•‘Risk-averseness’ and ‘knowledge-gap’ are modelled as dominant behavioural factors for slow EV-adoption.•Behavioural modelling for energy users ‘personal and societal payoff of V2G/V2H integration ...is performed.•An MINLP optimization problem is used to maximize the total welfare for uniformly distributed behavioural parameters of energy users.•The impact of EV adoption is discussed for two types of micro-grid (MGs) settings, namely: MG-I and MG-II.•A GHG mapping formulation is introduced to evaluate of EV-prosumer’s contribution to the environmental payoff.•EV-prosumer has the potential to substitute the scheduling of a power-producing entity at peak-hours.
The prevailing knowledge-value-intention-action gaps on personal and societal benefits of electric vehicle (EV), challenges an energy user’s ability from its wider adoption. This work presents a model to empower an energy user to emerge as an EV-prosumer using vehicle-to-grid(V2G)/ vehicle-to-home(V2H) integration. The proposed algorithm uses an energy user's behavioural attributes ‘knowledge-gap’ and ‘risk-averseness’ to showcase the impact of EVs adoption on personal and societal benefits. Four categories of energy users are defined and considered to model the problem as per their behavioural outlook on EV adoption. The first two energy user categories inactive and active consumers are considered without EV integration. And, the comparative analysis of their personal payoff is discussed with the another two energy user categories considered with EVs: Type I EV-prosumer with single EV, and Type II EV-prosumer with multiple EVs. Further, the impact of an EV prosumer’s emergence on societal benefits is discussed for two types of micro-grid (MG) settings: MG-I and MG-II.
A mix-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model is developed to optimize each type of energy user’s welfare for V2G/V2H interactions in MG-I and MG-II, respectively. The model results confirm that improvement in the awareness and risk-tolerance ability of an energy user's behaviour on EV adoption empowers them to emerge as a grid-independent entity during the peak hours. Also, the objective function of an inactive user improves by 120%, 163%, and 147.6 % for an active, Type I EV-prosumer, and Type II EV-prosumer, respectively, with improvements in their behavioural parameters by 12.5%, 25%, and 27.5 %, correspondingly. The results show that the incremental welfare of Type I EV-prosumer is 63.5% higher than that of the active user, while for Type II EV-prosumer, it is as low as 25.2% than that of Type I EV-prosumer.
A structural model of host authenticity Zhou, Qilou (Bill); Zhang, Jie; Zhang, Honglei ...
Annals of tourism research,
November 2015, 2015-11-00, Letnik:
55
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Our study focuses on the process of hosts’ authentication.•A pioneering structural model of host perception of authenticity has been creatively constructed.•When hosts use support for tourism as ...power to obtain hegemony over authenticity, they focus only on objective authenticity.•The effects of personal economic benefits are indirect and hidden.•Personal emotional benefits are at the center of the model.
Authenticity is significant for all modern peoples, including hosts. Hosts have the right to make their own interpretation of authenticity. The model that we constructed explains the process of hosts’ authentication through structural analysis of the antecedents and consequences of hosts’ authentic experiences. The effects of personal economic benefits are indirect and hidden, with personal emotional benefits being the key factor that mediates the conflict between economic benefits and authenticity. The model explains the complex but delicate mechanism of how hosts balance their dual demands, ‘benefits from tourism’ and ‘authentic culture’. When hosts use support for tourism as power to obtain hegemony over authenticity, they focus only on objective authenticity, which also implies ethnic tourism has become superficial in China.
his article analyses the notion of non-pecuniary bribes as an attribute of corruption offenses and draws attention to the problem of high legal uncertainty in understanding the content of this legal ...concept. The author highlights the essential criteria according to which one or another non-pecuniary benefit can be recognized as an unlawful or unjustified reward and proposes appropriate changes in the system of anti-corruption norms that would reduce legal uncertainty and bring the concept of a non-pecuniary bribe in line with the principle of the legality of criminal law (nullum crimen sine lege). The author also argues that the concept of non-pecuniary bribery was not properly implemented in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, as it was not separated from the primary definitions of bribery and trading in influence, which are related to the monetary value of the bribe. On the one hand, this undermined the applicability of this concept; on the other hand, it posed the risk of its excessive application, even in cases where such benefits are not characterized by any negativity or are offered for legitimate official acts, even without prior agreement. The term “personal benefit” was also incorrectly chosen, as it unreasonably encourages the search for connections only within the sphere of personal life. From an anticorruption point of view, it does not matter what interests (personal, work, public, political, corporate or other) a non-material bribe is related to.
This paper reviews resident tourism attitude research through the lens of the individual- and community-level perceived impacts of and responses to tourism. It explores how perceived impacts of ...tourism and responses to tourism development have been conceptualised and measured in the existing resident attitudes models published between 1990 and 2020. Three categories of variables were identified and used: antecedent variables, tourism impact variables, and dependent variables. The latter three categories are used to discuss the research topic from the lenses of improvements in measurement instruments. Finally, the paper suggests rethinking the overall conceptualisation of residents' perceptions of and reactions to tourism - it proposes future research directions to distinguish between individual-level and community-level effects and reactions.
Residents’ attitude towards tourism development in religious tourism destinations is especially relevant for tourism planning. Nevertheless, there are few studies that analyse how residents’ attitude ...towards development of religious tourism is formed. This paper analyses the effect of residents’ place attachment on their attitudes towards development of religious tourism, considering perceived impacts of tourism as mediator and the personal benefit derived from tourism as moderating effect. On the basis of a sample of 410 residents of Montecristi, a religious tourism destination of Ecuador, and using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the results show that place attachment directly influences the attitude towards development of religious tourism, but mainly through the perceived impacts of tourism. Moreover, this paper finds that the influence of the perceived impacts on the support for the development of religious tourism is higher in residents with a lower personal benefit than in residents with a higher personal benefit. These findings enable a series of recommendations to be made to the agents concerned regarding the development of religious tourism in sacred destinations.
