm for Fx, Fz and Mx respectively and the MAE for the pedal angle is 13.2°. A fully gamified experience of ergometer training has been demonstrated with the presented system to enhance the rehabilitation experience with audio visual feedback, based on measured cycling parameters.
Implementation science has evolved over more than 20 years and established a set of theories, models, and frameworks that can be used to guide the implementation process, identify ...implementation-influencing factors, and evaluate implementation effectiveness. Guided by theories, the implementation research paradigm has been developed to emphasize a problem-oriented approach that seeks to solve problems, identify barriers to implementing evidence-based practices, and selectively employ implementation strategies to facilitate their adoption, implementation, and maintenance. This paradigm also gives implementation research distinctive characteristics in terms of research design, including extensive use of theories, models, and frameworks, alignment with real-world and contextual settings, use of mixed research designs, use of rapid research methods, and optimization of interventions for the context in which they are to be implemented. As the second part of Past and Present of Implementation Science, this paper pr
The driver who lower limb disabled patients were used the hand control to drive. The hand control was fixed permanently on the pedals. Thus, their family cannot share the car with them. Hence, there ...are several ways to innovate the hand control become portable product. This study was undertaken to investigate the characteristic driving behaviour of lower limb disabled patient yet to establish the design driving external support that was portable by using hand control. There are many types of mechanism that was used to upgrade the product function compare to existing product. The materials mainly used steel as the materials of hand control stick. The fabrication process was used two weeks to done the prototype. Using a novel upgrading of portable hand control may help the disable patient easily use the fingers and hand, without using any tools. This product also can be refit in others car. The innovation of mechanism assists patients can share their car with their family members.
A dual-localized DNAzyme walker (dlDW) was constructed by utilizing multiple split DNAzymes with probes, and their substrates are separately localized on streptavidin and AuNPs, serving as walking ...pedals and tracks, respectively. Based on dlDW, biosensing platform was successfully constructed and showed great potential application in clinical disease diagnosis.
A dual-localized DNAzyme walker was constructed by utilizing split DNAzymes and their substrates are separately localized on streptavidin and AuNPs. Such dual localization increased the local concentration between DNAzymes and substrates, significantly enhancing the reaction kinetics.
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