Consumers' participation in automobile recalls for environmental defects (ARED) can enhance the recall's completion rate, reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, and improve air quality. This study ...investigates consumers' intention to participate in ARED on the basis of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and extends it by adding the constructs of perceived environmental benefits, personal benefits, and personal costs. A total of 628 respondents participated in the online questionnaire survey, and a structural equation model was adopted to analyze the collected data. Results show that perceived behavioral control and positive attitude toward participating in ARED positively affect consumers' participation intention. Attitude is mainly explained by perceived environmental benefits, whereas subjective norm is mainly explained by perceived environmental and personal benefits. On the basis of these results, we provide some implications to motivate consumers to participate in ARED.
Identified as an increasingly pivotal aspect, the benevolent extra-role characteristic of community citizenship behavior contributes to destination development efficiency and social cohesion. Based ...on the egoistic-altruistic motivation framework, this study investigated three motivations that propel residents to exercise community citizenship behaviors in a positive social contact context, namely self-focused, other-focused, and place-focused motivation. A conceptual model combined with positive contact, personal benefit, sympathetic understanding, place identity, and community citizenship behavior was developed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) through data from 366 residents in Kaifeng, China. The findings showed that of the three motivations for community citizenship behaviors, place identity contributed the most, and personal benefits failed to predict community citizenship behaviors. Furthermore, sympathetic understanding with tourists was most fostered by residents from the perception of positive contact with tourists. These findings offer a novel theoretical framework for scholarly investigation and provide practical insights for tourism managers regarding strategies to influence residents' community citizenship behavior.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, we modified the theory of planned behaviour and proposed that attitude towards gambling explains and predicts gambling support. We explored whether locals and tourists support or ...oppose the gambling industry and the factors that led to support or opposition. This information is vital, as policy decisions are often made by taking into consideration public support. Using a structured questionnaire, we gathered data from 385 respondents from Goa, a popular tourist and gambling destination in India. Through structural equation modelling, we found that most of the variance (87%) in support of gambling was explained by attitude. Perceived benefits and risks explained the significant variance (58%) in attitude towards gambling, as indicated in the theory of planned behaviour. The coefficients were significant except for the path from social risk to attitude, which was removed from the final model. The direct path from benefits and risk to support were not significant. In addition, the path from personal risk to attitude was moderated by the respondent’s gambling behaviour. Although gamblers had a more positive attitude with increasing personal risk, non-gamblers had a more negative attitude with increasing personal risk. This finding confirms the risk-seeking behaviour of gamblers. Résumé Cet article modifie la théorie du comportement planifié et avance que l’attitude à l’égard des jeux de hasard explique et prédit l’appui donné à ces jeux. L’étude vise à déterminer si les habitants et les touristes appuient l’industrie des jeux de hasard ou s’ils s’y opposent, et à cerner les facteurs menant à un appui ou à une opposition. Il s’agit d’une information de grande importance, car les décisions d’orientation prennent souvent en considération l’appui du public. Des données ont été recueillies au moyen d’un questionnaire structuré auprès de 385 répondants de Goa, en Inde, une destination touristique et de jeu très prisée. À l’aide d’une modélisation par équation structurelle, la recherche a révélé que la variance (87 %) dans l’appui aux jeux de hasard s’explique en majeure partie par l’attitude. Comme le suggère la théorie du comportement planifié, les avantages et les risques perçus expliquent la variance importante (58 %) dans l’attitude à l’égard des jeux de hasard. Les coefficients sont significatifs, à l’exception de la piste causale entre le risque social et l’attitude, qui a été retirée du modèle final. Les pistes directes allant des avantages et des risques vers l’appui n’étaient pas significatives. Il est apparu que les comportements de jeu des répondants avaient un effet modérateur sur la piste allant du risque personnel vers l’attitude. L’attitude des joueurs était de plus en plus positive à mesure qu’augmentait le risque personnel, tandis que celle des non-joueurs était de plus en plus négative. Ce résultat confirme l’existence d’un comportement de recherche du risque chez les joueurs.
Given the lack of knowledge about safety and efficacy of many treatments for children, pediatric clinical trials are important, but recruitment for pediatric research is difficult. Little is known ...about children's perspective on participating in trials. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences and motivations of young people who took part in clinical trials. This is a qualitative interview study of 25 young people aged 10-23 who were invited to take part in clinical trials. Interviews were audio or video recorded and analyzed using framework analysis. Young peoples' motivations were both personal benefit and helping others. Both incentives appeared to be more complex than expected. We introduce the terms "network of exchange" and "intergenerational solidarity" to describe these motivations. To improve recruitment, professionals should be more open about research opportunities, provide better information, and give young people feedback after the trial has ended.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Therapeutic misconception has been extensively studied and addressed within clinical trials. An equivalent in the genetic research context has been identified as diagnostic misconception. There is ...not much data on this phenomenon in population-based biobank studies. Since misconceptions may generate undue motives to enroll, the authors aimed at reviewing studies addressing the reasons to participate in biobank studies. The main databases were searched using relevant keywords. Studies were included if peer-reviewed, in English and describing the reasons to enroll was provided by actual and apparently healthy donors. Although the 13 studies retrieved were heterogeneous, a scheme summarizing the main aspects involved in the decision-making process was developed. Expectation of personal benefit through health-related information was found in eight studies. Three of them discussed whether this expectation could be considered a form of therapeutic misconception. The magnitude of this phenomenon is an important ethical concern and ought to be further studied.
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